Secretary of State to organize Assembly.

Expulsion.

Journals to be kept.

Governor shall not attend as president, or shall act as Governor. The Secretary of State shall call the Assembly to order at the opening of each new Assembly, and preside over it until a presiding officer thereof shall have been chosen and shall have taken his seat. No member shall be expelled by either house, except by a vote of a majority of all the members elected to that house, and no member shall be twice expelled for the same offence.

SEC. 9. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings and publish the same, except such parts as may require secrecy. Secret session. The doors of each house shall be kept open, except when the public welfare shall require secrecy. Neither house shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than two days.

Recess.

No member to be questioned, &c.

Bills may originate in either house.

Enacting clause of bills.

Assent of a majority of all

the members required.

SEC. 10. For any speech or debate in the Legislature the members shall not be questioned in any other place.

SEC. 11. Any bill may originate in either house of the Legislature; and bills passed by one house may be amended by the other.

SEC. 12. The enacting clause of bills shall be "The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows," and no law shall be passed except by bill.

SEC. 13. No bill shall be passed unless by the assent of a majority of the members elected to each house. The question upon the final passage shall be taken immediately upon the last final passage. reading; and the yeas and nays shall be entered on the journal.

Question on

Restriction as to all laws.

How far void.

Alteration or

amendment of laws.

Final adjournment.

Private claims.

Extra compensa

tion prohibited.

SEC. 14. No law shall embrace more than one subject, which shall be named in the title; but if the title contain only one subject, the law shall be valid as to that, and void as to all other subjects. No law shall be revived, altered or amended by reference to its title only, but the act revived, or the section or sections thereof as altered or amended, shall be re-enacted and published at length.

SEC. 15. On the day of its final adjournment, the Legislature shall adjourn at twelve o'clock at noon.

SEC. 16. The Legislature shall not audit or allow any private claim or account against the State, nor pass any special law in relation thereto, but may appropriate money to pay such claims as shall have been audited and allowed according to law.

SEC. 17. The Legislature shall not grant any extra compensa tion to any public officer, servant, agent or contractor, nor

nant-Governor shall not attend as president, or shall act as Governor.

kept.

Recess.

SEC. 11. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, Journals to be and publish the same, except such parts as may require secrecy. The doors of each house shall be kept open, except when the Secret session. public welfare shall require secrecy. Neither house shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than two days. SEC. 12. For any speech or debate in either house of the No member to be Legislature, the members shall not be questioned in any other place.

questioned, &c.

nate in either house.

SEC. 13. Any bill may originate in either house of the Legis- Bills may origilature, and all bills passed by one house may be amended by the other.

of bills.

jority of all

SEC. 14. The enacting clause of all bills shall be "The People Enacting clause of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows," and no law shall be enacted except by bill. SEC. 15. No bill shall be passed unless by the assent of a ma- Assent of a majority of all the members elected to each branch of the Legis- the members relature, and the question upon the final passage shall be taken immediately upon its last reading, and the yeas and nays entered on the journal.

quired. Question on final passage.

private and local bills.

SEC. 16. No private or local bill, which may be passed by the Restriction as to Legislature, shall embrace more than one subject and that shall be expressed in the title.

1

When office deemed vacant.

increase or diminish any compensation, except that of judicial officers, during the term of service.

SEC. 18. The cases in which any office shall be deemed vacant shall be defined by general laws, when no provision is made for that purpose in this constitution; and the Legislature shall provide for filling vacancies in office. In case of elective offices, office, how filled. any person appointed to fill a vacancy, shall hold the office until a successor shall be elected and duly qualified according to law.

Vacancies in

Removal from
office.

Duration of

office.

Political year.

SEC. 19. Provision shall be made by law for the removal, for misconduct in office, of all officers, except judicial, whose powers and duties are not local or legislative, and who shall be elected at general elections, and also for filling vacancies caused by such removal.

SEC. 20. When the term of any office is not prescribed by this constitution, it may be declared by law; and if not so declared, such office shall be held during the pleasure of the authority making the appointment.

SEC. 21. The political year and legislative term shall begin on the first day of January.

(See Art. III., Sec. 7, Proposed Constitution.)

Certain offices
prohibited.

Lotteries pro-
hibited.

