063.105.078.81.82.90 12.5.059.115.083.90.76.82 20.07.5.067.113.026 1130.486 30.455 .603-11.9 5.0-11.9.02.031.021.75.82.78 W NW 12 .762 -569 .439-19.9 11.7 2.1 016.068.042 80.82.84 ENE 13 29.825 29.763 29.911| 11.1 38.4 14 .358 .207 .856 12.0 17.3 15 .725 .795 .863 38.0 46 1 16 .750 779 .785 .855 .615 .597 .780 -862 19 .905 .956 30.185 .983 30.0 36.0 20 30.202 30.030 29.908 21 27.537 29.604 29.902 15.9 28.4 22 .883 -782 .752 21.4 41.0 23 .605 .562 .757 42.0 50.0 .370 .434 .697 41.6 42.9 29.9 35.0 13.28 12.22 6.82 1.9 1.5 .059.076 040.90.84.83 w by sw by N N W 6.2.038.083.057) 81.64.79 W N ws by ws EbE 6.13 0.38 2.22 NE NEbE NbE 8.81 0.40 2.23 26.5.082.091.147.83.87.90 E b N NEDENE bE 12.51 9.37 2.62 35.1.144.303.186.83.89.84 s b w 40.9.169.337.253.82.87.92 S S E SE by s 30.9.224.282.171.89.87.89 SE 10.1.061.074.066.88.83.87 N W .90.87.86 ss E w by N wbN 10.31 9.53 4.83 11.7.081.084.066.84.73.76 E NE NE b ENE b E14.32 6.53 8.63 36.4.217.282.200.90.86.90s w b wswbw ENE 35.5.203.210.187.91.90.89 NE byE NEBE 31.5.182.218.182 91.90.91 ss WNE byE N bw 27.8.171.199 144.90.87.88 w by NNEbNSEDE 3.00 4.90 4-65 15.6.106.140.098.87.80.88 NE byE NE NE b E31.72 15.75 5.33 17.0.051.104.096.85.74.83 NE NEBENE b E17.80 10-20 8.37 23.6.087.161.141.78.89.90 NE b Ew by N S W 1.47 8.70 9.70 33.0.123.240.187.79.87.90 sw b w sw b w sw b w 5.87 6.81 12-08 33.5.152.225.175.82.79.91 sw b w swb w sw b w 14.99 9.01 0.62 40.5.199.304.227.89.80.85 S SE S swbN 1.98 0.00 0.20 30.1.243.233.160.85.79.86 w sw w swNW b N 26.61 15.82 18.00 5.7.075.070.058.80.73.89 N W N W 24.07 11.33 18-70 12.3.013.096.083.87.83.83 N EbN swb SSE b E18.70 11.87 1.36 9.6.079.115.079.88.82.89 MONTHLY METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER, ST. MARTIN, ISLE JESUS, CANADA EAST-FEBRUARY, 1857. (NINE MILES WEST OF MONTREAL.) BY CHARLES SMALLWOOD, M. D., LL.D. Latitude-45 deg. 32 min. North. Longitude-73 deg. 36 min. West. Height above the Level of the Sea-118 feet. WSW w by swb s 19.85 Velocity in miles 6A.M. 2P.M. 10PM 5.02 W SE SW 6 A. M. 2 P. M. 10 P. M. EbN 6.06 1.22 0.30 SE 140 0.41 Snow. 1.70 Cir. Str. 10. C. Str. 10. Do. 10. Rain. Do. S. C. C. Str. 9. C. C. S. 6. L.H w bs S 2.62 13.63 S.16 17.53 10.93 17.55 17.06 7.30 3.41 C. C. Str. 8. Cir. Str. 4. Do. 6. 890 Inp Do. 6. Clear. 0.05 Cir. Str. 10. Cir. Str. 6. Do. do. do. Clear. Do. Light Cir. 4. Do. do. do. Inp Cir. Str. 10. C. C. Str. 6. Snow. C. C. Str. 2. 1.01 0.01 0.01 047 Inp Rain. Cir. Str. 7. Do. 10. Cir. Str. 10. Do. 2. C. Str. 10, Do. 10. C. C. Str. 8. C. Str. 10. Do. 10. C. Str. 6. Cir. Str. 4. Do. 4. Fog. Rain. Do. Clr. Zod. Lgt. Clr. Zod. Lgt. C. C. Str. 4. C. Str. 10. 1 29.496 29.570 29.664 4.4 23.1 9.0.051.095.069 .701 NEbуE 86.64.90 SE SE W SW .717 -749 .857 -716 .660 .610 .377 7 .562 .820 .932 830.188 30.160 30.120 19.3 26.4 22.8.121.119.112.91.71.77 s by ws by ws by w MONTHLY METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER, ST. MARTIN, ISLE JESUS, CANADA EAST-MARCH, 1857. (NINE MILES WEST OF MONTREAL.) CHARLES SMALLWOOD, M. D., LL. D. BY 0.46 2.36 1.42 Clear. Do. 4.72 Cir. Str. 10. Snow. Snow. 9 12 0.77 3.71 Clear. ESE 0.00 2.26 1.15 Cir. Cm. St. 10. C. C. Str. 6. Cir, Cum. Str. 6. C. C. Str. 8. Clear Zod. Lght. Cir. Str. 10. Sleet. Do. do. Do. do. 12.42 8.78 8.73 Inp Snow. Do. 8. Do. 10. 6.42 3.70 9.13 Cir. Str. 9. Do. 8. Do. 8. 10-28 1-77 0-10 2.37 6.34 3.50 70.79 W 1.06 1.77 9.22 Do. Do. 4. Cir. Str. 10. REMARKS ON THE ST. MARTIN, ISLE JESUS, METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER Rain fell on 6 days amounting to 2.074 inches; it was raining 36 hours 40 minutes. The least prevalent wind S E by S. The most windy day the 27th; mean miles per hour 18.03, Least windy day the 17th; mean miles per hour 0.34. The Aurora Borealis visible on 4 nights. Lunar Halo on the 6th day. Zodiacal Light bright during the month. The electrical state of the Atmosphere has indicated rather high and constant Tension. Ozone was in moderate quantity. REMARKS ON THE ST. MARTIN, ISLE JESUS, METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER Rain fell on 3 days, amounting to 0.726 inches; it was raining 10 hours and 50 minutes. Most prevalent wind, W by N. Least prevalent wind, E. Most windy day, the 19th day; mean miles per hour, 39.12. Least windy day, the 16th day; mean miles per hour, 1.13. Most windy hour, from 6 to 7, P. M., 19th day; velocity 77.70 miles. Aurora Borealis visible on 3 nights. The "Rossignol" first heard the 25th day. Wild Geese first seen on the 30th day. The electrical state of the atmosphere has indicated moderate intensity. Zodiacal Light very bright. