niture to be manufactured and homes to be fcunded. Into this work the 15-year-old boy went with all his native vigor, learning the trade of carpenter and joiner, and soon becoming one of the best all around workmen of the neighborhood. With the summers devoted to work and winters to study and teaching, the latter being begun before the age of 16, he passed the time quickly till January, 1862, when Lenox College was entered. College work was stopped, in 1864, when young Calvin with the rest of the boys attending, enlisted. They were assigned to the Forty-fourth Iowa infantry and served in Southern Tennessee and Northern Mississippi, till the Regiment was mustered out. At the close of the war the young soldiers marched back to become students and the college resumed its work. Study began again, and to it the work of teaching was added, first as instructor, and later professor of mathematics and science. In 1869 Professor Calvin was elected principal of the Fourth ward (now Lincoln) school at Dubuque, where he stayed until January, 1874, when he was elected professor of natural science at the State University, succeeding Dr. C. A. White, who went to Bowdoin College. In those days the professor of natural science was expected to do the whole teaching in geology, zoology, physiology and botany. In the years since, largely through the effcrts of Professor Calvin, the work has been divided up until now there is a professor and an assistant professor of botany, the same in zoology, and a professor of animal morphology and physiology, besides the professorship of geology held by Professor Calvin A great museum has been built up and expeditions have been sent to many distant parts of this and other countries.

Professor Calvin has been a busy man, for in addition to his work at the university he has done much outside. He has been a constant investigator and contributor to the literature of his chosen specialty. He was one of the founders, and is now one of the editors of the American Geologist, the oldest exclusively geological magazine in America. He was one of the original fellows of the Geological Society of America, and has long been a member of the American Association for the Advancement of

Science. In 1890 he served as secretary of the section of geology of the American association, and 1894 was vice president of the association and presiding officer of the same section. His address, delivered in Brooklyn, attracted much favorable comment, both in this country and Europe. Many well deserved honors have come to him. The degree of M. A. has been conferred by Cornell College, and later that of Ph. D. was bestowed by Lenox, his Alma Mater. In 1892, when the present geological survey of the state was organized, it did not take the board long to decide that Professor Calvin was the proper man to be placed in charge as director, and arrangements were accordingly made with the university whereby a suitable portion of his time should be devoted to the work. That the choice was a happy one has been proven by the vigor with which the work has been prosecuted and the high standing which the survey has obtained both at home and abroad. The economic results of the work are becoming more and more apparent and to Professor Calvin the state is mainly indebted for them. He will probably, however, be longest remembered and best known. as the teacher of hundreds of men and women now occupying important positions throughout the state. His influence in this direction cannot be estimated, but many of those to whom college life is now a memory recall with pleasure his clear and interesting lectures, and those who had the pleasure of field excursions in his company will not soon forget his enthusiasm, his energy, his kindly disposition, and his keen Scotch

humor.

COTTRELL, WILLIAM DURANT GARDNER, of Clarence, well known throughout Eastern Iowa as a conservative and successful banker, is a native of Denmark, Lewis county, New York. His father, Lewis G. Cottrell, was a farmer in comfortable circumstances and was born in that locality in 1804. Lewis county is in Northern New York, about forty miles north of the city of Utica. It lies immediately west of and almost bordering upon the picturesque and beautiful Adirondack mountain region, which is now a notable pleasure resort.

Lewis G. Cottrell married Polly P. Clark

of the same village, and William was born February 10, 1833. His early life was spent upon his father's farm, and he attended the common schools of the neighborhood. Upon the farm were developed and strengthened those habits of honesty, industry and frugality which are necessary to fit any one for important and responsible positions. Here also he acquired the mental and physical vigor and vitality which is such an important element in business affairs. William's business experience began early. His first money was received from the sale of turkeys raised on the farm, and amounted to $30. The money which he received from all sources was saved, and when it amounted to $200 was loaned to the village merchant, who after a short time failed and the whole sum was lost. It is very likely that this loss proved a successful lesson to the young financier, and that the experience thus gained saved him from more serious losses in after life. His next venture was in buying furs on a small scale, and when about 25 years old he established a line of trade through Northern New York and Canada, making regular trips during the fur season and selling directly to furriers in Utica. Albany, Rochester and New York City. This business he pursued very successfully for sev

eral years. In January, 1871, Mr. Cottrell came west and located at Clarence, where he formed a partnership with a brother-inlaw, Peter Bent, and started a bank under the firm name of Bent & Cottrell. In 1860 he purchased the interest of his partner, and has since conducted the business in his own name. In 1880 Cottrell purchased a notable standard-bred horse, "Brougham 800," a son of old "Hambletonian 10," and several standard bred mares. The most noted of these proved to be the mare "Belle of Clarence," dam of seven in the list. In the horse business it became necessary to have land, and Mr. Cottrell has from time to time made purchases until he has over 400 acres in or near the town of Clarence. He has now more than 100 head of fine horses, the most noted of which was the 1891 Kentucky filly. "Countess Eve," 2:094, that during the fall of 1897 obtained the world's record for a sixth heat and was sold for $3,000 to go to Vienna, Austria.

