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Department of Supervision

Meeting of the State Board of Education.

On Monday, Jan. 3, 1898, the State Board of Education met in the office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction. There were present State Supt. S. T. Black, Pres. A. H. Randall, Pres. E. T. Pierce, Pres. C. M. Ritter, Pres. Kellogg. Dr. Brown of Berkeley, and the Governor were absent.

Upon the completion of some unfinished business and the reading of a few minor reports at the forenoon session, the Secretary was instructed to issue diplomas to the following teachers:

Grammar grade, life-Hattie E. Andrews, Henrietta Andriot, John Anderson, Ernestine J. Arnold, Marian Ashley, Mattie D. Auker, Sophia Ayer, Ella M. Bailey, Edward Ellsworth Baird, Mabel H. Barber, Nellie S. Barnes, Emma F. Beardsley, Elizabeth L. Beckman, Norine Biggerstaff, Emma Bronk Boggess, Lucy E. Botsford, Rose Boukofsky, Josie M. Buelna, Cecilia Burr, M. Isabel Campbell, Minnie E. Clark, Frank N. Clevenger, Eva G. Colton, Harriet Collier, Harriet E. Corliss, W. S. Conner, Norman B. Countryman, Margaret McMahon Coykendall, Louise A. Cullen, Kate M. Davis, Cassie A. Davidson, Julia Daubenbis, Louise B. Deal, Mrs. C. D. Dependener, Thomas V. Dodd, Emily M. Dodge, Victor Dornberger, Mary Arthur Doughty, Robert B. Emery, Carrie Belle Ennor, Janette Ephraim, Mary C. Flaridon, Sara E. Fussel, Violet A. Francis, Bertha Gaddis, Sue A. Gilman, Rachel S. Gilmour, May C. Gilhooly, Ella L. Glendenning, Charles L. Green, May Griffin, Margaret M. Griffith, Cornelius Groot, Walter J. Haggard, Marguerite J Hale, Anna Harrison, Maggie F. Haussler, Roberta L. Heath, Vina Hendricks, Sammie E. Henderson, Stella M. Herndon, Belle F. Higgins, Lillie R. Hill, Margaret C. Hodge, Mayo E. Houston, Mrs. Margaret E. Jacobs, Emma Jameson, Ella Johnson, Harriet M. Keating, Elizabeth E. Kelly, Georgia A. Knapp, Sophia S. Kobicke, A. D. Kyle, Helen Hausch Lamb, Charles J. Lathrop, Amelia M. Leake, Lida Lennon, Mary J. Lightner, Sherman J. Littlefield, Mary Lily Love, Alice Magann, M. Edith Maples, Kate Marsh, Mrs. F. P. Merrill, Nellie W. Myers, Josephine L. Miller, Jessie R. Mitchell, Orville Moore, Mary E. Morgan, Lizzie Morrison, Ella Morrison, Maggie F. Murphy, Miss Dell McClenathan, Frank C. McDiarmid, Kate McGough, Anna McSweeney, Alice M. O'Connor, Marion G. Parker, W. W. Pettit, Minnie E Perry, Nora Pollard, Adelaide L. Poilock, Mary E. Quayle, Kate F. Quinlan, Harriet E. Rademaker, Alice Reeves. Sadie J. Regan, Ada M. Reynolds, Carrie D. Ryan, Eleanor Bertha Schlaier, Mrs. Ella Odbert Shartel, Luther M. Shelley, Nellie Shine, Effie Shusser, Mrs. Nellie C. Short, Emma H. Snapp, Carrie Somers, R. C. Stackable, Francis Stewart, Mary Story, C. S. Thompson, Flora Vandenburg, Hattie Ward, Mary D. Weeks, Josephine M. White, Louise Wilbur, Bertha S. Wilkins, M. Ida Williams, Mrs. Mary M. Wilson, Edith Woolsey, John E. Wright, Katie M. Hughes, George F. Gilcrest, Mrs. Alice Johnson, Ibra H. Chapman, George A. Harlin, Lou Fellows, W. L. Pedrick, Mary E. Gross, Ella M. Morris, Cordelia Leland, Mrs. Dora Cleveland Gannon, A. E. Shumate.

