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lies it is hereby stipulated and agreed, that any vessel which shall be owned exclusively by a citizen or citizens of any, or either, of them, and of which the master shall also be a citizen of any, or either of them, and provided three fourths of the crew shall be citizens or subjects of any or either of the said Republics, or of any, or either of the States of the Confederation of Germany, such vessel, so owned, and navigated, shall, for all the purposes of this Convention, be taken to be and considered as, a vessel belonging to Lubeck, Bremen, or Hamburg.

ARTICLE V.

Any vessel, together with her cargo, belonging to either of the free Hanseatic Republics of Lubeck, Bremen, or Hamburg, and coming from either of the said ports, to the United States, shall, for all the purposes of this Convention, be deemed to have cleared from the Republic to which such vessel belongs; although, in fact, it may not have been the one from which she departed; and any vessel of the United States, and her cargo, trading to the ports of Lubeck, Bremen, or Hamburg, directly, or in succession, shall, for the like purposes, be on the footing of a Hanseatic vessel, and her cargo, making the same

voyage.

ARTICLE VI.

It is, likewise, agreed, that it shall be wholly free for all merchants, commanders of ships, and other citizens of both Parties, to manage, themselves their own business, in all the ports and places subject to the jurisdiction of each other, as well with respect to the consignment and sale of their goods and merchandize, by wholesale or retail, as with respect to the loading, unloading, and sending off their ships, submitting themselves to the laws, decrees, and usages there established, to which native citizens are subjected; they being in all these eases, to be treated as citizens of the Republic in which they reside, or, at least, to be placed on a footing with the citizens or subjects of the most favored nation.

ARTICLE VII.

The Citizens of each of the Contracting Parties shall have power to dispose of their personal goods, within the jurisdiction of the other, by sale, donation, testament, or otherwise; and their representatives, being citizens of the other Party, shall succeed to their said personal goods, whether by testament, or ab intestato, and they may take possession thereof, either by themselves or others acting for them, and dispose of the same at their will, paying such dues only as the inhabitants of the country wherein said goods are, shall be subject to pay in like cases: and if, in the case of real estate, the said heirs would be prevented from entering into the possession of the inheritance, on account of their character of aliens, there shall be granted to them the term of three years to dispose of the same, as they may think proper, and to withdraw the proceeds, without molestation, and exempt from all duties of detraction, on the part of the Government of the respective States.

HANOVER.

Hanover was conquered and merged into Prussia in 1866, and is now included in the German Empire, p. 192.

1840.

TREATY OF COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION.

Concluded May 20, 1840; ratification advised by the Senate July 15, 1840; ratified by the President July 28, 1840; ratifications exchanged November 14, 1840; proclaimed January 2, 1841. (Treaties and Conventions, 1889, p. 528.)

This treaty, consisting of ten articles, was superseded by the Treaty of 1846.

1846.

TREATY OF COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION.

Concluded June 10, 1846; ratification advised by the Senate January 6, 1847; ratified by the President July 28, 1847; ratifications exchanged March 15, 1847; proclaimed April 24, 1847. (Treaties and Conventions, 1889, p. 523.)

This treaty of thirteen articles terminated on the merging of the country into the Kingdom of Prussia.

Federal case: Valk v. U. S. et al, 29 Ct. Cl., 62.

1855.

EXTRADITION TREATY.

Concluded January 18, 1855; ratification advised by the Senate March 13, 1855; ratified by the President March 18, 1855; ratifications exchanged April 17, 1855; proclaimed May 5, 1855. (Treaties and Conventions, 1889, p. 528.)

This treaty of six articles terminated in 1866 when Hanover was merged into the Kingdom of Prussia.

1861.

*CONVENTION ABOLISHING STADE OR BRUNSHAUSEN DUES.

Concluded November 6, 1861; ratification advised by the Senate February 3, 1862; ratified by the President February 7, 1862; ratifications exchanged April 29, 1862; proclaimed June 17, 1862. (Treaties and Conventions, 1889, p. 530.)

This treaty, consisting of seven articles, terminated on the incorporation of the Kingdom into Prussia.

HANSEATIC REPUBLICS.

(BREMEN, HAMBURG, AND LUBECK.)

The Hanseatic Republics were incorporated into the North German Union July 1, 1867. (Page 466.)

1827.

CONVENTION OF FRIENDSHIP, COMMERCE, AND NAVIGATION.

Concluded December 20, 1827; ratification advised by the Senate January 7, 1828; ratified by the President; ratifications exchanged June 2, 1828; proclaimed June 2, 1828. (Treaties and Conventions, 1889, p. 533.)

I. Equality of duties.

II. Import and export duties.
III. Government purchases.

IV. Proof of Hanseatic vessels.
V. Rights to trade.

VI. Commercial privileges.

ARTICLES.

VII. Property rights.

VIII. Special protection to persons and
property.

IX. Most favored nation privileges.
X. Duration.
XI. Ratification.

The United States of America, on the one part, and the Republic and free Hanseatic City of Lubeck, the Republic and free Hanseatic City of Bremen, and the Republic and free Hanseatic City of Hamburg, (each State for itself separately,) on the other part, being desirous to give greater facility to their commercial intercourse, and to place the privileges of their navigation on a basis of the most extended liberality, have resolved to fix in a manner clear, distinct and positive, the rules which shall be observed between the one and the other, by means of a Convention of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation.