Mr. Cottrell has always been a Republican, and was for one term mayor of his town, during which time the saloons were closed and have never since been opened. He is a broadminded and liberal man, true to every trust of public and private life, and has the respect and confidence of all who know him.

He was married September 29, 1857, to Henrietta Bent, and they have one son. Myron B. Cottrell, who is interested with his father in the bank, as well as in farming and handling grain.

His

CONE, JOHN, of Marion, is a son of one of the earliest pioneers of Linn county, Norris Cone, who moved to that county in 1838 and entered a large tract of land. Norris Cone was born in Wallingford, Connecticut, in December, 1808, and was married in 1830 to Anna Blakeslee, a native of the same town, whose father, John Blakeslee, and mother were New England Yankees. ancestors were from Denmark originally. In 1837 the family moved to Hendersonville, Illinois, where they remained until the winter of 1837-38, when they moved to Linn county, Iowa. Here they entered a large piece of land and in the course of a few years made a fine farm of it. In a log house on the farm in Bertram township,

John Cone was born November 2, 1841. He lived with his parents on the farm until he was between 12 and 13 years of age, going to school in log school houses and walking from one to two and one-half miles. He then moved with his parents to Marion, Iowa, and went to public school in that city. At the age of 15 he started in to learn the painting business. He worked four years at this trade, and in the fall of 1860 went to work at the printing business. He worked at the business until the summer of 1861, when the war broke out. On September 7, 1861, he enlisted for three years in Colonel Carskaddon's Company K, Ninth Iowa Infantry, and served through all the campaigns in Missouri and Arkansas under General Curtis. He was slightly wounded in the head at the battle of Pea Ridge, Arkansas, where his regiment of 600 men lost 237 killed and wounded.

In the early part of the winter of 1862 he went with Sherman's army to Vicksburg, Mississippi, was under General Sherman in all his engagements and campaigns to the end of the war. He was slightly wounded in the foot at the battle of Chickasaw Bayou, Mississippi, took part in the siege of Jack

son, Mississippi, in the summer of 1863, after the Vicksburg surrender, then went north by boat to Memphis, Tennessee; marched from there to Chattanooga, took part in the battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge; then went to Woodville, Alabama, and into winter quarters, where on Jan. 1, 1864, he re-enlisted with the most of his regiment for three years more or during the war. He was granted a thirty-day furlough in February, came home and on March 2, 1864, was married to Miss Caroline Mitchell of Marion, Iowa.

At the expiration of his furlough Mr. Cone went back to the war and started into the Atlanta campaign. He was at Ringgold, Resaca, Dallas, New Hope Church, Lost Mountain, Kennesaw Mountain, Chattahoochie River, and in all the battles around and at the siege of Atlanta. He went through Georgia to the sea, was at the siege of Savannah, Georgia, and from there went to Beaufort, South Carolina, by ocean steamer. Then up through the Carolinas to Raleigh, North Carolina, where General Joe Johnston surrendered to General Sherman. The final march was through Virginia and over the old battlefields to Washington, D. C., where he took part in the grand review down Pennsylvania avenue, the grandest military display that was ever seen on earth. He was mustered out of service July 24, 1865, went home to Marion and resumed his business of painting, paper hanging and decorating.

In 1890 he was appointed deputy sheriff, and in 1895 was elected sheriff and re-elected in 1897. Mr. Cone has three daughters and one son; the oldest, Maud L., was married in 1893 to A. E. Chislett, a grocer in Denver, Colorado; Lucia M. was married in 1894 to F. A. Shumack, who is a dry goods merchant in Marion; Jessie Plummer Cone, the youngest daughter, is unmarried, and the son, John Cone, Jr., who was born February 6, 1884, is at home.

Mr. Cone belongs to the Masons, Odd Fellews and Modern Woodmen, and has filled several minor offices in the city of Marion. He has been an ardent Republican since the Fremont campaign in 1856, in which he carried a torch, although too young to vote. His first vote was cast while in the army for Abraham Lincoln.

COX, GEORGE, is one of the progressive business men of Deep River, Poweshiek county. He was born in Guernsey county, Ohio, March 9, 1839. His father, Ephriam Cox, was born in Jefferson county, Ohio, in 1802, and died in Poweshiek county, Iowa, in 1862. His occupation when a young man was that of a cabinet maker, but in 1832 he moved upon a farm in Guernsey county, Ohio, where he remained until 1854, when he emigrated to Iowa, locating in Poweshiek county near the present town of Deep River. Here he entered 400 acres of government land and bought a partially improved farm of 160 acres, upon which he lived until the time of his death. His wife, whose maiden name was Margaret Christy, was a native of Pennsylvania, born in 1798. She was married to Mr. Cox in 1823, and died at the home of her daughter, Mrs. William Cochran, in Poweshiek county, Iowa, in 1874. At the time of their settlement in Deep River township, Poweshiek county, there were but eight log cabins in the township, and with a family of eleven they spent the first winter in a cabin sixteen feet square, with a "leanto" 10x16, keeping warm by an old-fashioned fireplace with a stick chimney. In 1855, Mr. Cox started the first saw mill in

the township and that fall sawed enough native lumber to build a house, the first frame house in the township. In August, 1856, the boiler of the mill exploded, killing Samuel F. Cox, one of the children. At this time they were living on the old stage route between Iowa City and Des Moines, and kept the stage horses, and were frequently called upon to keep many passengers over night on account of storms.

