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CONTENTS.


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CHANGES OF THE ORGANS, AND TISSUES, AND APPARATUS OF THE BODIES OF THOSE

WHO HAVE DIED WITH THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF MALARIAL FEVER, INTERMITTENT,

REMITTENT, AND CONGESTIVE-COMPARISON OF THESE CHANGES WITH THE PHENO-

MENA OF MALARIAL FEVER AND WITH SIMILAR CHANGES IN OTHER DISEASES, AND

WITH THE ORGANS, TISSUES, AND APPARATUS OF MEN AND ANIMALS IN THE NORMAL

CONDITION.

Exterior-Muscular system--Cerebro-spinal nervous system-Dura mater, arachnoid

membrane, pia mater, cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, ventricles of brain

-Cerebro-spinal fluid-Nervous phenomena of malarial fever compared with post-

mortem examinations-Causes of aberrated nervous phenomena in malarial fever-

Theory expressing the relations of the physical, chemical, and nervous phenomena of

malarial fever-Malarial fever paroxysmal, not because the action of the cerebro-spinal

or of the sympathetic nervous system is paroxysmal-Explanation of the paroxysmal

character of malarial fever-Lungs-Heart-Alimentary canal-Tongue-Stomach-

Intestinal canal-Liver-Weight of liver in malarial fever-Post-mortem examinations

illustrating the changes of the color of the liver in malarial fever-Effects of previous

pathological alterations upon the color-Changes of the color of the blood in the liver of

malarial fever--Sources of the change of color in the liver during malarial fever-

Character of the bile in malarial fever--The liver of those cases which died in the active

stages of malarial fever contained animal starch, whilst hepatic sugar was absent--Points

of difference between the malarial fever and yellow fever liver-Spleen, pathological

alterations of, in malarial fever-Pancreas-Kidneys

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OBSERVATIONS ON SOME OF THE PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL, AND PATHOLOGICAL PHENOMENA OF MALARIAL FEVER.

CHAPTER I.

RELATIONS OF MAN TO THE EXTERIOR UNIVERSE-RELATIONS OF ASTRONOMICAL, TERRESTRIAL, PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA THE CHARACTER AND EXTENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ESTABLISHED BY THE RELATIONS OF MAN TO THE EXTERIOR UNIVERSE.

THE object of this chapter is to sketch the mutual relations of celestial and terrestrial bodies and animated beings, and demonstrate-that the existence of man is absolutely dependent upon the relations of the component members of the universe-that a single alteration in the chain of phenomena would destroy the conditions necessary for the existence and manifestation of the phenomena of man-that the forces of man are all resultants of the forces of the sun and fixed stars, which keep up a never ending circulation and change of matter upon the surface of our globe-that man cannot create or annihilate force any more than he can create or annihilate matter that the great law of the Indestructibility of Force, of Action, and Reaction, applies to all the phenomena of man-that man is a type of the universe, and comprehends within himself all phenomena, astronomical, physical, chemical, physiological, and psychological—that the knowledge of the structure, phenomena, and relations of man includes a knowledge of all science, whether relating to matter or mind. The end of the whole investigation will be the establishment of the true character and extent of physiological and pathological investigations.

In this inquiry we will examine first the general or simple phenomena, and lastly the particular or complex.

There are certain phenomena, as gravity, which affect all bodies, and at the same time appear to be wholly independent, in their

existence and manifestation, of all other phenomena. These phenomena have been called' general or simple, because they appear to be not only independent in their own existence of all other phenomena, but they form the foundation of the manifestation and conditions of the existence of all other phenomena.

We have another class of phenomena which are confined to certain forms of matter, and whose existence and manifestation depend upon definite circumstances and the pre-existence of the general phenomena. These phenomena are called complex or particular. Thus the law of gravity, which (so far as our means of observation extend) affects every molecule of matter throughout the universe, is an instance of a general phenomenon; whilst physiological phenomena, which are manifested by only a comparatively small number of bodies, are instances of complex or particular phenomena.

General phenomena are wholly independent of the particular or complicated; whilst the particular or complicated are dependent upon the general, and cannot exist without them. Thus, we cannot conceive of matter without weight, but we do conceive and know of the existence of matter in a state of perfect freedom from the manifestation of physiological phenomena. It is evident that if we wish to understand the complex phenomena, we must analyze the component phenomena, and examine first the most general, which form the foundations of the existence and manifestation of the restricted or complex.

Man stands upon the summit of a pyramid, the foundation of which is the inorganic world, and the materials composing this pyramid consist: first, of plants in various stages of development, the simple extending downwards, the more complicated extending upwards, diminishing in numbers as they increase in complexity; and, secondly, of animals in various stages of development, increasing in complexity and diminishing in numbers as they extend upwards. To understand the physical and physiological constitution of man, we must commence at the base of the pyramid and examine successively all the elements, with their properties, forces, and constitution-we must examine the relations of the individual elements to each other and to the universe.

'That the true principles of the classification of the phenomena of the universe were recognized by the ancients, as well as by the moderns, is demonstrated by the fact that the historical development and classification of the sciences correspond with the logical classification. The principles of classification and the relations of the sciences have been discussed in a masterly manner by Auguste Comte in his Positive Philosophy.

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