Grammar Grade Educational-Carleton T. Bartlett, Ruth H. Beason, Mary L. Bennett, Jennie Bickerstaff, J. Toddbonner, Mamie E. Borthwick, Fannie E. Bostrum, Annie W. Brewer, Nellie C. Brophy, Bessie Calderwood, Sarah B. Cambell, Teresa Carr, Jessie L. Cleaver, Delta Clotfelter, Etta Colwell, Helen Corell, Ellen Cox, Mrs. Della Crawford, Ella J. Curtin, Yetta F. Dexter, Virginia Deshields, Florence Dunbar, James F. Duncan, Rowena Mitchell Edwards, Maybell N. Elzy, Kate Fitzsimmons, Glive E. Fry, Jennie Gillespie, Dora B. Glines, Jennie Gordon, Allen H. Grant, Kate E. Grider, Lillie J. Hamlin, Alice Rea Handy, Frankie Harelson, Walter Hargrave, Amy Hargrave, Sherman E. Harley, Milton A. Harper, Suzanne Harris, D. Geneva Hewitt, Marietta S. Higgins, Bessie Hobbs, Bertha Hoen, Minerva L. Houston, Edward Hughes, Charles H. Jones, Mrs. Mary Johnston, Margaret C. Johnson, Lottie Kehoe, James Keith, Fernande G. Kelly, Alice E. Kelly, Anna E. Kline. May L. Kraft, Loutitia Leo, Evelyn Levison, Edward P. Liesy, Etta L. Mack, Clara L. Martin, Howard S. Mathewson, Bertha E. Morgan, Samuel N. McBride, Arabella T. McLeod, Anna B. Nelson, Lillian Ogden, William E. Parker, Jr., R. W. Parkes, Sarah M. Patton, Charles A. Peage, Mattie J. Pomfret, Alice E. Provence, Orville L Roper, Nellie T. Reardon, V. Estella Rice, Anna Doland Roach, Minnie M. Schulze, Carrie G. Sickler. Sarah S. Simpson, Elva S S. Smith, Rebecca Spong, Katie C. Spray, Sue Spurlock, Cora W. Stanton, George E. Stone, Mary Russell Sweet, Emily Tingman, Honor Van Dyke Margaret Wear, Florence Wilcox, Mary Wilson, Helen A. White, Plive B. Wright. Alma M. Wright, Emma C. Markell, Alva Riggins, Clare Polsley, Ellen G. Wright, Alice L. Harrington, Nettie Siebert, Gaylord H. Chilcote, Carrie Reed, John Hubert Mitchell, Micager E. Brooks, Nellie E. Herrin, Anna Williamson, George E. Harvey, Bertha Norman, Helena A. Flanagan, Mrs. F. E. Spratt, Alee Gibson, Vitalene Vassar, Grace Cunningham, Agnes E. Hargrave.

Highest grade. life-Sennie Coleman, Margaret Compton, Florence A. Dunham, David Alrares Eckort, John H. Eckhoff, Henry C. Graham, Rebecca Trott Greene, Lyman Gregory, John T. Handsaker, Frances V. Harrow, Elizabeth Ingram Hubbard, Margaret A. Huston, Daniel McFadzean, J. Melville McPheron, Anne M. Nicholson, Henry C. Petray, Eli H. Ridenour, Arthur W. Scott, Caleb Sobriski Taylor Jr., Alfred D. Tenney, Alice Younglove, Reginald H. Webster, Mary Wilder, Joseph Wardsworth Keene.

Highest grade, educational-Harry Halliday Lydia D. Lawhead, George E. Morrill, Jennie I. Powers, Carl A. Richmond, Frederic William Wright, Carl H. Neilsen.

Life diplomas of the new issue will be issued in lieu of those surrendered to the following.

Rebecca D. Carter, Mrs. Mary T. Camblien, Jennie A. Dwyer, Eunice Gallagher, Julia F. Goldman, Rose Goldsmith, Addie J. Gracier, Annette H. Green, Amelia Aanlon, Nellie C. Haswell, Virginia D. Heath, Marie E Kaplan, Susie E. Kelly, Lena M. Myers, Mary L. O'Neal, Alta C. Phelps, Kate D. Spedding, Minnie Sweeney, Nettie Wade, Emina L. Lysinger.