George Cox received all his education in the district school, as most boys did at that time, working on the farm in summer and attending school in winter, after they became big enough to work. He worked on his father's farm until he was 23 years of age, when he rented the home place, after his father's death, and farmed it for four years. He then bought 240 acres of government land, consisting of raw prairie, which he improved and added to until he had 420 acres of well improved land, near the town of Deep River, which he still owns. He followed the occupation of farming until 1884. when he removed to Deep River and started in the grain and lumber business, in which he has been actively engaged ever since, the firm now being George Cox & Co. In 1875 he bought an interest in a general store in the inland town of Dresden, one mile from Deep River, and still retains an interest in the stock, it having since been removed to the town of Deep River. The firm now consists of George Cox, E. C. Cochran and C. N. Cox, a son of George Cox, and is run under the firm name of Cox & Cochran.

Mr. Cox has always been a Republican, casting his first vote for Abraham Lincoln in 1860. He is a member of Golden Rod Lodge, A. F. and A. M., No. 512, and a member of the Presbyterian church. He married Miss Catherine Funk, March 7, 1866. Five children have been born to them, three of whom are now living, Cloyd N., M. Alma and Hattie A. Cox.

CAMPBELL, CASSIUS L., M. D., was born in Plain Grove, Pennsylvania, August 22, 1856. His father, John M. Campbell, was also born in Plain Grove, and lived there all of his life, dying at the age of 65. He was an active, enterprising farmer and stockman, and identified with every public enterprise designed to develop and benefit

that section of the country. By industry and good business habits he accumulated a comfortable property. His wife was Lavina Lightner, daughter of Samuel Lightner. Her ancestors were originally from Switzerland, and their descendants came to Pennsylvania and were prosperous and highly respected citizens. On the father's side the ancestors were Scotch-Irish, who emigrated to western Pennsylvania. Cassius L. spent his boyhood on his father's farm, attending the public school in the winter and assisting at farm work during the summer. Later he attended the Plain Grove Academy, and also an academy at Grove City, where he prepared for college. He entered Westminster College, at New Wilmington, and there pursued a course that was directed towards preparing for the medical profession, which he had chosen as his life work After completing the course he secured a position in the office of Dr. James J. Wallace, one of the most prominent physicians of New Castle; afterwards he entered the Miami Medical College, at Cincinnati, Ohio, from which he graduated in March, 1881. He took an intermediate course in Wooster Medical College, at Cleveland, Ohio. He first located for the practice of his profession at Brownsdale, Pennsylvania, but moved to

Lewis, Cass county, Iowa, in January, 1883. In the fall of that year he entered into partnership with Dr. L. M. Andrews, which arrangement continued for two years, when Dr. Campbell began business for himself. He has been very successful in building up a large practice, both as a physician and surgeon. Dr. Campbell was one of the public spirited citizens of Lewis, and was identified with all enterprises for the promotion of the best interests of the people and the town. Early in January, 1898, he removed to Atlantic, where he entered into partnership with Dr. F. W. Porterfield, one of the best known physicians in western Iowa.

Dr. Campbell has been an active Republican, often serving as delegate to county, congressional and state conventions, but has never sought office. He is a prominent member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and has twice been chosen a delegate to the Grand Lodge of the state. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, having held all positions in the lodge; is also a member of the Eastern Star, Royal Arch Masons, Knights Templars, and of Kaaba Temple, A. A. O. M. S., of Davenport.

CONN, JAMES EMMETT, though a young man, is one of the leading physicians of Ida Grove, and has a practice second to none in Ida county. He owns one of the firest and best equipped offices in his part of the state, and his reputation is not confined to the limits of his own locality, for he is frequently called to other towns for consultation in critical cases, or to assist in difficult and delicate operations. He lives with his family in a beautiful home, lighted with gas and electricity and heated with hot water. Dr. Conn is of Irish descent. His father, James Conn, son of Robert Conn, was born in Belfast, Ireland, March 30, 1835, and came with his parents to America in 1845. They located in Wayne county, Ohio, where he was brought up on a farm, receiving his early education in the district school. At 19 he began teaching and followed this profesion several years, of which four were spent as superintendent of the city schools in Paulding, Ohio. He was married to Annie Elizabeth Kuhn. The family came to Iowa in 1871, settling first in Benton county, where for twelve years he was engaged in