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shall be given, diplomatically, to the Government of the French Republic, and by the latter to the other signatory Governments.

ARTICLE XV.

It is understood that the stipulations of this Convention shall in no wise affect the liberty of action of belligerents.

ARTICLE XVI.

This Convention shall take effect on such day as shall be agreed upon by the High Contracting Parties.

It shall remain in force for five years from that day, and, in case none of the High Contracting Parties shall have given notice, twelve months previously to the expiration of said period of five years, of its intention to cause its effects to cease, it shall continue in force for one year, and so on from year to year.

In case one of the Signatory Powers shall give notice of its desire for the cessation of the effects of the Convention, such notice shall be effective as regards that Power only.

ARTICLE XVII.

This Convention shall be ratified; its ratifications shall be exchanged at Paris as speedily as possible, and within one year at the latest. In testimony whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed it, and have thereunto affixed their seals.

Done in twenty-six copies, at Paris, this 14th day of March, 1884. [SEAL.] HENRY VIGNAUD.

[SEAL.]

L. P.MORTON.

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ADDITIONAL ARTICLE.

The stipulations of the Convention concluded this day for the protection of submarine cables shall be applicable, according to Article I., to the colonies and possessions of Her Britannic Majesty with the exception of those named below, to wit:

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Nevertheless, the stipulations of the said Convention shall be applicable to one of the above-named colonies or possessions, if, in their [its?] name, a notification to that effect has been addressed by the representative of Her Britannic Majesty at Paris to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of France.

Each of the above-named Colonies or possessions that shall have adhered to the said Convention, shall have the privilege of withdrawing in the same manner as the contracting powers. In case one of the colonies or possessions in question shall desire to withdraw from the Convention, a notification to that effect shall be addressed by Her Britannic Majesty's representative at Paris to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of France.

Done in twenty-six copies at Paris, this fourteenth day of March, 1884.

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1886.

DECLARATION RESPECTING THE INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLES II AND IV OF THE CONVENTION OF MARCH 14, 1884, FOR THE PROTECTION OF SUBMARINE CABLES.

Signed at Paris December 1, 1886; ratification advised by the Senate February 20, 1888; ratified by the President March 1, 1888; proclaimed May 1, 1888. (Treaties and Conventions, 1889, p. 1184.)

[Translation.]

The undersigned, Plenipotentiaries of the signatory Governments of the Convention of March 14, 1884, for the protection of submarine cables, having recognized the expediency of defining the sense of the terms of Articles II and IV, of the said convention, have prepared by common accord the following declaration:

Certain doubts having arisen as to the meaning of the word “wilfully" inserted in Article II of the convention of the 14th of March, 1884, it is understood that the imposition of penal responsibility, mentioned in the said article, does not apply to cases of breaking or of injuries occasioned accidentally or necessarily in repairing a cable, when all precautions have been taken to avoid such breakings or damages.

It is likewise understood that Article IV of the convention has no other object and is to have no other effect than to charge the competent tribunals of each country with the determination, conformably to their laws and according to circumstances, of the question of the civil responsibility of the owner of a cable, who, by the laying or repairing of such cable, causes the breaking or injury of another cable, and also of the consequences of that responsibility, if it is found to exist.

Done at Paris, December 1, 1886, and March 23, 1887, for Germany.

ROBERT M. MCLANE.
MÜNSTER.

JOSÉ C. PAZ.

GOLUCHOWSKI.
BEYENS.

ARINOS.

R. FERNÁNDES.
MOLTKE-IIVITFELDT.
EMANUEL DE ALMEDA.

J. L. ALBAREDA.

C. D. FREYCINET.
LYONS.

CRISANTO MEDINA.

N. S. DELYANNI.

L. L. MENABREA.
HARA.

ESSAD.

A. DE STUERS.
COMPTE DE VALBOM

V. ALECSANDRI.

KOTZEBUE.

E. PECTOR.

J. MARINOVITCH.
C. LEWENHAUPT.
JUAN J. DIAZ.

1887.

FINAL PROTOCOL OF AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND OTHER POWERS FIXING MAY 1ST, 1888, AS THE DATE OF EFFECT OF THE CONVENTION CONCLUDED AT PARIS MARCH 14, 1884, FOR THE PROTECTION OF SUBMARINE CABLES.

Signed at Paris July 7, 1887; ratification advised by the Senate February 20, 1888; ratified by the President March 1, 1888; proclaimed May 1, 1888. (Treaties and Conventions, 1889, p. 1184.)

[Translation.]

The undersigned, Plenipotentiaries of the Governments, parties to the Convention of March 14, 1884, for the protection of submarine cables, having met at Paris for the purpose of fixing, in pursuance of article 16 of that international instrument, a date for putting the said convention into execution, have agreed upon the following:

I. The International Convention of March 14, 1884, for the protection of submarine cables, shall go into operation on the 1st day of May, 1888, provided, however, that at that date those of the contracting Governments that have not yet adopted the measures provided for by article 12 of the said international instrument, shall have conformed to that stipulation.

II. The measures which shall have been taken by the said States in execution of article 12 aforesaid, shall be made known to the other contracting Powers through the French Government, which is charged with the examination of the said measures.

III. The Government of the French Republic is likewise charged with the examination of the similar legislative and reglementary provisions which are to be adopted, in their respective countries, in pursuance of article 12, by such States as have not taken part in the Convention, and as may desire to avail themselves of the privilege of accession, for which provision is made in article 14.

In testimony whereof, the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have adopted this final protocol, which shall be considered as forming an integral part of the International Convention of March 14, 1884. Done at Paris, July 7, 1887.

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1886.

CONVENTION FOR INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE OF OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS, SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY PUBLICATIONS.

Concluded at Brussels March 15, 1886; ratification advised by the Senate June 18, 1888; ratified by the President July 19, 1888; ratifications exchanged January 14, 1889; proclaimed January 15, 1889. (U. S. Stats., Vol. 25, p. 1465.)

(The text is reprinted from the translation made in the Department of State and proclaimed by the President with the original treaty, which is in the French language.)

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The President of the United States of America, His Majesty the King of the Belgians, His Majesty the Emperor of Brazil, Her Majesty the Queen Regent of Spain, His Majesty the King of Italy, His Majesty the King of Portugal and of the Algarves, His Majesty the King of Servia, The Federal Council of the Swiss Confederation, desiring to establish, on the bases adopted by the Conference which met at Brussels from the 10th to the 14th April 1883, a system of international exchanges of the official documents and of the scientific and literary publications of their respective States, have appointed for their Plenipotentiaries, to wit:

The President of the United States of America, Mr. Lambert Tree, Minister Resident of the United States of America at Brussels,

His Majesty the King of the Belgians, The Prince de Caraman, His Minister of Foreign Affairs, and the Chevalier de Moreau, His Minister of Agriculture, Industry and Public Works,

His Majesty the Emperor of Brazil, The Count de Villeneuve, His Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary near His Majesty the King of the Belgians,

Her Majesty the Queen Regent of Spain, Mr. de Tavira, Chargé d'Affaires ad-interim of Spain at Brussels,

His Majesty the King of Italy, the Marquis Maffei, His Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary near His Majesty the King of the Belgians,

His Majesty the King of Portugal and of the Algarves, the Baron de Sant' Anna, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of His Very Faithful Majesty.

His Majesty the King of Servia, Mr. Marinovitch, His Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary near His Majesty the King of the Belgians,

The Federal Council of the Swiss Confederation, Mr. Rivier its special Plenipotentiary.

Who, after having communicated between themselves their full powers, which are found in good and due form, have agreed upon the following Articles:

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