cordial relations with England; and it seems now that the course of world politics is destined to lead to the further reknitting together of the two great branches of the Anglo-Saxon race in bonds of peace and international sympathy, in a union not cemented by any formal alliance, but based on community of interests and of aims, a union that will constitute the highest guarantee of the political stability and moral progress of the world.

CHAPTER XIX

CRITICAL ESSAY ON AUTHORITIES

TH

BIBLIOGRAPHIES

HERE are no general bibliographies covering the entire period of this volume; but the Library of Congress has published a number of valuable bibliographies on special topics, compiled under the direction of A. P. C. Griffin, chief bibliographer, of which the more important are the following: List of Books relating to Cuba (including references to collected works and periodicals), with Bibliography of Maps (1898); List of Books relating to Hawaii (including references to collected works and periodicals) (1898); List of Books (with references to periodicals) relating to the Theory of Colonization, Government of Dependencies, Protectorates, and Related Topics (2d ed., 1900); A List of Books (with references to periodicals) on Porto Rico (1901); List of Works relating to the American Occupation of the Philippine Islands, 1898-1903 (reprinted with additions to 1905); Select List of References on Industrial Arbitration (1903); Select List of References on Government Ownership of Railroads (1903); List of References on Federal Control of Commerce and Corporations (1904); Select List of Books (with references to periodicals) relating to the Far East (1904); List of References on Recognition in International Law and Practice (1904); A List of Books (with references to periodicals) on Immigration (1904); Select List of References on Chinese Immigration (1904); Select List of References on Anglo-Saxon Interests (1906).

Other bibliographies of a special character are J. B.

VOL. XXV.-21

Moore, Digest of International Law (8 vols., Washington, 1906), which contains a list of authorities and very full foot-notes; A. B. Hart, Manual of the History, Diplomacy, and Government of the United States (Cambridge, 1908); A. B. Hart, Foundations of American Foreign Policy, with a Working Bibliography (New York, 1901). The American Historical Review (index to first ten volumes), the American Political Science Review (first issue, November, 1906), the American Journal of International Law (first issue, January, 1907), the Archives Diplomatiques, and the Revue Générale de Droit International Public are especially valuable for reviews of new books and lists of current magazine articles.

For general references the reader should consult the above bibliographies. The present chapter will be confined mainly to documentary sources, occasional reference being made to secondary works of special significance. The government publications on the period covered by this volume are unusually full; and while it is doubtless true that some important documents have been withheld or suppressed, it may be safely asserted that never before in the history of this or of any other country have the documents relating to a ten-year period of equal importance been given to the public so soon or so fully. In preparing this volume these documents have been interpreted in the light of magazine articles, newspaper reports and editorials, and oral discussions too numerous, and in many cases too ephemeral, to be recorded. It will take years to sift and digest the enormous amount of literature to which the Spanish War and subsequent events have given rise.

INTERVENTION IN CUBA

The most important single reference on this subject is the volume of Foreign Relations of the United States for 1898, the publication of which was delayed for reasons of state until 1901. This volume contains the more important correspondence on the political situation in Cuba and the various proposals of the United States for a permanent

settlement of the Cuban question. The state department has also issued in the form of a translation Spanish Diplomatic Correspondence and Documents, 1896–1900, Presented to the Cortes by the Minister of State (1905), containing much of the same correspondence that is found in the Foreign Relations, with additional material including the instructions to the Spanish peace commissioners and their reports of the conferences with the American commissioners at Paris. Compilation of Reports of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate (1901), VII., is almost all devoted to reports on affairs in Cuba from 1896 to 1898. The report of the Maine court of inquiry is published in Senate Documents, 55 Cong., 2 Sess., No. 207. Moore, Digest of International Law, VI., 105-236, contains an excellent chronological summary of events leading to the war. Richardson, Messages and Papers of the Presidents, X., contains messages, proclamations, and executive orders relating to the war. Le Fur, La Guerre Hispano-Américaine de 1898 (1899), and Flack, Spanish-American Diplomatic Relations Preceding the War of 1898 (1906), discuss critically the grounds of intervention.

THE WAR WITH SPAIN

Naval operations are set forth in Secretary of the Navy, Annual Report (1898); and military operations in Secretary of War, Annual Reports for the same year; the more important reports are published in full in Message and Documents, 1898-1899, Abridgment (4 vols., 1899), which constitutes a valuable documentary history of the war. Much additional information is found in Correspondence relating to the War with Spain (2 vols., war dept., 1902). A. T. Mahan, Lessons of the War with Spain (1899), derives special value from the fact that the author was a member of the Naval Advisory Board during the war. J. D. Long, New American Navy (1903), although written in a rather popular vein and not without personal bias, is especially valuable for the administrative side of affairs

during the author's term as secretary of the navy. W. S. Schley, Forty-five Years Under the Flag (1904), is important in connection with the dispute growing out of the naval battle of Santiago. H. C. Lodge, The War with Spain (1899), by a prominent member of the Senate committee on foreign relations, is popular, sketchy, and laudatory, but not discriminating. The Report of the Commission Appointed by the President to Investigate the Conduct of the War Department in the War with Spain, published in Senate Documents, 56 Cong., 1 Sess., No. 221 (8. vols.), contains some valuable testimony, but the report itself is strongly biased in favor of the war department. The Record of Proceedings of a Court of Inquiry in the Case of Rear-Admiral Winfield Scott Schley, U.S.N., including the president's review of the case, is published in House Documents, 57 Cong., I Sess., No. 485. Information in regard to the losses sustained by the American army from all causes during the war is contained in Senate Documents, 56 Cong., 1 Sess., No. 426.

Papers relating to the Treaty with Spain, containing the instructions to the United States peace commissioners, were first published in Senate Documents, 56 Cong., 2 Sess., No. 148, and later in the Foreign Relations for 1898. The actual records or protocols of the conferences between the American and Spanish commissioners at Paris, and the text of the treaty, together with much miscellaneous information in regard to the Philippines presented to the American commissioners, will be found in Senate Documents, 55 Cong., 3 Sess., No. 62, parts i.-iii. The discussions that took place in the Senate on the acquisition of the Philippines will be found in the Congressional Record for December, 1898, and January and February, 1899. The proceedings of the Spanish Treaty Claims Commission will be found in Senate Documents, 58 Cong., 2 Sess., No. 25, and 59 Cong., 1 Sess., No. 308.

THE STATUS OF dependeNCIES

On the so-called issue of imperialism there was a flood of pamphlets, the more noteworthy being W. G. Sumner,