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Concluded October 21, 1862; ratification advised by the Senate January 9, 1863; ratified by the President January 12, 1863; ratifications exchanged February 17, 1863; proclaimed March 18, 1863. (Treaties and Conventions, 1889, p. 631.)

I. Amity.

II. Freedom of commerce.

III. No discrimination in vessels.

IV. Imports and exports.

V. Shipwrecks and salvage.

ARTICLES.

VI. Most favored nation privileges.
VII. Consuls.

VIII. Noninterference in Liberia.
IX. Ratification.

The United States of America and the Republic of Liberia, desiring to fix, in a permanent and equitable manner, the rules to be observed in the intercourse and commerce they desire to establish between their respective countries have agreed for this purpose to conclude a treaty of commerce and navigation, and have judged that the said end cannot be better obtained than by taking the most perfect equality and reciprocity for the basis of their agreement: and to effect this they have named as their respective Plenipotentiaries, that is to say: The President of the United States of America, Charles Francis Adams, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America at the Court of St. James: and The Republic of Liberia, His Excellency Stephen Allen Benson, President thereof, who after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon the following Articles:

ARTICLE I.

There shall be perpetual peace and friendship between the United States of America and the Republic of Liberia, and also between the citizens of both countries.

ARTICLE II.

There shall be reciprocal freedom of commerce between the United States of America and the Republic of Liberia. The citizens of the United States of America may reside in, and trade to, any part of the territories of the Republic of Liberia to which any other foreigners are or shall be admitted. They shall enjoy full protection for their persons and properties, they shall be allowed to buy from and to sell to whom they like without being restrained or prejudiced by any

monopoly, contract, or exclusive privilege of sale or purchase whatever; and they shall, moreover enjoy all other rights and privileges which are or may be granted to any other foreigners, subjects or citizens of the most favored nation. The citizens of the Republic of Liberia shall, in return, enjoy similar protection and privileges in the United States of America and in their territories.

ARTICLE III.

No tonnage, import, or other duties or charges shall be levied in the Republic of Liberia on United States vessels, or on goods imported or exported in United States vessels, beyond what are or may be levied on national vessels, or on the like goods imported or exported in national vessels; and in like manner, no tonnage, import, or other duties or charges shall be levied in the United States of America and their Territories on the vessels of the Republic of Liberia, or on goods imported or exported in those vessels, beyond what are or may be levied on national vessels, or on the like goods imported or exported in national vessels.

ARTICLE IV.

Merchandise or goods coming from the United States of America. in any vessels, or imported in United States vessels from any country, shall not be prohibited by the Republic of Liberia, nor be subject to higher duties than are levied on the same kinds of merchandise or goods coming from any other foreign country or imported in any other foreign vessels.

All articles the produce of the Republic of Liberia may be exported therefrom by citizens of the United States and United States vessels, on as favorable terms as by the citizens and vessels of any other foreign country.

In like manner all merchandise or goods coming from the Republic of Liberia in any vessels, or imported in Liberian vessels from any country, shall not be prohibited by the United States of America, nor be subject to higher duties than are levied on the same kinds of merchandise or goods coming from any other foreign country or imported in any other foreign vessels. All articles the produce of the United States, or of their territories, may be imported therefrom by Liberian citizens and Liberian vessels on as favorable terms as by the citizens and vessels of any other foreign country.

ARTICLE V.

When any vessel of either of the contracting parties shall be wrecked, foundered, or otherwise damaged, on the coasts or within the territories of the other, the respective citizens shall receive the greatest possible aid as well for themselves as for their vessels and effects. All possible aid shall be given to protect their property from being plundered and their persons from ill treatment. Should a dispute arise as to the salvage, it shall be settled by arbitration, to be chosen by the parties respectively.

ARTICLE VI.

It being the intention of the two contracting parties to bind themselves by the present Treaty to treat each other on the footing of the most favored nation, it is hereby agreed between them, that any favor,

privilege or immunity whatever in matters of Commerce and Navigation, which either contracting party has actually granted, or may hereafter grant, to the subjects or citizens of any other State, shall be extended to the citizens of the other contracting party, gratuitously, if the concession in favor of that other State shall have been gratuitous, or in return for a compensation as nearly as possible of proportionate value and effect, to be adjusted by mutual agreement, if the concession shall have been conditional.

ARTICLE VII.

Each contracting party may appoint Consuls for the protection of Trade, to reside in the dominions of the other; but no such Consul shall enter upon the exercise of his functions until he shall have been approved and admitted, in the usual form, by the Government of the country to which he is sent.

ARTICLE VIII.