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL. NEW SERIES. No. X.-JULY, 1857. NARCOTIC USAGES AND SUPERSTITIONS OF THE OLD AND NEW WORLD. BY DANIEL WILSON, LL.D., PROFESSOR OF HISTORY AND ENGLISH LITERATURE, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, TORONTO. Read before the Canadian Institute, 31st January, 1857. In attempting to determine the elements on which to base a system of classification of the diverse types or varieties of man, there are frequently one or two prominent characteristics which, alike among ancient and modern races, appear to supply at least convenient tests of classification, while some are deserving of special consideration as indicators of more comprehensive and far-reaching principles. The ancient epithet "barbarian," had its origin in the recognition of this idea; and we still apply that of "woad-died" to the old Briton as the fittest which our knowledge of him supplies. With the Jew and his semitic congeners, the rite of circumcision is a peculiarly distinctive element of isolation, though carried by Islamism, with the Arabie tongue, far beyond their ethnic pale. Brahminism, Buddhisin, Parseeism, Sabaism, Fetisism, and even Thuggism, each suffice to supply some elements of classification. The cannibal New Zealander, the large footed Patagonian, the big lipped Babeen, the flat-headed Chinook, the woolly-haired Negro, the clucking Hottentot, and the boomerang-armed Australian, has each his special feature, or peculiar symbol, more or less fitly assigned to him; and not less, but more distinctly characteristic than any of these VOL. II. Q are the scalp war-trophy, and the peace-pipe of the American Indian, -the characteristics not of a tribe, or a nation, but of a whole continent. Of the indigenous uniqueness of the former of these there is no question. It may not be altogether unprofitable to reconsider the purely American origin of the usages connected with the latter, on which doubts have been repeatedly cast, and more especially by recent writers, when considering the inquiry from very diverse points of view. Among the native products of the American continent, there is none which so strikingly distinguishes it as the tobacco plant, and the purposes to which its leaf is applied; for even were it proved that the use of it as a narcotic, and the practise of smoking its burning leaf, had originated independently in the old world, the sacred institution of the peace-pipe must still remain as the peculiar characteristic of the Red Indian of America. Professor Johnston, in his "Chemistry of Common Life," remarks with reference to this and others of the narcotics peculiar to the new world:-"The Aborigines of Central America rolled up the tobacco leaf, and dreamed away their lives in smoky reveries, ages before Columbus was born, or the colonists of Sir Walter Raleigh brought it within the precincts of the Elizabethean Court. The cocoa leaf, now the comfort and strength of the Peruvian muletero, was chewed as he does it, in far remote times, and among the same mountains, by the Indian natives whose blood he inherits." The former of these narcotics, however, it is scarcely necessary to say, was not confined, within any period known to us, to central America, though its name of tobacco, -derived by some from the Haîtian tambaku, and by others from Tabaco, a province of Yucatan, where the Spaniards are affirmed to have first met with it,-appears to have been the native term for the pipe, and not for the plant, which was called kohiba. So far as we can now infer from the evidence furnished by native arts and relics connected with the use of the tobacco plant, it seems to have been as familiar to most of the ancient tribes of the north west, and the Aborigines of our Canadian forests, as to those of the American tropics, of which the Nicotiana Tabacum is believed to be a native. No such remarkable depositories indeed have been found to the north of the great chain of lakes, as those disclosed to the explorers of the tumuli of "Mound City," in the Scioto valley, Ohio, from a single one of which, nearly two hundred pipes were taken; most of them composed of a hard red porphyritic stone, with their bowls elaborately carved in miniature figures of animals, birds, |