16. The ACCUSATIVE is the case of the Direct Object of a Transitive Verb.

17. The Subject of the Infinitive Mood is in the Accusative.

18. Length of Time and extent of Space are put in the Accusative.

19. Verbs of Asking and Teaching govern two Accusatives. 20. The ABLATIVE is used of Cause, Manner, Means, Instrument, and Price.

21. The Voluntary Agent after a Passive Verb is in the Ablative with a or ab; after the Gerundive, in the Dative.

22. Words signifying Separation, and Plenty or Want, govern the Ablative.

23. Participles denoting Birth or Origin govern the Ablative. 24. The Adjectives dignus, indignus, contentus, and fretus, govern the Ablative.

25. The Deponents utor, fruor, fungor, potior, vescor, and dignor govern the Ablative.

26. The Comparative Degree is followed by the Ablative.

27. Degree of Difference or Distance is put in the Ablative. 28. Time when is put in the Ablative.

29. The Subject and Predicate of a subordinate clause are often put in apposition in the Ablative (ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE 112).

30. The name of the Place where is put in what is called the Locative Case: this is generally in form like the Genitive or Dative (see 74).

31. The name of the Place whither is in the Accusative; of the Place whence in the Ablative. But with names of Countries, Prepositions are always used to express where, whither, or whence.

32. One Verb governs another in the INFINITIVE.

33. The Infinitive is often used for the tenses of the Indicative in narration (HISTORICAL INFINITIVE).

34. Conjunctions which simply connect sentences, or parts of sentences, are followed by the same Case or Mood as that which goes before.

35. Conjunctions-also Relatives-implying Purpose or Result, require the Subjunctive Mood. Thus,

36. Ut (that), ne, quo, quin, quominus; also quasi, velutsi, utinam, licet, quum (since or though), dum (until), and dummodo, are followed by the Subjunctive.

For the government of Prepositions, see 48, 49, 50.

Lesson 31.

DERIVATIVES AND COMPOUNDS.

126. In using the Dictionary, it will be a great help to learn carefully the meaning of the following forms:

Feminines in a are formed from masculines in us or er: as, servus, serva, slave; magister, magistra, master, mistress ;

Diminutives in olus, ŭlus, or ellus (a, um), from nouns or adjectives, signifying little or tender (102);

Nouns ending in tor (M.), or trix (F.), from the Supine of verbs signifying the one who does a thing: as, from colo (cultum), cultivate, cultor, cultrix;

Adjectives in eus, inus, ilis, anus, ensis, from nouns signifying possession, material, or residence (105);

Verbal adjectives in bundus, having nearly the meaning of the present participle: as, cogitabundus, reflecting ;

Adverbs in e or iter, formed from Adjectives, and regularly compared (61, 81). For other Derivative forms, see Gr., § 44.

127. Very many Compounds are formed by prefixing a Preposition to a Verb or Adjective. The prepositions most commonly used, with their meaning in the compound, are:

in, in, on, or against (with adjectives, not). ́

128. A verb is Conjugated, by giving its four Principal Parts: these are, the Indicative Present, the Infinitive, the Perfect, and the Supine: as,

amo, amāre, amavi, amatum, to love (1st Conjugation);
cado, cadĕre, cecidi, casum, to fall (3d Conjugation).

From these parts all the others may be formed; except, in irregular verbs, some of those formed from the Present (99).

DIALOGUES.

NOTE. The figures in the English column refer to the Foot-notes; in the Latin, to the foregoing Sections; the letter R, to the Rules of Syntax in Lesson 30.

I. CORDERIUS.

1. Spending-money.

2 He warned me in many words.

3 Will you give for a loan?

2. Lending and Borrowing.

C. Quando exspectas réditum patris ?

7. Hinc ad octavum diem. C. Quî scies diem?

C. When do you expect your
father back?

7. A week from to-day.1
C. How will you know the
day?

7. He wrote me himself.
C. His coming, I hope, will
make you rich.

7. I shall be richer than
Croesus, if he comes
with plenty of money.
C. Will you return me the
loan then?

7. Do not doubt, but if you need more I will not only repay the loan, but return the favor.

C. Tu quoque vale.

1 At the eighth day from here. 2 Salute in my name. 8 Wish for itself.

M. Heus, puer !

mihi 30

36

S. I would often read to her.
M. What did you read?
S. Something from the Bible
and other good books.
M. A right and praiseworthy
service but what, did
you do nothing else?
S. As often as there was
need, I waited on her,
with the maid.

M. Is this true?

S. Here is a certificate.
M. Who wrote it?

S. Our man-servant, in moth-
er's name.

M. I know his hand: as you have often brought me notes from him.

S. May I go back to my seat, then?

M. Why not, since I am satisfied?

4. A Morning Walk.

D. Hem præceptor, quid vis?

M. Pone libros: totum diem R. 18

satis studuisti: para te

ut eamus ambulatum.

M. Halloo boy!

S. Ah, teacher! what do you want?

M. Put by your books: you have studied hard all day: . get ready for a walk.

D. Nonne præstaret post S. Wouldn't it be better after

M. Exercitatio córporis salu- M. Active1 exercise is wholebrior est ante cibum.

somer before eating.

1 of the body.