Of course, I have to sell the other 35 members of the committee.

It is nice for you to appear here again. You are always a very interesting witness.

Mr. Zablocki.

Mr. ZABLOCKI. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Of course I wouldn't be consistent if I didn't question the recommendation of our delightful witness from the Council of Jewish Women. Mrs. Brown, you state that the council believes the multiyear authorization is necessary to give validity and continuity to the foreign assistance program. How does it give more validity?

Mrs. BROWN. We use the term "validity" in the sense that we are encouraging long-term economic development in these countries. And long-term economic development based on 1-year planning does seem to us contradictory.

Mr. ZABLOCKI. May I ask the same question I have asked the other witness: Does your council have a multiyear budget?

Mrs. BROWN. A biennial budget. Many of our programs overseas are based on multiyear plans, with money planned on the same basis, and reviewed annually by means of progress reports.

Mr. ZABLOCKI. I have supported this program for 17 years, and if it continues to be a worthwhile one I have plans to continue in the future. But I want to take a new and fresh look at it every year. I am not giving as much as my chairman. I like him very much, and respect him, but I hope his position on a 2-year authorization does not prevail.

Mrs. BROWN. I think the council would be in favor, and does encourage review of the program every year in the form of progress reports to insure the successful meeting of the conditions that have been put on the plans for the various countries.

Mr. ZABLOCKI. Does the council agree that the House authorizing committee should retain its prerogatives of setting the policy, rather than relinquishing it to the Appropriations Committee?

Mrs. BROWN. Very definitely.

Mr. ZABLOCKI. You don't see this happening if we grant multiyear authorizations.

Mrs. BROWN. Not at all. With the yearly review of appropriations and debates on the House floor this committee can certainly maintain its authority over the policymaking.

Mr. ZABLOCKI. Thank you very much.
Chairman MORGAN. Mr. O'Hara.

Mr. O'HARA. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Mrs. Brown. I wish to commend you first for the brevity of your statement. You have covered the entire field without any waste of words. Then also for your speed of delivery. You read very rapidly and very distinctly, and I want to commend you.

Among the many subjects you cover, you are concerned about population pressure, I see.

Mrs. BROWN. Yes.

Mr. O'HARA. You put that on page 3, relatively far up in your recommendations, that we do something about planning our population. How far do you think we should go?

Mrs. BROWN. As we stated in our statement, we do not believe that family planning can be imposed upon any country, nor can it be forced upon any family.

I do believe that a good job of public information could be done, probably a better job, although I don't think I have complete facts on how much is being done in family planning by AID. I think there is a need in the educational field on family planning without imposing the program on any country.

I think the availability should be there so that if a country does show interest in family planning there would be no delay in nurturing this interest and developing it and carrying through a program. We have had a stand on this both domestically and internationally for quite a while.

Mr. O'HARA. Some years ago I made a trip to Africa with Congressman Hays of this committee. We would go to a country and he would say, "What has been your progress, your economic progress during the last year?"

And they would say maybe 2 percent.

"What has been the increase in your population?”

"Five percent."

And he would throw up his hands.

Thank you, Mrs. Brown.

Chairman MORGAN. Mr. Roybal.

Mr. ROYBAL. Mrs. Brown, I, too, would like to congratulate you on your presentation. I usually agree with everything you say, but I do not agree that we should have a 5-year authorization.

I also do not agree that we should separate the economic and military aid request. I think this is a most dangerous procedure for I believe if the separation does come about, that the economic aid would suffer greatly.

I do agree, however, with your statement with regard to the AID's new incentives in agriculture, health, and education. I am very much concerned about a problem that we have here in the United States regarding youth, and that is the problem of narcotic addiction.

As I travel throughout the country, going to various junior high schools and high schools, I find narcotic addiction to be a most pressing problem that weighs most heavily upon the youth of this Nation. I am of the opinion that it usually takes women to get things done. I find that to be a fact in my campaign and the various organizations that I belong to in my district. I was just wondering what your organization is doing or is thinking of doing with regard to the problem of narcotic addiction, particularly with appropriations that could be made to the World Health Organization or to other organizations doing research and making recommendations with regard to procedures to be taken in attacking the problem.

Mrs. BROWN. We have supported the specialized agencies, including WHO. We spend a considerable time in our domestic program on the problems of youth. They have been in the last few years directed principally to the field of poverty and education.

We have been involved in Headstart and the Job Corps and the educational field very deeply. That we have any specific program on narcotic addiction, I am not aware. However, our members are

interested in the problem and at our last biennial convention a resolution on this subject was adopted.

I could check on it and let you know whether any deep thought has been given to that problem. It is involved, I imagine, in our problem with the disadvantaged child and with educating the child prior to his formal education and with our entire poverty program.

Mr. ROYBAL. I think you could be the sparkplug in getting this started in your organization. I think your knowledge and interest could definitely add the impetus that is necessary to have the organization take this up as a mission.

Chairman MORGAN. Thank you, Mrs. Brown.

The next witness is the Most Reverend Edward E. Swanstrom, executive director, Catholic Relief Services, speaking for the American Council of Voluntary Agencies for Foreign Service, Inc. With Bishop Swanstrom is Bernard A. Confer, executive secretary, Lutheran World Relief; Frank L. Goffio, executive director of CARE; and James MacCracken, executive director, Church World Service Department, Division of Overseas Ministries, National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A.

Bishop Swanstrom, it is a pleasure to welcome you again to the committee. You have a prepared statement and you may proceed, sir.

STATEMENT OF THE MOST REVEREND EDWARD E. SWANSTROM, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, CATHOLIC RELIEF SERVICES FOR AMERICAN COUNCIL OF VOLUNTARY AGENCIES FOR FOREIGN SERVICE, INC.

