THE

AMERICAN JOURNAL

OF

SCIENCE AND ARTS.

CONDUCTED BY

PROFESSORS B. SILLIMAN, B. SILLIMAN, Jr.,

AND

JAMES D. DANA,

IN CONNECTION WITH

PROF. ASA GRAY, OF CAMBRIDGE,
PROF. LOUIS AGASSIZ, OF CAMBRIDGE,
DR. WOLCOTT GIBBS, OF NEW YORK.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XX.

NUMBER LVIII.

Page.

ART. I. The Smithsonian Institution,

1

II. Description of a new species of Clathropteris, discovered in
the Connecticut Valley Sandstone; by E. HITCHCOCK, Jr., M.D., 22

III. On the Periodical Variations of the Declination and Directive

Force of the Magnetic Needle; by Prof. W. A. NORTON,

IV. On the Periodical Rise and Fall of the Lakes; by MAJOR

LACHLAN,

26

45

V. Remarks on the changes which take place in the Structure

and Composition of Mineral Veins near the surface, with

particular reference to the East Tennessee Copper Mines;

by J. D. WHITNEY,

53

VI. On a Universal Indicator for Microscopes; by Prof. J. W.

BAILEY.-With a Plate,p.152

58

65

VII. On the Composition of Eggs in the animal series; by VA-

LENCIENNES and FREMY.-Part III,

VIII. Observations on the Extent of the Gold Region of Califor

nia and Oregon, with notices of Mineral localities in Cali-

fornia, and of some remarkable specimens of Crystalline

Gold; by WM. P. BLAKE,

IX. Analysis of Idocrase from Ducktown, Polk Co., Tenn.; by

J. W. MALLET, Ph.D.,

X. Observations on Binocular Vision; by Prof. W. B. ROGERS,

XI. Researches in Magnetisation; by M. JEROME NICKLÈS,

XII. Correspondence of M. JEROME NICKLÈS-Annual Session of

the Academy of Sciences, 102.-Spongy Metals used in

therapeutics Telegraphic messages simultaneous in two

directions-Calcium, Barium, Aluminium, 103.-Piscicul-

ture, 104.-Necrology.-M. Gauss, 104; L. G. Duvernoy,

105.-Magnetic force of Oxygen: Oxygen in the nascent

72

85

86

99

state; Ozone, 108.-Attempts to insulate Fluorine: Alu-

minium, Silicium, &c. &c.: Spongy Metals, 109.-Paris

Universal Exhibition, 110.-Photography; Employment of

the Cyanid of Iodine: Artificial Alcohol, 111.-Changes in

the scientific corps at Paris : Bibliography, 112.

SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.

Physics.-On the Expansion of certain substances by Cold, by W. J. MACQUORN RAN-

KINE, F.R.SS., etc., 113.-On the Nature of the Force by which Bodies are repelled

from the Poles of a Magnet; preceded by an account of some Experiments on Mole-

cular Influences, by JOHN TYNDALL, Ph.D., F.R.S., 114.-Further Experiments and

Remarks on the Measurement of Heights by the Boiling Point of Water, by Professor

J. D. FORBES, 117.

Mineralogy and Geology-Herrerite identical with Smithsonite, by Dr. F. A. GENTH, 118.

-Analyses of the Meteoric Iron from Tuczon, Province of Sonora, Mexico, by Dr.

F. A. GENTH, 119.--On the Physical Geology of the Himalaya, by CAPTAIN RICHARD

STRACHEY, F.R.S., F.G.S., 121.-Eruption of Vesuvius, 125.-Notice of recent publi-

cations, 128, 129.

Botany and Zoology.-Poetry of the Vegetable World, by M. J. SCHLEIDEN M.D., edited

by ALPHONSO WOOD, M.A., 129.-De Vriese and Harting; Monographie des Marat-

tiacées Pritzel; Iconum Botanicarum Index Locupletissimus: Botany of the Southern

States, by Prof. JOHN DARBY, A.M., 131.-Wheat from Egilops, 134.-Botanical Ne-

crology and Intelligence: Description of a New genus of Crinoidea; by LUNSFORD P.

YANDELL, M.D., 135.—

Astronomy-Elements of Dien's Comet: New Planets: New Comet, 137.-Cause of the

Zodiacal Light, by Rev. GEORGE JONES, 138.