The following were granted normal certificates:

Leroy E. Armstrong, A. Rose Beckwith, Richard Neal Bird, F. A. Bouelle, Susie Brown, Henrietta Carpenter, Mrs. Ianthe Cooke, Belle Cooper, Mrs. Della Crawford, Nellie A. Davis, Emma F. Donner, Julia Alice Donovan, Minnie E. Eagan, W. N. Ent, Hattie C. Evans, Emma A. Farnham, Elizabeth Field, Tizzie Fishback, Gertrude Belle Forrester, Robert I. Fraisher, Anne F. Glover, C. Marie Halvorsen; Bertha R. Hughes, Myrtella Huyck, Anne E. M. Jones, Ida M. Klockenbaum, M. Alice Langley, Gettie J. Leonard, Elizabeth McFadden, Jennie V. Pond, Una M. Lonrel, Kate Eliza Frye, Emma Louisa Scribner, Leora Smith, Ella C. Stiles, Alice C. Young, Richard I. Walsh, Anna A. Webb, Henrietta Weltes, Sarah E. Williams, Mrs. Amy M. Wilson, Zedera Eley, Nellie A. Barraclough, Rosalie E. Cowan, Edward Doland, Lizzie Endriss. Estelle Farmer, Helena Fleishman, Charlotte K, Forth, Charles J. Fox Jr., Jeannette E. Johnson, Anna Maude McDowell, Annie L. Pearce, Clara Schroeter, Mary E. Swain, Anna Laura Tilotson, Florence E. Bigelow.

Superintendent Black reported that $86.903.34 had been realized from the sale of text-books from July 1st to December 31, 1897, and paid into the fund created for that purpose.

President Martin Kellogg of the University of California and President Ritter of the State Normal School at Chico, were appointed members of the Committee on Accrediting of Colleges, vice Professors l'ennell and Brown.

The Indiana State University was placed on the list of accredited schools.

Houghton, Mifflin & Co. sent in a communication asking for payment on royalty for the matter used in the State Series of Readers. Applications for designation of the official organ were received from C. H. Allen, Harr Wagner, and the Overland Monthly. C. S. Green and James Howard Bridges of the Overland Monthly, who were present, made a special plea for their journal. The matter was discussed and action postponed until February. The resignation of A. B. Coffey as editor of the 16-page educational department of the Overland was read.

SCHOOL FINANCES.

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OFFICE OF STATE CONTROLLER,
SACRAMENTO, Jan. 4, 1898. (
HON. S. T. BLACK, Supt. Public Instruction-Dear Sir: The
money in the State Treasury belonging to the State School Fund, sub-
ject to apportionment, is two million thirty-six thousand nine hundred
nineteen dollars and twenty-three cents ($2,036,919.23), as follows:
Amount unapportioned July 5, 1897.............
Received from Property Tax....
Received from Poll Tax..
Received from Interest Bonds.
Received from Interest on Lands..
Received from Tax on Railroads.

Received from Tax on Collateral Inheritances.
Received from Sales Geological Survey Reports.

Total......

Less amount paid on restitution of interest on lands sold not the property of the State....$575 02 Less amount paid on annulment certificates of purchase......

Net amount subject to apportionment...

Respectfully submitted,

.$

846 96

1,617,799 04

227,670 74

64,318 68

24,010 48

50,141 00

52,998 16

14.00

$ 2,037,799 06

304 81

$879 83 $2.036,919 23

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OFFICE OF SUPT. OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, SACRAMENTO, Jan. 4, 1898. In accordance with the foregoing statement of the State Controller, I have this day apportioned the State school moneys to the several counties, as follows:

