written in 1596. In Fuller's Worthies,' bellow. Probably he merely intended to Essex' : Plenty [of saffron] in this county, growing about Walden, a fair market town; which saffron may seem to have coloured with the name thereof." Also Pepys, 27 Feb., 1660: "Took horse and straight to Saffron Walden." This place, while being called Walden, was also Walden Saffron or popularly known as Saffron Walden. But as to when the latter became a fixed name it is not easy to ascertain, unless the town's charter can determine the date. TOM JONES. FIRE AND NEW-BIRTH (11 S. viii. 325, 376, 418, 454; ix. 14, 113).-Those interested in this subject may well consult her following Bulletins of the Forest-Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Nos. 55, 79, 85, 93; Circular 163. No. 83, p. 23, enumerates various growths after a fire, and one of these, lodgepole pine, is the subject of No. 79, The Life History of Lodgepole Burn Forests.' Of this the final paragraph contains: "The lodgepole forest is the key to the silvicultural treatment of the forests of the Eastern Rocky Mountains, especially in Colorado and Wyoming......And it is by means of fire properly developed into a silvicultural method that the forester will be able to extend or restrict lodgepole reproduction and lodgepole forests at will." Sundry reasons for the value of fire are detailed at p. 55, but the matter does not seem of enough general interest to warrant taking more space here. ROCKINGHAM. Boston, Mass. THE WORD "BILL" IN WORDSWORTH (11 S. ix. 129).-It is clear that Wordsworth, when he wrote when first the bittern's hollow bill Was heard, had in his mind Milton's use of the word "bill" in his sonnet to the nightingale : Thy liquid notes that close the eye of day, First heard before the shallow cuckoo's bill. Wordsworth was steeped in Milton, as every one knows; and Milton probably meant by “bill ” mouth or voice. C. W. BRODRIBB. associate the beak or efficient instrument with the peculiar" boom" that has attracted English poets from Chaucer downwards. In the other two quotations given at the above 66 bill" in reference the poet manifestly uses its ordinary sense. THOMAS BAYNE. "The undersigned, now an old lady of seventy, in early youth knew Mrs. Wright, who had been the widow Cunningham, and whose maiden name of a sister of his who had married a Swiss gentlewas Wallace. She often heard Mr. Wright speak man and who was then in Switzerland. "The Wallaces were no doubt from English descent, and it is probable that Sir William Wallace was Governor of one of the neighbouring English islands, say Tortola, St. Kitts, or perhaps farther on; if this was so, accounts of Sir William Wallace could surely be got at the Foreign Office. "A descendant of Mrs. Wright's sister who lived in Switzerland is now married to a step-grandWetter, was in 1912 residing at 141, Leopold daughter of Mrs. Wright. This gentleman, Herr Strasse, München, Germany. 'N. G. SONDErburg. "St. Thomas, Danish West Indies." Notes on Books. D. L、 The Chronicle of Lanercost, 1272-1346. Translated, with Notes, by the Right Hon. Sir Herbert Maxwell, Bart. (Glasgow, MacLehose & Sons, 17. 18. net.) A WHOLE gulf of feeling separates the admirers of Latin from the lovers of mediæval Latin, very insufficiently bridged by the fact that the words and accidence they use are the same for both tongues. The difference between them is fundamental; no one can feel towards mediæval and classical Latin anything like the same affection you are born a romantic or a classicist, whatever turn your education may give you. The ten dency of modern education to exchange the study of the classics for a diversity of other subjects, something to lessen the disparity in numbers which Sir Herbert Maxwell deplores, will do between these two classes; tutors and schoolmasters spend all their energies in trying to force their pupils into admiration for poets whose music never awakes more than an intellectual sensuousness, or orators whose boredom is only relieved by the contemplation of the intricate marquetry of their periods. But sooner or later the predestined mediavalist strays away from the fold through the wicket gate of Silver Latinity to the language which folk argued or bargained or lies at the root of the tongue he speaks, adventold stories in; or mayhap, hearing that Latin tures on the search and finds there another language than the one he has learnt at so much cost, the tongue of all the world from the farm-bailiff to the mitred saint, and thus comes into his own. It is only quite recently that scholars have begun to suspect the full measure of the debt our language owes to the music of medieval Latin, but there can be no doubt that the number of its students has been steadily growing during the past half-century or so, concurrently with the publication of the immense stores of history and general literature which had up to that time remained in manuscript. Still, in spite