Miscellaneous Intelligence.—Contributions to Meteorology, by CHARLES SMALLWOOD, M.D.,

139.-Microscopes of American Manufacture, 142.-Melloni: On the Application of

Photography to Astronomical Observations, by Sir JOHN F. W. HERSCHEL, 143.-Pres-

ervation of Insects: Geological Survey of Great Britain: American Association for the

Advancement of Science, 144.-Anesthesis, 145.—Obituary.—Sir Henry Thomas de la

Beche, 145; G. B. Greenough, 147.-A Treatise on the Differential and Integral Cal-

culus, and on the Calculus of Variations, by EDWD. H. COURTENAY, LL.D.: Practical

Meteorology, by JOHN DREW, Ph.D., F.R.A.S., 148.-Report on the Agriculture and

Geology of Mississippi, by B. L. WAILES: Contributions to the Natural History of the

United States, by LOUIS AGASSız, 149.-Report on Crustacea, by JAMES D. DANA: No-

tices of new publications, 151, 152.

NUMBER LIX.

Page.

XIII. Notice of the Pitch Lake of Trinidad; by Mr. N. S.

MANROSS,

153

XIV. On the Harrison Tornado, Ohio, February 14, 1854; by

Prof. O. N. STODDARD,

161

XV. On the Geographical Distribution of Crustacea, by JAMES

D. DANA,

168

XVI. On the Grooving and Polishing of hard Rocks and Mine-

rals by dry Sand; by WILLIAM P. BLAKE,

XVII. The Vegetable Individual in its relation to Species; by

Dr. ALEXANDER BRAUN,

XVIII. On Different Centers of Primitive Civilization; by THOMAS

H. MCLEOD, .

XIX. Additional Note on Arachis hypogaa; by GEORGE BEN-

THAM, Esq.,

·

181

201

202

204

XX Observations on Binocular Vision; by Professor WILLIAM B.

ROGERS,

XXI. On the identity of Sanguinarine and Chelerithrine, and on

the direct determination of Nitrogen; by Dr. JAMES SCHIEL, 220

XXII. On an apparent Perturbation of the Law of Definite Pro-
portions observed in the Compounds of Zinc and Antimony;
by JOSIAH P. COOKE, JR.-With a plate,

XXIII. Demonstration of the Apparent Motion of the plane of

Oscillation of the Pendulum, due to the Earth's Rotation;

by J. G. BARNARD, A.M.,

.5.304

222

238

XXIV. Reëxamination of American Minerals: PART V.-The

Minerals of the Wheatley Mine in Pennsylvania.-Anglesite;

Cerusite; Wulfenite; Vanadate of Lead; Pyromorphite;

Mimetene; Galena; Copper; Copper Pyrites; Malachite;

Azurite; Blende; Calamine; Hematite; Fluor Spar; Calc

Spar; Sulphur, &c.; by Prof. J. LAWRENCE SMITH, M.D.,

XXV. On the Meteorology of Oroomiah; by Rev. D. T. STODDARD, 254

XXVI. Correspondence of M. JEROME NICKLES-Aluminium and

Sodium, 258.-Fulminating power of Silver in the state of

Sponge Physiological and Therapeutic effects of Carbonic

Acid, 260.-Thermogenic Apparatus: Gas from Peat, 261.

-Practical Acoustics; Progressive elevation of the diapa-

son of Orchestras, 262.-Zincography: On Horseflesh for

food, 263.-Bibliography, 264.

242

Chemistry and Physics.-On the formation of alcohol from olefiant gas, 264-On the theory

of the Compounds of Glycerine, 265.-On some new bodies belonging to the Propionyl

Series: On the artificial formation of Oil of Mustard, 266.-Preparation of Metallic

Lithium, 267.

Mineralogy and Geology.-Hunt's Wilsonite a Scapolite, 269.-On Quartz, by M. DES-

CLOIZEAUX, 270.-Note on Heulandite and Scapolite from Arendal, by E. ZSCHAU, 272.

-On a Twin Composition between Malacone and Xenotime Apatite, or Monazite, by

ERNST ZSCHAU: On Prosopite, by GEO. J. BRUSH, 273.-Note on Geology of coun-

try East of Cascade Mountains: Statistics of Coal, 275.