Bishop SWANSTROM. My name is Bishop Edward E. Swanstrom. I am appearing here today as honorary chairman of the American Council of Voluntary Agencies for Foreign Service, Inc., and representing that organization. I also happen to be executive director of the Catholic Relief Services-National Catholic Welfare Conference, a member agency of the American council. Included among the 41 member agencies of the council are also such organizations as the American Friends Service Committee, the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, CARE, Inc., Church World Service, Tolstoy Foundation, and many others.

During its 22 years as a privately supported consultative and coordinating federation of the major voluntary foreign service organizations in the United States, representatives of the American council have been honored to meet with members of your committee on several occasions to urge support of foreign aid legislation, and also on occasion to suggest particular items which they deemed deserving of especial support. It is my privilege to represent the American council today in a similar capacity.

I should like to state at the outset that the member agencies of the American Council of Voluntary Agencies for Foreign Service, Inc., today, as in the past, wholeheartedly and unanimously support the principle of foreign aid as an instrument in promoting the welfare and development of needy people overseas.

The member agencies of the American council operate people-topeople service and assistance programs in over 100 countries in the developing regions of the Near East, the Far East (including intensive programs in southeast Asia), Africa, and Latin America. Their more than 600 American oversea personnel work side by side with far larger numbers of other nation and counterpart indigenous personnel, both paid and volunteer, in the operation of these programs, and also maintain close working relationships with U.S. Government foreign aid personnel.

They are thus in a position to observe and report at firsthand both the need of the peoples overseas whom they serve, and the efficacy of the efforts devoted to the alleviation of that need. These observations are matters for discussion and action in the appropriate committees of the American council, and form the basis for the deeply rooted and continuing conviction about, and support for, the humanitarian aspects of the economic foreign aid policies of their government. The member agencies of the American council would like today to speak particularly to three elements of the foreign aid bill currently before this committee. Two of these represent positions taken previously by the Congress, one of them soon after World War II and reaffirmed year after year, concerning the voluntary agencies' participation in programs of assistance to needy peoples, and cooperation with their government in humanitarian efforts of mutual concern both to the Government and to the people of the United States whom we both represent.

These positions have formed the basis of what the American council described first before this committee in 1956 as a "remarkable partnership" between the Congress of the United States "representing the people of America as their elected spokesmen in the Government" and the voluntary agencies "representing the people of the United States as their personal messengers of aid and good will overseas." This partnership has grown and prospered with mutual benefit over the years.

1. The provision for U.S. Government ocean freight reimbursement to the voluntary agencies on material aid supplies furnished through the contributions of their constituencies for distribution overseas, which was first made available to those agencies nearly 20 years ago, has had, and continues increasingly to have a "multiplier" effect on the efforts which the voluntary agencies can bring to bear on their great humanitarian task of alleviating suffering and promoting the development of human resources in needy areas of the world. We thank the Congress for their early understanding of this fact and their faith in the value and efficacy of the voluntary agencies' work. 2. The provision for the use by the voluntary agencies of excess U.S. Government property in their oversea programs was welcomed by them in an earlier enactment of the foreign assistance law as a potentially valuable resource for the enrichment of their programs, particularly now when emphasis increasingly shifts from programs of simple relief to programs of development designed to eliminate the causes of the need for such relief. Although in the first years following the enactment of this provision there was some difficulty in working out mutually useful regulations for its implementation, the agencies are now hopeful that procedures will be developed to bring into full realization the potential of this provision.

3. Finally, the member agencies of the American Council of Voluntary Agencies for Foreign Service wish to commend to your favorable action that feature of the bill which provides for a 5-year authorization of the foreign aid program. The voluntary agencies have long been convinced that long-range programs of development, such as those contemplated under this bill, and whose long-range character is by definition an essential of the program, can most efficiently be planned and carried through when the law authorizing their implementation has a longer lifespan than it has, in general, previously had.

A question perennially before the Congress as it turns, each year, to the business of reenacting foreign aid legislation is, understandably, how long will the people of the United States continue to be willing to support these programs on behalf of faraway peoples in faraway lands.

The voluntary agencies of the American council have confronted this question with respect to their own oversea programs for many years. It is clear that in face of calamities, disasters, and emergencies where need is tangible and easily visualized, the American people respond with a generous outpouring of aid.

But over the past decade, as the voluntary agencies have come to a growing realization that stopgap assistance to meet present need was not enough, and that the causes of need had to be met through programs of social and economic development, and as they presented these propositions to their constituencies, they discovered that the response of the people was not diminished. Contributions to the work of the voluntary agencies holding membership in the American council in money and supplies for their oversea programs have continued at a rate of nearly $200 million a year.

In a position paper adopted by the board of directors of the American Council of Voluntary Agencies for Foreign Service in 1954, the agencies described their work in the following terms:

faith.

An act of assistance on the part of a voluntary agency is an act of

The council believes that continuation of the economic foreign aid program of the United States is also an act of faith-of faith in the people of the United States that they will understand the significance of these programs, and of faith in the people of the countries overseas whom we are helping to help themselves.

Traditionaly it has been said that the willingness of Americans to come to the assistance of fellow men in need derives from the JudeoChristian cultural background which is part of the American heritage. The basis for this willingness seems to us to be even more far reaching at the present time.

With the growing participation of voluntary groups in other countries of the world, it would seem to be evidence of a developing sense of human solidarity in the face either of some dangerous and frightening unknown future that mankind seeks to avert, or of some wonderful vision of a future that can be, which it shares.

The member agencies of the American Council of Voluntary Agencies for Foreign Service have faith that the American people, when they are aware of the stakes and the opportunities, will support legis

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