of its glorious rhythm, the ease with which it can be learnt-its simplicity, its directness, its strength -there can be no doubt that all of us understand it a little less perfectly than the language we were bred in, and there is every reason to be grateful to those who provide us with good and accurate translations of books we are likely to need. Sir Herbert Maxwell has given us in this very handsome volume a translation of the portion of the Lanercost Chronicle between 1272 and 1346, prefaced by an inquiry into the authorship of the Chronicle by the Rev. James Wilson, who writes an account of the manuscript. It seems a pity that he was not led by the curious arrangement of its early pages to enter on some discussion of the manuscripts from which it was derived, since obviously the breaks would give a fair indication of the size of the leaves from which it was copied. The illustrations, most of them topographical, are excellent. We have nothing but praise for the translation itself; it is at once accurate and readable, preserving the simplicity and force of its original. The principal interest of the work lies in its account of the Border troubles during this period, which includes that of the great struggle for Scottish independence; but readers of wider interests will find it full of anecdotes and legends which well repay perusal, many of them derived from the exempla of wandering Franciscans. A number of origins have bene traced out by the editor, but more still await annotation. One in particular is of great interest as a possible survival of part of the Beowulf story in popular folk-lore-the story of a sort of Grendel who came in the dark into a manor hall in Clydesdale and slew his son. To this Sir Herbert appends the following note, which makes for edification, no doubt, but does not help much: "It is not so easy to understand how Christianity retained its ascendancy among reasonable beings, when its doctrines were enforced by such gross and unscrupulous falsehoods as those with which this chronicle abounds." One of the things which make the Lanercost Chronicle interesting to medieval students is the mention of a Franciscan, brother to Herebert, to whom we owe a debt of gratitude as the preserver of a number of our best manuscripts of Roger Bacon. He is represented as an eye witness of the miracle of the Blessed Sacrament, wounded by a Jew at Paris in 1290-a fact not without its bearing on the question of the nationality of Bacon, and the place in which he spent his last years. It is easy to see, however, that the translator's chief interest lies at home; his notes, excellent so far as they go, are concerned with the identification of Border heroes, places, and dates on which he is an acknowledged authority and with little beyond. There is a very good index of persons and places. We have derived much pleasure from a renewed perusal of the Chronicle in this form, which will, we think, be found indispensable in every library (public or private) on the Border. The edition is strictly limited to 300 copies, 100 of them being printed on special hand-made paper. Chats on Old Coins. By Fred. W. Burgess. (Fisher Unwin, 5s. net.) WHO does not love a chat on old coins, and where is there a house in which there is not some collection, however small? Mr. Burgess is an old collector, and here we have the results of his experience. "Numismatic literature has hitherto been prepared for the specialist," he says, and "few attempts have been made to provide, in a condensed form, a book dealing with the obsolete currencies which have throughout the world's history been used by its most prominent nations." The story of the coinage of Great Britain is unfolded step by step, as well as that of her dependencies. Prominence, too, is given to American currencies. The standard of gold coins in England shortly after Mary's accession was raised to 23 carats 3 grains pure gold. This sovereign, of which an illustration is given, shows a striking similarity to that of Henry VII. The silver coinage under Mary was, however, debased. The type of the shilling of the period is of interest, as it is the only time when the coinage had the joint sovereigns represented face to face. This peculiarity gave rise to the humorous lines:— Still amorous, fond and billing, Like Philip and Mary on a shilling. A few chapters are devoted to the subject of tokens, the illustrations of these being selected from a fine collection formed nearly a hundred years ago. The popularity of Greek coins has been steadily growing for some years past, and their collection "is no longer the exclusive hobby of wealthy men, nor is it confined to those learned in dead languages." Pleasure is to be found in the study of the commoner and less expensive types, which were issued in large numbers in ancient Greece; and while there are rare varieties, there are many really good coins procurable for a moderate outlay. Among the 258 illustrations is the token of Allen & Co., booksellers, "the cheapest booksellers in the world." On the face is a portrait of J. Lackington, 1794. Mr. Burgess refers to the very extensive collection of early leaden tokens now on view in the Guildhall Museum, and these "Chats may increase the number of visitors inspecting them. guide for the collector," but a handy book of The author has produced not only "a practical reference for all. The volume is wonderfully cheap. Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archæological Society. New Series. Vol. II. Part IV. (Bishopsgate Institute.) WE congratulate the Society on the increasing interest of the subjects treated in its Transactions. Mr. R. R. C. Gregory, the author of 'The Story of Royal Eltham,' supplies some notes on Eltham history; and Mr. Arthur Bonner, the editor, writes on Camden and Camden Place. There is a paper by Mr. John Eyre on The Antiquities of the Parish Church of Battersea.' The east window of the church, the Bolingbroke, "is one of the finest heraldic windows in any church in London." Among the monuments is one to Thomas Astle, Keeper of the Records of the Tower. William Curtis, author of Flora Londinensis,' was buried in the island space facing the entrance. Over the grave is a flat stone, inscribed with the verse, now nearly obliterated, While common herbs shall spring wild, Or garden cherish all that's blithe and gay, So long his works shall praise dear Nature's child, So long his memory suffer no decay. Curtis gave us the vegetable seakale, and we owe to him the introduction of many of the field grasses now in common use. BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES.-FEBRUARY. MR. FRANCIS EDWARDS's Catalogue 335 is devoted to Bibliography. It includes the library of William Younger Fletcher, late Assistant Keeper of Printed Books, British Museum. Among works on bookbinding are his English and Foreign Bookbindings,' illustrated by 126 coloured plates, 2 vols., 5l. ; the 'Catalogue of the Bookbindings at the Exhibition of the Burlington Fine Arts Club,' illustrated edition, 12l.; and Hoe's One Hundred and Seventy-Six Historic and Artistic Bookbindings,' 2 vols., imperial 4to, 107. Under Walpole is a fine copy of Royal and Noble Authors, 5 vols., 4to, 1808, maroon morocco by Lewis, 121. Williams's Art of Writing,' 4 vols., folio, unbound as issued, is 5l.; and Wood's Athenæ Oxonienses,' 5 vols., royal 4to, levant extra, 1813-20, 81. 10s. Under CruikThe parish of Rotherhithe is the subject of a paper 4to, Bell & Daldy, 1871, 127. 10s. The presentashank is Reid's Descriptive Catalogue,' 3 vols., by Col. Pearson. Mr. Manchée discourses on Spital-tion copy to Henry Huth of Lord Crawford and fields, Sir George Wheler and his chapel, and St. Mary's, Spital Square, and Mr. Lempriere on Christ's Hospital. Early in 1552 Ridley preached before young Edward VI., and so impressed him by his appeal for the poor that the King sent for him at once, and gave him a letter to the Lord Mayor, which he delivered the same evening. The following day the Lord Mayor, Sir Richard Dobbs, invited Ridley, two Aldermen, and six Commoners to dine and confer with him; a committee was formed, and plans made for dealing with the poverty of the whole of London. They decided to turn the house of the Grey Friars' Monastery, dissolved in 1538, into a hospital for children. Richard Grafton was appointed treasurer, and in November of the same year 200 children, of both sexes, were received into Christ's Hospital; 100 infants were sent "to nurse in the country; 269 persons were admitted to St. Thomas's; and pensions were granted to 600 decayed householders. They seem to have known how to do things in the year 1552. The growth of interest in Archæology was the subject of Sir Edward Brabrook's Presidential Address. The numerous illustrations include a plan of the Grey Friars' Monastery in the fifteenth century. WE have received from the Wigan Free Library Part XI. of the Catalogue of the Reference Department, compiled by Mr. H. T. Folkard. This, although it consists of the letter T only, contains over 300 pages. It is good to read the titles of the various books, and to see that the collection is such a thoroughly catholic one. We naturally turn to the name of our founder, Thoms, and are glad to see nine of his works, besides a set of N. & Q.' The pages of the Catalogue up to the present amount to 4,560. The total number of books in the Reference Library is 78,077. This is exclusive of pamphlets. Well done, Wigan! INDICATION OF HOUSES OF HISTORICAL INTEREST. On the 16th inst. a bronze tablet was, by the direction of the L.C.C., affixed to 59-60, Lincoln's Inn Fields, to commemorate the residence there of Spencer Perceval. Balcarres's Bibliotheca Lindesiana,' 4 vols., small folio, is priced 107. 