age of the applicant on August 1 of the year in which the examination is taken, and the certificate granted for success. 1. Examination for the attainment of the certificate of qualification to give home and school instruction in free and orderly exercises in gymnastics (examen ter verkrijging van de akte van bekwaamheid tot het geven van huis- en schoolonderwijs in de vrije en orde-oefeningen der gymnastiek). (a) Examination committee: Men, 3; women, 2. (b) Type of examination: Practical skill and oral test, 1 day. (c) Minimum age: 18 years. (d) Certificate of qualification to give home and school instruction in free and orderly exercises in gymnastics. 2. Examinations for the attainment of certificates of qualification in useful and fine handwork for girls (examens ter verkrijging van de akten van bekwaamheid in de nuttige en de fraaie handwerken voor meisjes). (a) Examination committee: 4 members. (b) Type of examination: Practical skill and oral test. (1) Useful handwork for girls, 1 day. (2) Fine handwork for girls, 2 days. (c) Minimum age: 18 years. (d) (1) Certificate of qualification in useful handwork for girls. 3. Examination for the attainment of a certificate of qualification for home and school instruction in drawing (examen ter verkrijging van een akte van bekwaamheid voor huis- en schoolonderwijs in het handteekenen). (a) Examination committee: 4 members. (b) Type of examination: Practical skill and oral test, 3 days. (c) Minimum age: 17 years. (d) Certificate of qualification for home and school instruction in drawing. 4. Examinations for the attainment of certificates of qualification to give elementary school instruction in the fundamentals of French, German, and English, and in mathematics and gymnastics (examens ter verkrijging van akten van bekwaamheid tot het geven van lager onderwijs in de beginselen der Fransche, Duitsche en Engelsche talen, die der wiskunde en de gymnastiek). (a) Examination committee: At least one committee of five members is appointed each year for each subject. (b) Type of examination: In each of the foreign languages and in mathematics, written and oral; in gymnastics, a test in practical skill and an oral examination. (c) Certificate of qualification to give elementary school instruction in the fundamentals of French, certificate of qualification for home and school instruction in the English language, etc. 5. Examination for the attainment of the certificate of qualification to give home and school instruction in the fundamentals of commercial science (examen ter verkrijging van de akte van bekwaamheid tot het geven van huis- en schoolonderwijs in de beginselen der handelskennis). (a) Examination committee: 3 members. (b) Type of examination: Written and oral. 3 days. (c) Certificate of qualification for home and school instruction in the fundamentals of commercial science. 6. Examinations for the attainment of the certificates of qualification to offer elementary school instruction in the fundamentals of agriculture and in the fundamentals of horticulture (examens ter verkrijging van de akten van bekwaamheid tot het geven van lager onderwijs in de beginselen der landbouwkunde en in de beginselen der tuinbouwkunde).-For admission to either of these examinations the applicant must be an elementary school teacher, preferably with qualification for a position as headmaster (p. 97). If he has already passed the teacher's examination in agriculture and in horticulture the certificate received should be presented with the application for admission to the other. If the first examination was passed within 5 years from the time of the second, he may be exempt in the latter in physics and in chemistry. (a) Examination committee: Each examination, 19 members. Inorganic and organic chemistry. Zoology and botany. Animals useful to agriculture, animals harmful to agriculture, Fundamentals of the condition and cultivation of the soil in the Fertilizers. The most important methods of tillage and soil improvement and agricultural tools. Phytogeny. Cattle breeding. Fundamentals of dairying. Teachers of physically and mentally handicapped children. In addition to special training at the type of school concerned, appointment as teacher at a school for physically or mentally handicapped children requires a certificate of qualification as elementary school teacher, including, except for men teachers at schools for the physically handicapped, qualification to teach gymnastics. Teachers of useful handwork for girls and teachers of sloyd must have in addition the prescribed certificates for teaching these subjects (p. 100). At schools for the deaf, classes of children under 7 years of age; at schools for the feeble-minded, classes of children unable to follow the regular work; and at schools for idiots and imbeciles appointment as teacher requires possession of a certificate of having passed the examination for qualification as kindergarten teacher (fröbelonderwijzer). At schools for the deaf and the blind appointment as teacher may also be issued to one who has: 1. An academic degree. 2. The examination for the degree of doctorandus in literature, mathematics and natural science, or in medicine (p. 109). 3. Completed studies in philosophy and theology. 4. Certificate B of secondary education in French, English, German, mathematics, physics, or chemistry (p. 112). 5. Certificate of secondary education in the Netherlands language. Appointment For appointment as teacher the applicant must have a leaving certificate from a normal school or a certificate of qualification as elementary school teacher attained through success in the State examination; and a certificate of conduct made out by the burgomaster of the municipality or municipalities in which he has lived during the last 2 years. Appointment as headmaster requires that the applicant be at least 25 years of age and with at least 3 years of completed service as teacher with permanent or temporary appointment. One person may be in charge of a regular elementary school and an extended elementary school if both are in the same building and if the total number of pupils does not exceed 350. Unless excused by the Minister the headmaster is charged with the duty of teaching at least one class. Number of pupils per teacher.