Total number of census children, 340,952; amount per child, $5.97: amount apportioned, $2,035,483.44; amount unapportioned, $1,435.9. Alameda, $177,368 70: Alpine, $531 33; Amador, $17,432 40; Butte, $25,569 51; Caleveras, $16,805 55; Colusa, $12,966 841; Contra Costa. $22,763 61; Del Norte, $3,331 26; El Dorado, $13,325 04; Fresno, $45,586 92; Glenn, $7,969 95; Humboldt, $39, 407 97: Inyo, $5,844 63; Kern, $18,447 30: Kings, 813,169 82; Lake, $10,286 31; Lassen, $6,495 36; Los Angeles, $240,316 38; Madera, $8,775 90; Marin, $16,710 03; Mariposa, $6,680 43; Mendocino, $29,921 64; Merced, $12,292 23; Modoc, $8,250 54: Mono, $2,232 78; Monterey, $31,939 50; Napa, $21,730 80; Nevada, $24,548 64; Orange, $31,026 09: Placer, $19,987 56; Plumas, $5,832 69; Riverside, $27,008 28; Sacramento, $51,091 26; San Benito, $12, 131 04; San Bernardino, $38,237 85; San Diego, $50,607 69; San Francisco, $446,794 80; San Joaquin, $45,676 47; San Luis Obispo, $32,767 33; San Mateo, $17,080 19; Santa Barbara, $29,414 19: Santa Clara, $81,872 58; Santa Cruz, $33,378 27; Shasta, $23,091 96: Sierra, $5,056 59: Siskiyou, $20,375 61; Solano, $27,814 23; Sonoma, $54,010 59; Stanislaus, $14,166 81; Sutter, $7,958 01; Tehama, $16,071 24; Trinity, $4,405 86; Tulare, $32, 124 57; Tuolumne, $10,686 30; Ventura, $23,193 45; Yolo, $20,375 61; Yuba, $12,542 97. Total, $2,035, 483 44. SAMUEL T. BLACK, Supt. Pub. Instruction.

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DIRECTIONS FOR HANDLING A CLASS.

By EDWARD HYATT.

[Supt. Hyatt of Riverside Co. has recently published a pamphlet entitled "Beginning in Bodily Training," and has sent it to all of his teachers. The following article gives an idea of the excellence of the work. - ED.]

The methods used by army officers in moving and marching men are naturally the simplest and best that can be devised; they are the result of centuries of experience. The following are the regulations of the United States Army, with slight changes in wording:

There are two kinds of commands:

The preparatory command, such as forward, indicates the movement that is to be executed.

The command of execution, such as MARCH, or HALT, causes the execution.

Preparatory commands are distinguished by italics, those of execution by CAPITALS.

The preparatory command should be given at such an interval of time before the command of execution as to admit of its being properly understood; the command of execution should be given at the instant the movement is to commence.

The tone of command is animated, distinct, and of a loudness proportioned to the number of pupils under instruction.

Each preparatory command is pronounced in an ascending tone of voice, but always in such a manner that the command of execution is pronounced in a firm and brief tone.

INDIVIDUAL INSTRUCTION.

For this instruction a few recruits, usually not exceeding four, are placed in s single rank, facing to the front and about six inches apart, arranged according to height, the tallest pupil on the right.

To teach the recruits how to assemble, the instructor requires them to close the left hand and place the knuckles against the waist, above the hip, wrist straight, back of the hand to the front; he then places them on the same line, so that the right arm of each pupil rests lightly against the left elbow of the pupil next on his right and then directs the left hands to be replaced by the side.

The pupils thus find themselves with an interval that allows for a free movement of the arms.

When the recruits have learned how to take their places, they are required to assemble without assistance. The instructor commands: FALL IN.

They assemble rapidly, as above prescribed, at attention, each pupil dropping the left hand as soon as the pupil next on his left has his interval.

THE RESTS.

Being at a hait,-to rest the pupils: FALL OUT; or REST; or
AT EASE.

At the command, fall out, the pupils may leave the ranks, but
will remain in one immediate vicinity.

At the command, fall in, they resume their former places.
At the command rest, the pupils keep one heel in place, but
are not required to preserve silence nor immobility.
To resume the attention: 1. class, 2. Attention.

The pupils take the position of the soldier and fix their at

tention.

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left
eye
in line with the center of the body, eyes fixed on the line
of eyes of the men in, or supposed to be in, the same rank.
At the command front, turn the head and eyes to the front.
The instructor sees that the movement does not derange the
squareness of the shoulders.

FACINGS.

To the right or left: 1. Right (or Left), 2. Face.

Raise slightly the right heel and left toe and face to the right. turning on the left heel, assisted by a slight pressure on the ball of the right foot; replace the right foot.

The facings to the left are also executed upon the left heel.
To the rear: 1. About, 2. Face.