108. The entire Catalogue is full of interest. MESSRS. HENRY SOTHERAN'S Catalogue 743 describes an interesting collection of works on English Topography, together with a number of engravings of views in Great Britain and Ireland. They have Westall and Owen's Picturesque Tour of the River Thames,' originally a single quarto volume, but extended in this copy to five volumes by the addition of 557 extra illustrations, many of them fine sets of important works, bound by Riviere, 1828, 1251. For 115. is offered another extra-illustrated work, Timbs's Romance of London: Strange Stories, Scenes, and Remarkable Persons of the Great Town,' extended by 829 additions from 3 vols. 8vo to 11 vols. inlaid to quarto size, 1865. A good example of Ackermann's production is Papworth's Select Views of London'-76 aquatints with descriptive text-1816, 257. Nichols's History and Antiquities of Leicestershire' is, as the bibliophile knows, one of those works whose value has been enhanced by misfortune. Produced during the years 1795-1815, a fire in 1808 destroyed the printing office of the author, and with it the whole impression of the work as far as it had gone, with the exception of the copies originally subscribed for. Complete sets are therefore rare. The copy at Messrs. Sotheran's, which is offered for 1407., is believed to be complete. We noticed also two sets of the Harleian Society's publications: a complete one to 1911 of the Visitations' and the 'Registers,' 102 vols, 45/., and one of the Visitations only, 42 vols., including the privately printed Visitation of Herefordshire in 1569,' edited by F. W. Weaver, 421. [Notices of other Catalogues held over.] Notices to Correspondents. EDITORIAL Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries'"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publishers"-at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C. MR. JOHN ROSS DELAFIELD. - Forwarded to L. L. K. QUERIES:-" Treasure trove "-Altars-Jeremiah Hor. rocks, Astronomer, 187- Napoleon's Diversions at St. Helena"-Clearances on Scotch Estates-Colonels of the 24th Regiment-Authors of Quotations WantedSouth Carolina Uniform-Medieval Common Sense St. John of Jerusalem Rev. T. Gale, 188-Knights Templars and Knights of From the monumental inscription which formerly existed in the church of St. Stephen, Coleman Street, London-quoted in Stow's Survey,' 1633 edition-we know that Anthony Munday was born in 1553. The first evidence we get of his parentage is the entry (under date 1576) in the records of the Stationers' Company, where we find him apprenticed to John Aldee, stationer, and described as "Anthonie Mondaie, sonne of Christopher Mundaye, late of London, draper, deceased." In 1577 the Stationers' Company licensed a book by Munday, and in the same year Mr Mondaye is rated on lands to the value of 51. in the Cripplegate Ward, in Duncan Robertson's 'Journal' "Mongolian"-Glad which ward-i.e., in the parish of St. Giles, stone's Involved Sentences Biographical Information Cripplegate-we know he resided at least Wanted, 190-Page Family-Ayloffe-Abraham Whittaker-Herodotus and Astronomic Geography-Musical from 1584 to 1589. It is unfortunate that Notation-St. Pancras "Two Stones Farm"-Egyptian he is the only person in the ward, in this Book of the Dead, 191. "Of Munday's private life, when he married (if, indeed, he married at all), or how many children he left behind him, we know nothing." In the notice in 'D.N.B.,' by Mr. Thomas Seccombe, we find some additional facts relating to Munday's private life, chief among which are the records of the baptisms of his children. The following notes add considerably to our knowledge of the dramatist, and are the result of research among wills, parish registers, and other documents which do not appear to have been consulted by either of the beforementioned biographers. subsidy, not designated by a Christian name. Freedom List. feri per patrimonium. By Creplegate a Poet. 1585. Mondaye Anthony filius Monday Christo Quarterage Book. Munday must have married his first wife in No record of the marriage or before 1583. St. Giles, Cripplegate, contain the baptisms has been discovered, but the Registers of of his five children and the burial of a daughter who died young. The entries are as follows: 28 June, 1584. Elizabeth, the daughter of Anthony Munday, gent. [baptized]. 17 Oct., 1585. Rose, the daughter of Anthony Monday, gent. [baptized]. 19 Jan., 1585/6. Rose, daughter of Anthony Monday, gent. [buried]. 9 Monday, gent. [baptized]. 27 Jan., 1587/8. Richard, the sonne of Anthony Munday, gent. [baptized]. 