1

1

429

men.

dies.

Method of contained in these cavities, under one view, an incision is to
them up; and then the cavities are to be stitched very close Embalming
opening a be made on each side of the fernum, in the courfe of the car, with the glover's or spiral future. Large and deep incifions dead Bu.
dead Body.
tilages of the ribs which are annexed to it; diffecting from are also to be made in all the most fleshy parts, cleanin; and
thence the mufcles with the teguments, the space of two or washing them with the tincture in the fame manner, filling
Of opening three inches towards the fpine; then cutting through the them with the antifeptic fpices, and ftitching them up.
the thorax cartilages, which will be feen, and easily divided with a Then the head, trunk, and limbs, are to be perfectly well
and abdo knife a little curved near the point; then the incifions are to covered with cerecloth putting a piece under the chin, to
be continued from the fternum through the abdominal cavi- be fecured by fewing on the top of the head, after having
ty, in an oblique direction, to each ilium or inguen; after well adjusted the cap of the fkull, fewed the scalp together,
which the clavicles are to be feparated from the fternum, and cleaned the mouth, as has been directed for the other
or this bone divided at its fuperior cartilaginous junction, parts, and putting in fome of the fpices. The cerecloth is
with a ftrong knife, diffecting it from the mediastinum, and to be prepared, according to art, with a compofition made
turning it downwards with the mufcles, &c. of the abdo- of wax, rofin, ftorax, and painter's drying oil. After the
This is the most eligible manner of opening these application of the cerecloth, with great care and exactness,
cavities, and gives an opportunity of fewing them up with cut into fuitable pieces according to the refpective parts,
a better appearance for any perfon's view afterwards. That and clofing them well everywhere, the face being clofe fha
kind of ftitch called by fempftreffes the herring-bone or ved, is to be covered with fome of the above compofition
flat feam has a very pretty and neat effect upon these oc- melted, and laid on with a brush of a proper degree of heat,
cafions.
and of a moderate thicknefs; which may have a faint flesh-
colour given it with vermilion; and when it is grown cold and
ftiff upon this part, it may be lightly covered with hard
varnish; or this varnish, applied thick, may here serve the
purpose alone. A cap is to be well adapted to the head, fall-
ing down upon the neck, and to be fewed under the chin,
making a few circular turns about the neck with a roller of
a proper breadth. All the rest of the corpfe is to be inclosed
in a fheet, to be artfully cut, and fewed on very close and
fmooth, with the fineft tape, and the flat feam mentioned in
the preceding chapter; over which an appropriate drefs is to
be put, as the relations or friends think fit to direct and ap-
point, and then laid into the coffin, which should be in rea-
dinefs: but when it is fome great perfonage, who is to lie in
state for public view before the funeral rites are folemnized,
the dress must be appropriated to his dignity and character.
The brain and other vifcera are to be put with some of the
fpices into a leaden box. Sometimes the heart, prepared
as has been directed, to preserve it from putrefaction, is de-
pofited in an urn by itself.

430

When the

come pu

trid, how it

If it is proposed to take out the thoracic and abdominal vifcera together, for further examination, the diaphragm is first to be cut down to the fpine on both fides; then, to avoid being incommoded with blood, &c. two very ftrong ligatures are to be paffed round the cefophagus and large blood-veffels, in which the trachea may be included; tying them strait, and then dividing these parts between the ligatures: the fame measures are to be taken in respect to the inferior vessels upon the lumbar region, a little above the bifurcation of the aorta, including the vena cava; and alfo upon the rectum. After having obferved these precautions, the vifcera, with the diaphragm, are to be removed by a wary diffection, all the way close to the fpine; and by gently drawing them at the fame time, the feparation will be greatly facilitated.

When the thoracic and abdominal viscera are to be taken out separately, in the first cafe ligatures must be made, as have been described upon the veffels, &c. just above the diaphragm, and in the other juft below it, and upon the rectum.

