In like manner, the citizens of New Granada shall enjoy within the government and territories of the United States, a perfect and unrestrained liberty of conscience and of exercising their religion, publicly or privately, within their own dwelling-houses, or in the chapels and places of worship appointed for that purpose, agreeably to the laws, usages, and customs of the United States. Art. 15. It shall be lawful for the citizens of the United States of America and of the Republic of New Granada to sail with their ships, with all manner of liberty and security, no distinction being made who are the proprietors of the merchandise laden thereon, from any port to the places of those who now are or hereafter shall be at enmity with either of the contracting parties. It shall like wise be lawful for the citizens aforesaid to sail with the ships and merchandise before mentioned, and to trade with the same liberty and security from the places, ports, and havens of those who are enemies of both or either party, without any opposition or disturbance whatsoever, not only directily from the places of the enemy before mentioned to neutral places, but also from one place belonging to an enemy to another place belonging to an enemy, whether they be under the jurisdiction of one power or under several. And it is hereby stipulated that free ships shall also give freedom to goods, and that every thing which shall be found on board the ships belonging to the citizens of either of the contracting parties shall be deemed to be free and exempt, although the whole lading or any part thereof should appertain to the enemies of either (contraband goods being always excepted). It is also agreed, in like manner, that the same liberty shall be extended to persons who are on board a free ship, with this effect, that although they be enemies to both or either party, they are not to be taken out of that free ship unless they are officers and soldiers, and in the actual service of the enemies: provided, however, an it is hereby agreed, that the stipulation in this article contained, declaring that the flag shall cover the property, shall be understood as aplying to those powers only who recognise this principle; but if either of the two contracting parties shall be at war with a third, and the other remains neutral, the flag of the neutral shall cover the property of enemies whose governments acknowledge this principle, and not of others. Art. 16. It is likewise agreed, that in the case where the neutral flag of one of the contracting parties shall protect the property of the enemies of the other, by virtue of above stipulation, it shall always be understood that the neutral property found on board such enemies' vessels shall be held and considered as enemies' property, and as such shall be liable to detention and confiscation, except such property as was put on board such vessel llas propiedades que hubiesen sido puestas a bordo de tales buques ántes de la declaratoria de la guerra, i aun despues, si hubiesen sido embarcadas en dichos buques sin tener noticia de ella; pero las partes contratantes convienen en que, pasados dos meses despues de la declaratoria de la guerra, sus respectivos ciudadanos no podrán alegar ignorancia. Por el contrario, si la bandera neutral no protejiere las propiedades enemigas, entónces serán libres los efectos i mercaderías de la parte neutral embarcadas en buques enemigos. Art. 17. Esta libertad de navegacion i comercio se estenderá a todo jénero de mercaderías, esceptuando únicamente aquellas que se distinguen con el nombre de contrabando; i bajo este nombre de contrabando o efectos prohibidos se comprenderán : 1.o Cañones, morteros, obuces, pedreros, trabucos, fusiles, rifles, carabinas, pistolas, picas, espadas, sables, lanzas, chusos, alabardas; i granadas, bombas, pólvora, mechas, balas, con todas las demas cosas correspondientes al uso de estas armas; 2. Escudos, casquetes, corazas, cotas de malla, fornituras i vestidos hechos en forma i a usanza militar; 3.o Bandoleras i caballos con sus arneses; 4. I jeneralmente, toda especie de armas e instrumentos de hierro, acero, bronce, cobre i otras materias cualesquiera manufacturadas, preparadas i formadas espresamente para hacer la guerra por mar o por tierra; 5. Los víveres que se introducen a una plaza sitiada o bloqueada. Art. 18. Todas las demas mercaderías i efectos no comprendidos en los artículos de contrabando esplícitamente enumerados i clasificados en el artículo anterior, serán tenidos i reputados como libres i de lícito i lejítimo comercio, de modo que podrán ser conducidos i trasportados de la manera mas franca, por los ciudadanos de ámbas partes contratantes, aun a los lugares pertenecientes a enemigo, esceptuando