Raise slightly the left heel and right toe; face to the rear, turning to the right on the right heel and the ball of the left foot; rereplace the left foot beside the right.

SALUTE WITH THE HAND

1. Right. (or Left Hand) 2. Salute.

Raise the right hand smartly till the forefinger touches the lower part of the head dress above the right eye, thumb and fingers extended and joined, palm to the left, forearm inclined at about forty-five degrees, hand and wrist straight. Drop the arm quietly by the side.

If uncovered, the forefinger touches the forehead above the eye.

MARCHING IN QUICK TIME.

The length of the full step in quick time is thirty inches, measured from heel to heel, and the cadence is at the rate of one hundred and twenty steps per minute. The length of the step is given for grown men. It will need to be reduced for pupils according to size. The recruits being confirmed in the position of a soldier, the instructor places himself eight or ten paces in front of them, and facing toward them, executes the step slowly, at the same time explaining the principles; he then commands: 1. Foward, 2. March.

At the command forwa d, throw the weight of the body upon the right leg without bending the left knee.

At the command march, move the left leg smartly, but without jerk, carry the foot straight forward thirty inches from the right, measuring from heel to heel, sole near the ground, knee straight and slightly turned out, at the same time throw the weight of the body forward, and plant the foot without shock, weight of body resting upon it; next, in like manner, advance the right foot and plant it as above; continue the march, keeping the face to the front. The instructor indicates from time to time the cadence of the step by calling one, two, three, four; or, left, right, the instant the left and right foot, respectively, should be planted.

The candence is at first given slowly, and gradually increased to that of quick time.

To arrest the march: 1. Class, 2. Halt.

At the command halt, given as either foot is coming to the ground, the foot in rear is brought up and planted without shock by the side of the other.

MARCHING IN DOUBLE TIME.

The length of the full step in double time is thirty-six inches; the cadence is at the rate of one hundred and eighty steps per minute. To march in double time: 1. Forward, 2. Double time, 3. March. At the command forward, throw the weight of the body on the right leg; at the command double time, raise the hands until the forearms are horizontal, fingers closed, nails toward the body, elbows to the rear.

At the command march, carry forward the left foot, leg slightly bent, knee somewhat raised, and plant the foot thirty-six inches. from the right; then execute the same motion with the right foot; continue this alternate motion of the feet, throwing the weight of the body forward and allowing a natural swinging motion to the arms. The recruits are also exercised in running, the principles being the same as for double time.

When marching in double time and in running, the pupils breathe as much as possible through the nose, keeping the mouth. closed.

TO MARK TIME.

Being in march: 1. Mark time, 2. March.

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Being in march : 1. Change step, 2. March.

At the command march, given as the right foot comes to the ground, the left foot is advanced and planted; the toe of the right is then advanded near the heel of the left, the recruit again stepping off with the left.

The change on the right foot is similarly executed, the command march being given as the left foot strikes the ground.

Very many teachers are slovenly and slack in their manner of marching a class. An inane and continual tapping of the bell, while the pupils straggle haphazard along, paying no attention to it, is a sickening sight. That kind of marching is worse than none; it has a bad effect on the character of the children.

Boy Wanted.

Boys of spirit, boys of will,

Boys of muscle, brain and power, Fit to cope with anything,

These are wanted every hour. "Not the weak and whining drones Who all troubles magnify,— Not the watchword of 'I can't,' But the noble one, 'I'll try.' "Do whate'er you have to do,

With a true and earnest zeal; Bend your sinews to the task, 'Put your shoulders to the wheel.' "In the workshop, on the farm, Or wherever you may be, From your future efforts, boys, Comes a nation's destiny."

Jefferson's Ten Rules.

Never put off until to-morrow what you can do to-day.
Never trouble another for what you can do yourself.
Never spend your money before you have earned it.
Never buy what you don't want because it is cheap.
Pride costs more than hunger, thirst and cold.
We seldom repent of having eaten too little.
Nothing is troublesome that we do willingly.

Use Good English.