Should we be called upon to perform this office when the body is be- body is become very putrid, it will be abfolutely neceffary to have such parts of it well washed with warm vinegar and is to be ma brandy, and then sprinkled with lavender-water or fome naged. fuch odoriferous antiputrefcent liquor, before the examination, in order to correct the ft.nch, and defend us against the noxious quality of the effluvia; a precaution, the neglect of which may be attended with very direful effects.

1

CHAP. XXXVIII. Of Embalming dead Bodies.
In the early ages of the world, the practice of embalm-
ing dead bodies was very common, particularly among the
Egyptians; but it has long been disused in almost all coun-
tries, except for great perfonages. See EMBALMING. The
following directions are taken from Mr Gooch, to whom
they were communicated by a perfon of great character, and
well acquainted with the modern practice of embalming in
this kingdom.

After evifceration, as has been directed in opening a dead
body, and continuing the incifion farther upwards, even into
the mouth, and, if practicable, without cutting the fkin of
the neck, all the cavities are to be well cleanfed, and the
humidity fucked up with sponges, then washed with tind.
myrrha, and filled with a fpecies compounded of fragrant
herbs, aromatic drugs, and gums reduced to powder not
very fine, first restoring the heart to its former refidence, af-
ter having opened its ventricles, cleanfed and washed them
with the tincture,, ftuffed them with the fpices, and sewed

Fig. 4. A forceps for extracting polypi. See n 113. Fig. 5. A flit probe for conducting a ligature to the root. of a polypus. See n° 114.

114.

Fig. 6. A ring for affilting in fecuring a ligature upon the root of a polypus. See n Fig. 7. A double canula for fixing a ligature upon the root of a polypus. See n 114.

Fig. 8. The moft approved form of a lancet for the operation of blood-letting. See n° 131.

Fig. 9. A jugum cervicis recommended by fome practitioners in venefection in the neck. See no 137. Fig. 10. A bandage for making compreffion after performing the operation of arteriotomy at the temples. See n° 145.

Fig. 11. A fcarificator with 16 lancets, used in the ope-
ration of cupping,
ration of cupping. See n° 146.

Fig. 12. A cupping-glafs. See no 147.
Fig. 13. A feton needle.
See n° 153.

Fig. 14. The common crooked needle used in making fu
See no 154.

tures.

Fig. 15. a, b, Two pins of different forms ufed in the twisted

Explana-,

tion of the Plates.

1

Explana.

Fig. 74. A spring trufs for an inguinal or femoral hernia practitioners in the operation for fiftula in ano.

tion of the of one fide. See no 277. Plates.

T

Fig. 75. A fpring trufs for an inguinal or femoral hernia
of both fides.
See no 277.

Fig. 76. A fpring trufs for an umbilical hernia. See
n° 277.

Fig. 77. Mr André's trocar for evacuating the contents
of an encysted hydrocele.
See n° 299.

Fig. 78. Mr B. Bell's trocar for operating in hydrocele.
See no 299.

Fig. 79. A fufpenfory bandage for the fcrotum.
n° 299.

See

See

Fig. 80. A ftraight-edged fharp-pointed biftoury.
304.
Fig. 81. A bag of refina elaftica, with a top-cock and
fhort pipe, which fits the canula of the trocars fig. 77, 78.
for the purpose of injecting wine and other fluids into the
cavity of the tunica vaginalis in the cafe of hydrocele. See
n° 306.

Fig. 82. A found used in searching for the ftone.
n° 321.

See

Fig. 83. A grooved staff for the operation of lithotomy.
See n° 332.

Fig. 84. A cutting gorget. See n° 332.

n° 355.

See Explana. tion of the Plats.

Fig 102. A wire of filver or lead, with a tube of the fame metal, for laying open a fiftula in ano. See no 355.

Fig. 103. A bandage for fupporting the end of the rec tum in cafes of prolapfus ani. See Chap. XXX. Se&t. vii.