-At each elementary school according to a supplementary regulation of December 31, 1937, the headmaster must be assisted by at least: 1 teacher when the number of pupils is 35. For each 50 pupils above 260 an additional teacher must be provided. At an extended elementary school of 27 pupils the headmaster must be assisted by at least 1 teacher and by an additional teacher for each 26 pupils above that. Remuneration Salaries. The beginning salary of an elementary school teacher without qualification for a position as headmaster is 1,215 guilders, with an annual increase of 90 guilders for the first 4 years; 45 guilders for the fifth year; and after that from the sixth to the twenty-second year of service, inclusive, a biennial increase of 90 guilders. The beginning salary of an elementary school teacher with qualification as headmaster is 1,395 guilders, with an increase of 90 guilders for each of the first 2 years of service; 45 guilders for the third year; 180 guilders for each of the fourth, sixth, eighth, and tenth years; and after that from the twelfth to the twenty-second year, inclusive, a biennial increase of 90 guilders. For qualification to offer elementary school instruction in French, German, English, or mathematics, the annual salary of a regular elementary school teacher or headmaster is increased 45 guilders a subject. For similar qualification in the same subjects or in commercial science the annual salary of a teacher or headmaster in extended elementary education is increased 90 guilders a subject; if the subject is included in the curriculum of the school in which the teacher is working, 180 guilders. The headmaster of a regular elementary school with two or fewer teachers receives in addition for service as headmaster 360 guilders a year; with three to six teachers, 450 guilders; with more than six teachers, 630 guilders. The headmaster of an extended elementary school who is qualified to offer elementary school instruction in two of the subjects French, German, English, mathematics, and commercial science, or higher instruction in one of them receives in addition for service as headmaster at a school of fewer than three teachers 630 guilders; at a school of three to six teachers, 810 guilders; and at a school of six or more teachers, 990 guilders. For qualification as headmaster plus qualification to offer elementary school instruction in at least two of the subjects French, German, English, mathematics, and commercial science a teacher in extended elementary education receives an additional salary of 360 guilders a year. Teachers at a practice school connected with a normal school or a municipal or private school subsidized by the State to which normal school students are sent for practice teaching receive the regular salary of elementary school teachers in corresponding positions plus 225 guilders a year; headmasters, 405 guilders. According to a Ministerial circular of March 25, 1924, the salaries of permanently and temporarily appointed teachers of physically and mentally handicapped children are governed by the same regulations as those for other elementary school teachers, except that permanently appointed teachers, not including kindergarten teachers, receive in addition to the prescribed annual salary at least 300 guilders; and headmasters at least 500 guilders. Waiting money (wachtgeld).—When a public school is permanently closed or a position permanently stopped the permanently appointed teachers of the school for whom no immediate openings can be found and who because of not yet having attained the proper age are not entitled to pension are granted waiting money by the State, if they have been in the last position for at least 2 years. One who has taught 10 years or more receives full salary for 1 year; one who has taught from 5 to 10 years, full salary for 1⁄2 year; one who has taught for at least 5 years, full salary for 3 months. After that the waiting money is equivalent each year to 65 percent of the last salary until the teacher is entitled to pension or is appointed to a suitable position, that is, a position for which he is qualified. The waiting money ceases if the teacher refuses to accept a suitable position when it is offered. If a teacher accepts a position with salary less than the amount of the waiting money he is reimbursed to the extent of the difference. The waiting money continues for a period equivalent to that of the period of service for which he is entitled to pension (p. 116). At the end of that time it may be renewed. In 1938 a total of 862 appointments to permanent positions in public general elementary schools included 29 from among those who were receiving waiting money. Of these 6 were women. Pension. The pension regulations for elementary school teachers are governed by the general pension law of 1922, and are, in the main, similar to those for secondary school teachers (p. 116). According to paragraph 48 of the elementary school law of 1920 (p. 93), however, the amount of pension is increased for each year of service by one-sixtieth of the pension basis (pensionsgrondslag) but cannot exceed two-thirds of that basis. For a teacher who in the performance of school duty becomes ill or physically disabled for further service, the limitation of two-thirds does not apply. Secondary Schools Organization of the secondary school.-On completion of the sixth year of elementary schooling the Dutch boy or girl may enter a secondary school (middelbaar school). Prior to 1920 when a certificate from the elementary school became the regular requirement, admission was based on success in a rather severe entrance examination. In 1928, the examination was resumed in modified form as supplementary to the elementary school certificate. Except for secondary schools for girls and some Roman Catholic boarding schools for boys, coeducation is usual. The school week is 6 days with Wednesday and Saturday afternoons free. The school year begins and ends in September. In addition to holidays at Whitsuntide, including the Saturday before and the Tuesday following Pentecost, the main vacations are: 1. From the close of school on December 23, or if the 23 falls on Monday or Saturday, on December 20 or 22, respectively, to the evening of January 6, or if that falls on Friday, Saturday, or Sunday, on the evening of the following Monday. 2. From the Wednesday before Easter to the evening of the first Monday following the second day of Easter. |