The United States Government engages never to interfere, unless solicited by the Government of Liberia, in the affairs between the aboriginal inhabitants and the Government of the Republic of Liberia, in the jurisdiction and territories of the Republic. Should any United States citizen suffer loss in person or property from violence by the aboriginal inhabitants, and the Government of the Republic of Liberia should not be able to bring the aggressor to justice the United States Government engages, a requisition having been first made therefor by the Liberian Government, to lend such aid as may be required. Citizens of the United States residing in the territories of the Republic of Liberia are desired to abstain from all such intercourse with the aboriginal inhabitants as will tend to the violation of law and a disturbance of the peace of the country.

ARTICLE IX.

The present Treaty shall be ratified and the Ratifications exchanged at London within the space of nine months from the date hereof.

In testimony whereof the Plenipotentiaries before mentioned, have hereto, subscribed their names and affixed their seals.

Done at London the Twenty first day of October, in the year one thousand eight hundred and sixty two.

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LUBEC.

(SEE HANSEATIC REPUBLICS.)

LUXEMBURG.

1883.

EXTRADITION CONVENTION.

Concluded October 29, 1883; ratification advised by the Senate July 4, 1884; ratified by the President July 5, 1884; ratifications exchanged July 14, 1884; proclaimed August 12, 1884. (Treaties and Conventions, 1889, p. 634.)

I. Delivery of accused.

II. Extraditable crimes.

III. Trials of persons surrendered.

IV. Political offenses.

V. Delivery of citizens.

VI. Persons under arrest.

ARTICLES.

The United-States of America and

VII. Procedure.

VIII. Expenses.

IX. Limitations.

X. Articles in possession of accused. XI. Duration; ratification.

His Majesty the King of the Netherlands, Grand-Duke of Luxemburg,

having judged it expedient, with a view to the better administration of justice and the prevention of crime within their respective territories and jurisdictions, that persons charged with or convicted of the crimes and offenses hereinafter enumerated, and being fugitives from justice, should, under certain circumstances be reciprocally delivered up, have resolved to conclude a convention for that purpose and have appointed as their Plenipotentiaries:

The President of the United States of America, M: A. A. Sargent, His Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to His Majesty the Emperor of Germany at Berlin;

and

His Majesty the King of the Netherlands, Grand-Duke of Luxemburg, Dr Paul Eyschen, His Director general of the Department of justice and Chargé d'Affaires of the Grand-Duchy of Luxemburg at Berlin, Chevalier of the 2nd class of the Order of the Golden Lion of the House of Nassau, Commander of the Order of the Crown of Oak and of that of the Lion of the Netherlands, etc, etc, etc.

Who, after having communicated to each other their respective fullpowers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following articles:

ARTICLE I.

The Government of the United-States and the Government of Luxemburg mutually agree to deliver up persons who, having been charged as principals or accessories, with or convicted of any of the crimes

and offenses specified in the following article, committed within the jurisdiction of one of the contracting parties, shall seek an asylum or be found within the territories of the other. Provided that this shall only be done upon such evidence of criminality as, according to the laws of the place where the fugitive or person so charged shall be found, would justify his or her apprehension and commitment for trial if the crime had been there committed.

ARTICLE II.

Persons shall be delivered up who shall have been convicted of or be charged, according to the provisions of the convention, with any of the following crimes:

1° Murder, comprehending the crimes designated in the penal Code of Luxemburg by the terms of parricide, assassination, poisoning and infanticide;

2° The attempt to commit murder;

3° Rape, or attempt to commit rape, bigamy, abortion;

4° Arson;

5° Piracy or mutiny on shipboard whenever the crew or part thereof shall have taken possession of the vessel by fraud or by violence against the commander;

6° The crime of burglary defined to be the act of breaking and entering by night into the house of another with the intent to commit felony; and the crime of robbery, defined to be the act of feloniously and forcible taking from the person of another money or goods by violence or putting him in fear; and the corresponding crimes punished by the laws of Luxemburg under the description of thefts committed in an inhabited house by night and by breaking in, by climbing or forcibly; and thefts committed with violence or by means of threats;

7° The crime of forgery by which is understood the utterance of forged papers, and also the counterfeiting of public, sovereign, or goyernmental acts;

8° The fabrication or circulation of counterfeit money, either coin or paper, or of counterfeit public bonds, coupons of the public debt, bank-notes, obligations, or, in general, anything being a title or instrument of credit; the counterfeiting of seals and dies, impressions, stamps and marks of State and public administrations and the utterance thereof;

9° The embezzlement of public moneys committed within the jurisdiction of either party by public officers or depositaries;

10° Embezzlement by any person or persons hired or salaried to the detriment of their employers, when the crime is subject to punishment by the laws of the place where it was committed;

11° Wilful and unlawful destruction or obstruction of rail-roads which endangers human life;

12° Reception of articles obtained by means of one of the crimes or offenses provided for by the present convention,

Extradition may also be granted for the attempt to commit any of the crimes above enumerated, when such attempt is punishable by the laws of both contracting parties.

ARTICLE III.

A person surrendered under this convention shall not be tried or punished in the country to which his extradition has been granted, nor given up to a third power for a crime or offense not provided for

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