Fig. 104. Mr Park's leather-cafe for fupporting the forearm after luxations of the joints or fractures of the bones of the fuperior extremities. See no 392.

Fig 105. a, b, Splints of wood glued to leather, and af terwards cut, as reprefented in the figures. They are used for fractures of the bones of the extremities, particularly for thofe of the fore arm or leg. See no 397.

Fig. 106. Reprefents a fractured limb dreffed with an eighteen-tailed bandage, and placed in the manner recommended by Mr Pott. See n° 397.

Fig 107. Mr Gooche's machine, improved by Dr Ait. ken, for keeping a fractured thigh-bone properly extended. The upper circular bandage goes round the waift, the un der one fixes immediately above the knee. See no 397.

Fig. 108. A bandage for a fractured patella. See n° 398. Fig. 109. A wooden fplint for a fractured leg. See n399.

PLATE CCCCXCII. Fig. 110. Mr James's machine,

Fig. 85. A double gorget invented by Dr Monro. See which is an improvement upon one invented fome years ago 1 332

Fig. 86. Extracting forceps. See n° 332.

Fig. 87. A fcoop. See n° 332.

Fig. 88. A grooved ftaff for the operation of lithotomy in females. Sée no 334.

Fig. 89. A tube containing a pair of elaftic forceps for extracting ftones from the urethra. See n° 336.

PLATE CCCCXCI. Fig. 90. A jugum penis used in
cafes of incontinence of urine in men. See n° 338.
Fig. 91. Peffaries for fupporting the uterus in cafes of
prolapfus uteri in females. a, A peffary of wood or ivory.
, One of refina elaftica. See no 338.

Fig. 92. A receiver, which has been lately used with ad-
vantage in cafes of incontinence of urine in the male. See
n° 338.

Fig. 93. A receiver, which has been lately used, in a few
cafes, with advantage in the female. See n° 338.
Fig. 94. A catheter for a male. See n° 340.

Fig. 95. A catheter for a female.

Fig. 96. A bougie. See n° 345.

See no 340.

Fig. 97. Mr Hunter's cauftic conductor.

Fig. 98. A biftoury used in the operation for phymofis.
See n° 347.

Fig. 99. A biftoury used in amputating the penis.
Chap. XXIX. Sect. iv.

See

Fig. 99. a, A filver canula for conducting the urine af fer amputation of the penis. See Ib.

Fig. roo. A biftoury, with a probe of flexible filver join ́ed to it, to be used in the operation for fiftula in ano. See n° 355.

by Mr White of Manchester for retaining fractured thighs or bones of the leg in their natural fituation. See no 402. Fig. 111. The common collar used in diftortions of the fpine. See no 404.

Fig. 112. Stays recommended by Mr Jones for diftor. tions of the spine. See n° 404.

Fig. 113. An apparatus for a distortion of the leg. See ne 404.

Fig. 114. An apparatus for a distorted leg, where the fole is turned much out of its natural direction. See n°404.

Fig. 115. Shoes which have been used with advantage in cafes of club-feet. See n° 474.

Fig. 116. An amputating knife. See n° 407.
Fig. 117. Retractor of cloth or leather, used in amputa
ting the larger extremities. See Ib.

Fig. 118. Iron retractors recommended by Dr Monro in amputation of the larger extremities. See Ïb.

Fig. 119. The amputating saw now most generally used.. See Ib.

Fig. 120. Pincers for nipping off any points of bone which may remain after the faw has been ufed. See Ib.

Fig. 121. A catline ufed in an amputation of the leg.
See n° 411.

Fig. 122. A fpring faw employed in amputating the fin
gers.
See no 415.

Fig. 123. An instrument invented by Mr Moore of London for compreffing the nerves, and thereby diminishing. pain in performing various operations upon the extremities. See Chap. XXXV.

Fig. 124. An apparatus invented by the late Dr Monro Fig. 101. A biftoury, which has been lately used by fome for the cure of a rupture of the tendo Achillis. See n° 24,

9.

16.

17.

19.

7