Notice to be

or local

SEC. 22. No office shall be created for weighing, gauging, culling or inspecting any merchandise, manufactures, produce or commodity whatever; but nothing in this section shall affect any office created for the purpose of protecting the public health or the interests of the State in its property, revenue, tolls or purchases, or of supplying the people with correct standards of weights and measures, or shall prevent the creation of any offices for such purposes.

SEC. 23. Lotteries and the sale of lottery tickets are prohibited.

SEC. 24. No local or private bill shall be passed, unless notice given of private of the intention to apply therefor shall have been given in the manner now, or hereafter to be provided by law; nor shall such notice ever be waived; and the fact, or omission of notice, shall always be open to inquiry.

ARTICLE X.

SEC. 8. The Legislature may declare the cases in which any office shall be deemed vacant, when no provision is made for that purpose in this constitution.

When office deemed vacant.

Vacancies in

SEC. 5. The Legislature shall provide for filling vacancies in office, and in case of elective officers, no person appointed to fill office, how filled. a vacancy shall hold his office by virtue of such appointment longer than the commencement of the political year next succeeding the first annual election after the happening of the vacancy.

office.

SEC. 7. Provision shall be made by law for the removal for Removal from misconduct or malversation in office, of all officers (except judicial) whose powers and duties are not local or legislative, and who shall be elected at general elections, and also for supplying vacancies created by such removal.

SEC. 3. When the duration of any office is not provided by this constitution, it may be declared by law, and if not so declared, such office shall be held during the pleasure of the authority making the appointment.

SEC. 6. The political year and legislative term, shall begin on the first day of January; and the Legislature shall, every year, assemble on the first Tuesday in January, unless a different day shall be appointed by law.

ARTICLE V.

Duration of office.

Political year.

Legislature to meet.

abolished.

SEC. 8. All offices for the weighing, gauging, measuring, Certain offices culling or inspecting any merchandise, produce, manufacture or commodity whatever, are hereby abolished, and no such office shall hereafter be created by law; but nothing in this section contained, shall abrogate any office created for the purpose of protecting the public health or the interests of the State in its property, revenue, tolls, or purchases, or of supplying the people with correct standards of weights and measures, or shall prevent the creation of any office for such purposes hereafter. (See Art. I., Sec. 10, Present Constitution.)

(See Art. III., Sec. 16, Present Constitution.)

special laws

Certain local or SEC. 25. The Legislature shall not pass local or special laws: prohibited. authorizing the sale, mortgaging or leasing of the real property of minors, or other persons under disability; changing the names of persons; for laying out, working or discontinuing public or private roads or highways; for granting to any individual, association or corporation the right to lay down railroad tracks; or in any case for which provision now exists or shall hereafter be Certain general made by any general law. The Legislature shall pass general laws providing for the cases before enumerated in this section, and for all other cases which in its judgment can be provided for by general law.

laws to be passed.

Street railroads.

authorities.

Consent of owners.

But no law shall be passed granting the right to construct and operate a street railroad within any city, town, or incorporated Consent of local village, without the consent of the local authorities having the control and management of the street or highway proposed to be occupied, and also the consent of the owners of at least one-third in value of the property, according to the assessment roll of the previous year, bounded on that portion of each street or highway over which it is proposed to construct the same; or in case the consent of such property owners cannot be obtained, then without Or of Supreme the consent of the general term of the supreme court of the district in which such road is proposed; such consent to be obtained and authenticated in such manner as the Legislature shall by general law for that purpose provide.

Court.

Executive power, how vested.

Requisite qualifications of gover

ARTICLE IV.

SECTION 1. The executive power shall be vested in a governor, who shall hold his office for two years; a lieutenant-governor shall be chosen at the same time and for the same term.

SEC. 2. No person shall be eligible to the office of governor or nor and lieute lieutenant-governor, except a citizen of the United States, who shall have attained the age of thirty years, and have been five years next preceding his election a resident of the State.

nant-governor.

Time and manner of electing governor and lieutenant-gover

nor.

SEC. 3. The governor and lieutenant-governor shall be elected at the times and places of choosing members of the Assembly. The persons having the highest number of votes for governor and lieutenant-governor shall be elected; but in case two or more shall have an equal vote and the highest number of votes for either of said offices, the Legislature at the next annual session, shall forthwith, by joint ballot, elect one of the said persons to the office for which he shall have received said vote.