"I want a pair of pants," said a customer in a clothing store, using a word not given in Webster's Academic Dictionary. It was "pantaloons" he wanted. A kindred word in trequent use, but one which Webester ignores as emphatically, is "gents, " for "gentlemen," as in "gents' furnishings' " etc. A purist says that "gents" are the fellows who wear pants," while "gentlemen" wear "pantaloons." He might have added that men wear trousers. Even Shakespeare erred occasionally in his use of negatives, as when he wrote:

66

This England never did, nor never shall,

Lie at the proud foot of a conqueror. "Nor ever shall'' would be correct.

66

A school book tells a story of a poor widow woman," with an evident wish to distinguish her from a poor widow man. "He did it in two hours tine" illustrates a similar mistake. Omit "woman" and "time;" also the last word in "The Isthmus of Panama connects North and South America together. "

"What shall I cook for John, Doctor?" asked a young wife; "pies and cake make him dyspeptic, and he don't like oatmeal or cracked wheat." When the doctor saw the sticky oatmeal mush, very properly so called, which she had made by stirring it frequently as it cooked, he did not wonder that John's stomach rejected such a half-civilized dish. He advised her to use a double boiler for cereals, to stir them once for all when placed on the range, and to let them cook slowly. Of course John was delighted with cereals from that day, and his wife thought that the doctor had rectified every mistake. But her blunder in cooking was no greater than her grammatical error in saying "he don't, "he don't," which is but "he do not, when she meant "he does not," or he "doesn't." What odd things are made in words by carelessness in proin Hispania (Spain), at the close of the Cantabrian War, 25 B. C., nunciation! When the Roman emperor Augustus colonized a city he gave it his own name, Cæsarea Agusta, or Cæsaraugusta; but on the indolent Spanish tongue the word was rolled until the "Ca" was worn off, and "Saraugusta" became successively "Zaragoza" and Saragossa," long the capital of Aragon.

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A similar instance is that of "Thomas Aniello," The Neapolitan insurrectionist, who was called by his companions "MasAniello," now called "Massaniello."'

Shotover

The English "East" "South" and "West Saxony," have become "Essex" "Sussex" and "Wessex," respectively. "Chateau-vert Hill," not far from Oxford, is now known as Hill," "Engleford," meaning the "Englishman's ford," is now called "Hungerford." Wellington, at Waterloo, when he did not understand the name "Chateau Goumont," which the peasants gave to an elevation where the battle was raging fiercely, called it "Hougoumont," an appellation it will probably retain as long as history describes that memorable battle.

"Asparagus" in some localities, has been corrupted into "sparrow-grass." The "Contre-danse" of the Normans has become our "country-dance," while their "dent de lion," or "lion's tooth," so called from the toothed appearance of the flower, has Cap a pie," meaning armed head to foot, is often heard in "apple-pie order."

become our "dandelion."

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In our day, however, cultured people are supposed to follow the authorized pronuncation of words, and he who varies from it is liable to attract unpleasant attention.

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How much pain the evils have cost us that have never hap- of the New Year.

pened.

Take things always by the smooth handle.

When angry, count ten before you speak; if very angry, count a hundred.

Away with unhappiness, with despondency, with unhopefulness. "Every day is a fresh beginning," especially the first day Let all regrets die, all discouragements be past, all hatred, malice and uncharitableness be blotted out. Take a new, strong grip on life, saying with Browning,

"God's in His heaven,

All's right with the world."

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EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT

Our New Catalog

School Stationery,

Is probably the most complete ever issued by any house in the West.
It contains prices and descriptions of everything in the line of
Teacher's Helps, Busy Work,
Reward Cards, Flags,

Maps, Charts, Globes,

School Apparatus,

Primary Aids, Etc.

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A. Flanagan,

$1.00 gross

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3.00

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3.00

New Vertical Reading Charts,
New Map California and Nevada.....
Map Geographical Definitions,......
New Vertical Writing Chart....

7.50

3.50

5.00

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NEW MODEL B. B.

ERASER

NOISELESS,

MOST DURABLE,

BEST AND CHEAPEST.

Sample, 30c, pp.

Net to Schools, $3 doz.

We carry the latest Teacher's Aids and Pedagogical Books. The publications of
C. W. Bardeen, March Bros., E. L. Kellogg & Co. The Werner Co.,
Public School Pub. Co., W. Beverly Harrison, New England Pub. Co.
Always on our shelves. Complete lists sent to teachers free.

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