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the tenets, or points of belief, on which the organization of the Church of England was based.

The "thirteen farms" refers to the thirteen States which originally constituted the American Union.

Page 177.-James K. Paulding was born in Pawling, N. Y., 1779. He wrote poems and novels, and a Life of Washington.

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Page 178.-Miss Caroline F. Orne, a resident of Cambridge, Mass., has written a volume of poems called “Sweet Auburn, and other Poems.”

Page 179.-Thomas Wentworth Higginson, a native of Massachusetts, is one of the most cultivated and elegant of American writers. He is best known as an essayist, and is the author of “Out-Door Papers,” "Atlantic Essays," etc.

Ceylon is a large island in the Indian Ocean which belongs to Great Britain. Kandy is its principal seaport.

Page 183.-Josiah Gilbert Holland, M. D., was born in Belchertown, Mass., in 1819. He has written a good deal over the assumed name of “Timothy Titcomb." Among his books are "Bitter-Sweet," a poem, and a Life of Abraham Lincoln."

Page 186.-Thomas Day was born in London in 1748, and died in 1789. He was the author of many poems and stories, the best of which is "The History of Sanford and Merton," which has been read and admired by many generations of children.

Page 187.-Sheba was a kingdom in Asia, in Solomon's time, famous for its riches.

The Talmud is the Jewish Bible.

Page 189.-John G. Saxe was born in Highgate, Vt., in 1816. He is the author of "Proud Miss McBride," and other humorous poems. Page 192.-George MacDonald is a native of Scotland, and a clergyman. He is a poet and novelist. Among his books are "David Elginbrod" and "Wilfrid Cumbermede."

Page 195.-Thomas Hughes was born in Berkshire, England, in 1823. He is the author of "Tom Brown's School Days," one of the best books for boys ever written, and of "Tom Brown at Oxford.” Rugby is a famous school in England, of which Dr. Arnold was formerly master. Leicester is a neighboring town.

Page 205.-R. H. Newell (“Orpheus C. Kerr") is a New York journalist, and a writer of humorous prose and verse.

Page 213.-King George.-See note to page 48.

EXPLANATORY NOTES.

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Page 214.-Gen. Joseph Warren was an American patriot, born in Roxbury, Mass., in 1741, and killed in the battle of Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775.

Samuel Adams (born 1722) and John Hancock (born 1737) were active promoters of the resistance to British tyranny which led to the Revolutionary war.

The Old South is a church on Washington street, Boston.

Page 217.-Samuel Burnham was born in New Hampshire, about 1830, and graduated at Williams College. He wrote much for periodicals, but published no books. He died in 1873.

Demosthenes, believed to be the greatest orator that ever lived, was born at Athens, Greece, B. C. 382.

Philip, King of Macedon, waged long wars against Athens.

Tully is one of the names of Cicero, the famous Roman orator, who was born 106 B. C.

Catiline was a Roman noble (born 108 B. c.) who plotted against the government.

Page 218.-William Allen Butler was born in Albany, N. Y., in 1825. He is the author of several satirical poems, the best known of which is "Nothing to Wear."

Page 219.-Lexington, a town in Middlesex county, Mass., and twelve miles from Boston, was the scene of the first battle or skirmish in the Revolutionary war.

Major Pitcairn commanded the British troops, and Capt. Parker the undisciplined farmers who confronted them.

Page 221.-The story of David and Goliath, as told in the Bible, is familiar to all.

Philistia was the country of Goliath, and Dagon was a god worshiped by his countrymen.

Page 222.-Hannah More was born in England in 1745. She wrote plays, poems and essays.

Page 226.-Charles Dickens, the most famous novelist of his time, was born at Portsmouth, England, in 1812, and died in 1870. He was the author of "The Pickwick Papers," "Oliver Twist," "Nicholas Nickleby,” “David Copperfield,” etc.

Page 231.-Washington Irving was born in New York city in 1783. He was one of the earliest and one of the most distinguished of American authors. His best-known books are "The Conquest of Granada," ,” “The Life of Christopher Columbus," "The Life of Washington," "Knickerbocker's History of New York," and "The Sketch Book."

Logan was a Scotch clergyman, eminent as a poet, theologian and phi osopher. He was born in 1748, and died in 1788.

Platæa was a city of ancient Greece. In the year 479 B. c. it was the scene of a glorious victory won by the Greeks over the Persians.

Page 232.-Fitz-Greene Halleck was born in Guilford, Conn., in 1790. He was one of the earliest American writers, and was very popular in his day.

The Suliotes were a tribe of Greeks who were active in their resistance to the Turks in the Greek war for independence.

Bozzaris (pronounced Bot-sär'-Is or Boz-zar'-is) was their leader. Moslem is a name applied to the Turks, who are followers of Mohammed.

Page 287.-Hans Christian Andersen was born in Funen, Denmark, in 1805. He is one of the most gifted and successful of writers of books for the young. His "Wonder Stories" and "The Story of my Life" are prime favorites with children.

Page 238.-Rev. James Hurdis was born in England in 1763. He wrote "The Village Curate" and other poems.