5 Sept., 1589. Anne, daughter of Anthony Munday, gent. [baptized]. There are other entries relating to persons of the name of Munday (variously spelt) in these Registers, and in those of St. Bo-enjoye in this world is whollie my deare and tolph without Aldersgate, but none of them at present can be identified as related to the dramatist. Christopher Monday, servant wt Stephen Atkingson, Cowper," buried at St. Giles's in 1604, and Anthony Maundy, who was married at St. Botolph's, in 1653, to Elizabeth Hinson, were possibly of the same family. Anthony Munday the dramatist's son and two of his daughters were living and married in March, 1628/9. Anne, the youngest daughter, is not mentioned in her father's will, and so was probably dead. The writer in the 'D.N.B.' suggests that Anthony's son Richard was "perhaps Richard Munday the painter-stainer, whose heraldic labours are recorded in the Catalogue of the Harleian MSS. (1529–1577).” The records of the Drapers' Company prove this to have been so. The following entry occurs in the Freedom List and in the Quarterage Book for the year 1612"Mundaye Richard filius Munday Anthony per patrimonium. A Paynterstayner by St Buttolphe without Aldersgate." Of this Richard little is known. The Registers of St. Botolph without Aldersgate do not contain any entries relating to him. He was living in 1634, when he lent Harl. MS. 1531 to George Owen, York Herald, for the visitation of co. Beds in that year. It is stated in the Index to the Harl. MSS. that an heraldic book (No. 1530) was "written and tricked by Mr. Giles Campion the Painterstainer, into whose hands the books of Mr. Richard Munday came." 6 Anthony Munday's will (transcribed from the original, which varies somewhat from the official copy in the books at Somerset House) is sufficiently interesting to be quoted verbatim. It is noteworthy that he here spells his own name Mundy," in distinction to Munday," which is the form on the title-pages of all his publications. The MS. of his play John a Kent and John a Cumbar,' however, follows the form in the will. Francis Meres, writing in 1595, refers to Anthony Mundye, our best plotter." "In the name of God Amen I Anthoney Mundy Citizen and Draper of London beinge verie weake and feeble but sound and secure both in mynd & Soule I hartely thancke my Lord God for it, Doe thus ordaine this my last Will and Testament, First, and the most materiall thinge to be remembred, I give and comend my Soule to God that made it, to my blessed Savour that Redeemed it, and to the blessed Spirit that sanctified it, trusting in this sacred Trinitie, to have a happie resurrection at the latter day. Next, whatsoever I loveinge wifes, as being at the first her owne: And I fayleinge of such fortunes (amountinge to Fortie or fiftie poundes yearlie) wch here to fore maintayned me and my former Charge substancially, and whereof I made her a perticuler promise, I have the greater reason to deprive her of nothinge, but if it were a Thousand tymes more then it is, doe thinck all to little for her Creatinge her my said wife Gillian my sole and absolute Executrix, and referinge my funerall affaires whollie to her disposicon, not doubtinge but shee will see them effectuallie performed in what place soever. As for my Sonne Richard Mundy, and my two daughters Elizabeth and Pricilla, being all married haveing had their severall portions already in bountyfull manner, and not knoweinge in what poore condition I married with this my present wife (haveinge indeed deceaved myselfe and her to benefitt them) their expectation from me can be nothinge, because they live in as good (if not better estate) then I did. Nevertheless, to shewe that I forgott them not, I have allowed my Wife Twelve pence apeece for each of them, which they maye take as a love token rather then in any respect of need they have. And thus expectinge when my happie dissolucon shall be, and to be laid in the bedd of death for perpetual repose, I end with my blessed In Manus Saviour's wordes on the Crosse: tuas Domine commendo spiritum meum. Dated the Nyneteenth day of March Anno D'ni 1628. An: Mundy. Sealed delivered published and declared the daie and yeare abovesaid by the said Anthony Mundy for and as his last Will and Testament in the presence of us Tho: Griffyn, Ser, & William Vintner. According to the parish register Anthony Munday was buried in the church of St. Stephen, Coleman Street, on 9 Aug., 1633. The entry is as follows: "Anthony Munday haberdasher buried the 9th day of August.' His will was proved five days later (in the Commissary Court of London) by his widow, Gillian Munday. The monument erected to his memory in the church of St. Stephen was destroyed in the Fire of London, but the lengthy epitaph-which eulogizes him as an antiquary rather than as a dramatist-is recorded in Stow's Survey' of 1633, an earlier edition of which Munday had himself edited and contributed to. This monument must have been erected within five months of Munday's death to be noted in the Survey' of 1633. If the inscription is correctly quoted, it erred in giving 10 Aug. as the date of death. Sir John Mundy (Lord Mayor of London in 1522, d. 1537) is stated in some pedigrees to have had a son Christopher, but he does not name him in his will. The only known relative of Anthony Munday, with the exception of his father, his second wife, and his children, is one William Hall, who wrote |