solo aquellas plazas que se hallen actualmente sitiadas o bloqueadas; i para evitar en el particular toda duda, se declaran sitiadas o bloqueadas solamente aquellas plazas que en la actualidad estuvieren atacadas por una fuerza de un belijerante capaz de impedir la entrada del neutral. Art. 19. Los artículos de contrabando ántes enumerados i clasificados, que se hallen en un buque destinado a puerto enemigo, estarán sujetos a detencion i confiscacion, dejando libre el resto del cargamento, i el buque, para que los dueños puedan disponer de ellos como lo tengan por conveniente. Ningun buque de cualquiera de las dos Naciones será detenido en alta mar por tener a su bordo artículos de contrabando, siempre que el maestre, capitan o sobre-cargo de dicho buque quiera entregar los artículos de contrabando al apresador, a menos que la cantidad de dichos artículos sea tan grande i de tanto volúmen que no puedan ser recibidos a bordo before the declaration of war, or even afterwards, if it were done without the knowledge of it; but the contracting parties agree that two months having elapsed after the declaration of war, their citizens shall not plead ignorance thereof. On the contrary, if the flag of the neutral does not protect the enemies' property, in that case the goods and merchandise of the neutral embarked on such enemies' ship shall be free. Art. 17. This liberty of navigation and commerce shall extend to all kinds of merchandise, excepting those only which are distinguished by the name of contraband and under this name of contraband, or prohibited goods, shall be comprehended: 1st. Cannons, mortars, howitzers, swivels, blunderbusses, muskets, rifles, carabines, pistols, pikes, swords, sabres, lances, spears, halberts; and grenades, bombs, powder, matches, balls, and all other things. belonging to the use of those arms. 2nd. Bucklers, helmets, breastplates, coats of mail, infrantry belts, and clothes made up in the form and for the military use. 3rd. Cavalary belts, and horses with their furniture. 4th. And generally all kind of arms and instruments of iron, steel, brass, and copper, or of any other materials manufactured, prepared, and formed expressly to make war by sea or land. 5th. Provisions that are imported into a besieged or blockaded place. Art. 18. All other merchandise and things not comprehended in the articles of contraband, explicitly enumerated and classified as above, shall be held and considered as free, and subjects of free and lawful commerce, so that they may be carried and transported in the freest manner by the citizens of both the contracting parties, even to places belonging to an enemy, excepting those places only which are at that time besieged or blockaded; and to avoid all doubt in this particular, it is declared, that those places only are besieged or blockaded, which are actually attacked by a belligerent force capable of preventing the entry of the neutral. Art. 19. The articles of contraband, before enumerated and classified, which may be found in a vessel bound for an enemy's port, shall be subject to detention and confiscation, leaving free the rest of the cargo and the ship, that the owners may dispose of them as they see proper. No vessel of either of the two nations shall be detained on the high seas on account of having on board articles of contraband, whenever the master, captain, or supercargo of said vessel will deliver up the articles of contraband to the captor, unless the quantity of such articles be so great and of so large a bulk, that they cannot be received on board the capturing. del buque apresador sin graves inconvenientes; pero en este, i en todos los demas casos de justa detencion, el buque detenido será enviado al puerto mas inmediato, cómodo i seguro, para que allí se siga el juicio i se dicte sentencia conforme a las leyes. Art. 20. I por cuanto frecuentemente sucede que los buques navegan para un puerto o lugar perteneciente a un enemigo, sin saber que se halle sitiado, bloqueado o embestido, se conviene en que a todo buque, en tales circunstancias, se le pueda hacer retroceder de dicho puerto o lugar; pero no será detenido, ni confiscada parte alguna de su cargamento, no siendo contrabando; a ménos que despues de la intimacion de semejante bloqueo o embestimiento por el Comandante de las fuerzas bloqueadoras, intentare otra vez entrar; pero le será permitido ir a cualquiera otro puerto o lugar a donde lo tuviere por conveniente. Ni a buque alguno que no hubiere entrado en un puerto ántes de que estuviere sitiado, bloqueado o embestitido, se le impedirá salir de él con su cargamento; ni siendo hallado allí despues de la rendicion i entrega del lugar, estarán sujetos a confiscacion el tal buque o su cargamento, sino