For the attainment of this most desirable object, the President of the United States of America has conferred Full Powers on Henry Clay, their Secretary of State; and the Senate of the Republic and free Hanseatic City of Lubeck, the Senate of the Republic and free Hanseatic City of Bremen, and the Senate of the Republic and free Hanseatic City of Hamburg, have conferred Full Powers on Vincent Rumpff, their Minister Plenipotentiary near the United States of America; who, after having exchanged their said Full Powers, found in due and proper form, have agreed to the following articles:

ARTICLE I.

The Contracting Parties agree, That whatever kind of produce, manufacture, or merchandise of any foreign country can be from time to time, lawfully imported into the United States, in their own vessels, may be also imported in vessels of the said free Hanseatic Republics

Federal case: North German Lloyd S. S. Co. v. Hedden, 43 Fed. Rep., 17.

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of Lubeck, Bremen and Hamburg; and that no higher, or other duties, upon the tonnage or cargo of the vessel, shall be levied or collected, whether the importation be made in vessels of the United States, or of either of the said Hanseatic Republics. And, in like manner, that whatever kind of produce, manufacture or merchandise of any foreign country, can be, from time to time, lawfully imported into either of the said Hanseatic Republics, in its own vessels, may be also imported in vessels of the United States; and that no higher, or other, duties upon the tonnage or cargo of the vessel, shall be levied or collected, whether the importation be made in vessels of the one Party or of the other. And they further agree, that whatever may be lawfully exported, or re-exported, by one party, in its own vessels, to any foreign country, may, in like manner, be exported, or re-exported, in the vessels of the other Party. And the same bounties, duties and draw-backs shall be allowed and collected, whether such exportation or re-exportation be made in vessels of the one Party or of the other. Nor shall higher or other, charges, of any kind, be imposed in the ports of the one Party, on vessels of the other, than are or shall be payable, in the same ports by national vessels.

ARTICLE II.

No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the United States, of any article, the produce or manufacture of the free Hanseatic Republics of Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburg; and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into either of the said Republics, of any article the produce or manufacture of the United States, than are, or shall be payable on the like article being the produce or manufacture of any other foreign country; nor shall any other, or higher, duties or charges be imposed by either Party on the exportation of any articles to the United States or to the free Hanseatic Republics of Lubeck, Bremen, or Hamburg, respectively, than such as are, or shall be, payable on the exportation of the like articles, to any other foreign country; nor shall any prohibition be imposed, on the importation or exportation of any article, the produce or manufacture of the United States, or of the free Hanseatic Republics of Lubeck, Bremen or Hamburg, to, or from, the ports of the United States; or to, or from the ports of the other Party, which shall not equally extend to all other nations.

ARTICLE III.

No priority or preference shall be given, directly, or indirectly, by any or either of the Contracting Parties, nor by any Company, Corporation, or Agent, acting on their behalf, or under their authority, in the purchase of any article, the growth, produce, or manufacture of their States, respectively, imported into the other, on account of, or in reference, to the character of the vessel, whether it be of the one Party, or of the other, in which such article was imported: it being the true intent and meaning of the Contracting Parties that no distinction or difference whatever shall be made in this respect.

ARTICLE IV.

In consideration of the limited extent of the territories of the Republies of Lubeck, Bremen and Hamburg, and of the intimate connection of trade and navigation subsisting between these Repub

lies it is hereby stipulated and agreed, that any vessel which shall be owned exclusively by a citizen or citizens of any, or either, of them, and of which the master shall also be a citizen of any, or either of them, and provided three fourths of the crew shall be citizens or subjects of any or either of the said Republics, or of any, or either of the States of the Confederation of Germany, such vessel, so owned, and navigated, shall, for all the purposes of this Convention, be taken to be and considered as, a vessel belonging to Lubeck, Bremen, or Hamburg.

ARTICLE V.

Any vessel, together with her cargo, belonging to either of the free Hanseatic Republics of Lubeck, Bremen, or Hamburg, and coming from either of the said ports, to the United States, shall, for all the purposes of this Convention, be deemed to have cleared from the Republic to which such vessel belongs; although, in fact, it may not have been the one from which she departed; and any vessel of the United States, and her cargo, trading to the ports of Lubeck, Bremen, or Hamburg, directly, or in succession, shall, for the like purposes, be on the footing of a Hanseatic vessel, and her cargo, making the same voyage.

ARTICLE VI.

It is, likewise, agreed, that it shall be wholly free for all merchants, commanders of ships, and other citizens of both Parties, to manage, themselves their own business, in all the ports and places subject to the jurisdiction of each other, as well with respect to the consignment and sale of their goods and merchandize, by wholesale or retail, as with respect to the loading, unloading, and sending off their ships, submitting themselves to the laws, decrees, and usages there established, to which native citizens are subjected; they being in all these cases, to be treated as citizens of the Republic in which they reside, or, at least, to be placed on a footing with the citizens or subjects of the most favored nation.

ARTICLE VII.

The Citizens of each of the Contracting Parties shall have power to dispose of their personal goods, within the jurisdiction of the other, by sale, donation, testament, or otherwise; and their representatives, being citizens of the other Party, shall succeed to their said personal goods, whether by testament, or ab intestato, and they may take possession thereof, either by themselves or others acting for them, and dispose of the same at their will, paying such dues only as the inhabitants of the country wherein said goods are, shall be subject to pay in like cases: and if, in the case of real estate, the said heirs would be prevented from entering into the possession of the inheritance, on account of their character of aliens, there shall be granted to them the term of three years to dispose of the same, as they may think proper, and to withdraw the proceeds, without molestation, and exempt from all duties of detraction, on the part of the Government of the respective States.

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