British fugitives were persons who, during the Revolutionary war, sympathizing with Great Britain, left the United States, and desired to return at the close of the war.

Page 240.-Patrick Henry, one of the first of American patriots, was born in Virginia in 1736. He was a great orator, and did much to encourage Americans in resistance to British tyranny.

Page 246.-Janiculum was a gate in the wall of Rome.

Consul.

At one time the government of ancient Rome was vested in a consul, whose position was not unlike that of the President of the United States.

Ramnian and Tatian were names applied to two different tribes of Romans.

Page 247.-Etruria was a region of Italy.

Page 248.-Palatinus was the name of a hill.
The Tiber is a river which flows through Rome.

Page 249.-Thomas Babington Macaulay (afterward Baron Macaulay) was born in England in 1800. He was one of the greatest of English writers, was a poet, essayist, and a historian.

Page 253.-Charles Swain, known as the "Manchester poet," was born in that city (England) in 1803. He wrote several volumes of poetry, the best of which is "Dryburgh Abbey."

EXPLANATORY NOTES.

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Cornwall is the name borne by a certain part of England, and Cornish is the adjective belonging to it, as Virginian is the adjective of Virginia.

Page 254.-Thomas Carlyle was born in Scotland in 1795. He is one of the ablest and most famous writers of the century. His “History of the French Revolution" and his "Life of Frederick the Great" are considered his best works.

Page 255.-Benjamin P. Shillaber is a native of Portsmouth, N. H., and a writer of humorous prose and verse. He is widely known as "Mrs. Partington."

Page 259.-The Lively, Falcon and Cerberus were vessels of the British fleet which lay in the harbor during the battle of Bunker Hill. Col. Prescott was commander of the American troops, and Israel Putnam, afterward general, was an officer in the same action.

Page 261.-Frederick S. Cozzens was born in New York in 1818. His principal contribution to literature is "The Sparrowgrass Papers.” Page 262.—The Azores is the name given to a group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean. They are sometimes called the Western Islands.

Page 264.-Joel T. Headley was born in Delaware county, N. Y., in 1814. He is the author of “Napoleon and his Marshals," a “Life of Oliver Cromwell,” etc.

Page 265.—Marmion and Douglas are characters in the poem of “Marmion,” which treats of events in Scotland that immediately preceded the famous battle of Flodden, in which the Scotch were defeated by the English.

Tantallon was the castle of Douglas.

Page 266.—Sir Walter Scott was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1791. He was one of the best writers of fiction that ever lived, and was also distinguished as a poet.

Page 274.-John Clare, son of a poor peasant, was born in England in 1793. He had no school education, but he wrote poems, chiefly in praise of nature, that have been warmly admired.

Page 280.-Wm. E. Aytoun was born in Scotland in 1813. He was a poet and critic. His best work is “Lays of the Scottish Cavaliers." Page 284.-Fitz-James O'Brien, a native of Ireland, came to this country when quite young, and devoting himself to literature, became famous as a poet and writer of short stories. He was killed in battle during the war of the Rebellion.

Page 287.-The royal family who had occupied the French throne for hundreds of years before the French Revolution of 1793 were called Bourbons. After the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo one of them reäscended the throne, and his return was called the Restoration.

Page 289.-Joseph C. Neal was born in Greenland, N. H., in 1807, and died in 1847. He was the author of "Charcoal Sketches" and other humorous books.

Page 290.-Gen. Robert E. Lee was commander-in-chief of the Confederate troops during the war of the Rebellion.

Gen. Thomas J. Jackson (usually called "Stonewall") was one of his principal officers.

Page 294.-Rev. Edward Nares was born in London in 1762. His principal work was a novel called "Thinks I to Myself."

Page 297.-Matthew Arnold, a son of Dr. Arnold of Rugby, was born in 1822. He is a poet and essayist.

Thomas Moore was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1799. He wrote a great number of poems, including "Irish Melodies" and "Lalla Rookh."

Page 298.-The Irish Disturbance Bill was an act introduced in the British Parliament for the purpose of securing better order in Ireland, where men were lawless and violent..

Page 299.-Daniel O'Connell was a famous Irish patriot.

Page 302.-William Makepeace Thackeray was born in Calcutta in 1811. He wrote several novels, "Vanity Fair," "Pendennis," etc., which rank among the best in the language. He died in 1863.

Page 303.-Thomas Francis Meagher was born in Waterford, Ireland, in 1823. He came to the United States in 1852, and was a general in the Union army during the war of the Rebellion.

Page 304.-Arthur Hugh Clough was born at Liverpool, England, in 1819. He was a poet of rare powers. He died in 1861.

Sebastian Cabot, Francis Drake, Dampier and Frobisher were bold adventurers of the sixteenth century who crossed the Atlantic and visited America.

Ptolemy was the earliest geographer.

Page 307.-James Beattie was a Scottish poet, born in 1735. He was the author of "The Minstrel" and other poems.

Page 311.-Alice Cary was born near Cincinnati, O., in 1822. She wrote much in prose and verse, and ranked among the best female poets of America. Her sister Phoebe also wrote poetry.

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