que serán restituidos a sus dueños. Art. 21. Con el objeto de prevenir todo jénero de desórden en la visita i reconocimiento de los buques i cargamentos de ámbas partes contratantes en alta mar, han convenido mútuamente, que siempre que un buque nacional de guerra se encontrare con un neutral de la otra parte contratante, el primero permanecerá fuera de tiro de cañon, salvo en caso de mala mar, i podrá enviar su bote, con dos o tres hombres solamente, para verificar el dicho reconocimiento de los papeles concernientes a la propiedad i carga del buque, sin ocasionarle la menor estorsion, violencia o mal trato, sobre lo cual serán responsables con sus personas i bienes los Comandantes del dicho buque armado. Para este fin, los Comandantes de buques armados por cuenta de particulares estarán obligados, ántes de recibir sus patentes, a dar fianza suficiente para responder de los perjuicios que puedan causar. I se ha convenido espresamente, que en ningun caso se exijirá de la parte neutral que vaya a bordo del buque reconocedor con el fin de exhibir sus papeles, o para cualquiera otro objeto. Art 22. Para evitar toda clase de vejámen i abuso en el escrutinio de los papeles relativos a la propiedad de los buques pertenecientes a los ciudadanos de las dos partes contratantes, estas han convenido i convienen, que en caso de que una de ellas estuviere en guerra, los buques i bajeles pertenecientes a los ciudadanos de la otra deberán proveerse con patentes de navegacion o pasaportes en que se espresen el nombre, propiedad i capacidad del buque, como tambien el nombre i el lugar de la residencia del maestre o comandante, a fin de que se vea que el buque pertenece real i verdaderamente a los ciudadanos de una de las partes: i han convenido igualmente, que, estando cargados los espresados buques, ademas de las ship without great inconvenience; but in this and all other cases of just detention, the vessel detained shall be sent to the nearest convenient and safe port for trial and judgement according to law. Art. 20. And whereas it frequently happens that vessels sail for a port or place belonging to an enemy, without knowing that the same is besieged, or blockaded, or invested, it is agreed that every vessel so circumstanced may be turned away from such port or place, but shall not be detained, nor shall any part of her cargo, if not contraband, be confiscated, unless, after warning of such blockade or investment from the commanding officer of the blockading forces, she shall again attempt to enter; but she shall be permitted to go to any other port or place she shall think proper. Nor shall any vessel that may have entered into such port before the same was actually besieged, blockaded, or invested by the other, be restrained from quitting that place with her cargo; nor if found therein after the reduction and surrender, shall such vessel or her cargo be liable to confiscation, but they shall be restored to the owners thereof. Art. 21. In order to prevent all kind of disorder in the visiting and examination of the ships and cargoes of both the contracting parties on the high seas, they have agreed mutually, that whenever a national vessel of war, public or private, shall meet with a neutral of the other contracting party, the first shall remain out of cannon shot, unless in stress of weather, and may send its boat with two or three men only, in order to execute the said examination of the papers concerning the ownership and cargo of the vessel, without causing the least extortion, violence, or ill treatment, for which the commanders of said armed ships shall be responsible with their persons and property; for which purpose the commanders of private armed vessels shall, before receiving their commssions, give sufficient security to answer for all the damages they may commit. And it is expressly agreed, that the neutral party shall in no case be required to go on board the examining vessel, for the purpose of exhibiting her papers, or for any other purpose whatever. Art. 22. To avoid all kind of vexation and abuse in the examination of the papers relating to the ownership of the vessels belonging to the citizens of the two contracting parties, they have agreed, and do hereby agree, that in case one of them should be engaged in war, the ships and vessels belonging to the citizens of the other must be furnished with sea letters or passports expressing the name, property, and bulk of the ship. as also the name and place of habitation of the master and commander of the said vessel, in order that it may thereby appear that the ship really and truly belongs to the citizens of one of the parties; they have likewise agreed, that when such ships have a cargo, they shall also be provided, |