days at the old Château, and there the custom of rendering homage was continued under English rule. M. de Gaspé, in his book, Les Anciens Canadiens, tells many a story of the way in which the brave and popular English Governor, Lord Dorchester, endeared himself to the hearts of the conquered French. One anecdote I must give :

"Madame Couillard, Seigneuresse de Saint Thomas, Rivière du Sud, morte depuis soixante ans, me racontait une scène à peu près semblable :-'Mon père,' disait-elle, 'était bien malade, lorsque je vis venir un détachement de soldats Anglais. Je sortis comme une insensée et, me jetant aux pieds de l'officier qui les commandait, je lui dis en sanglotant : "Monsieur l'Anglais, ne tuez pas mon vieux père, je vous en conjure! il est sur son lit de mort! n'abrégez pas le peu de jours qui lui restent à vivre!"

"Cet officier était le quartier-maitre Guy Carleton, depuis Lord Dorchester. "I me releva avec bonté,' ajoutait-elle, 'me traita avec le plus grands égards, et, pour dissiper mes craintes, posa une sentinelle devant ma maison.'

"Lord Dorchester, devenu ensuite Gouverneur du Bas Canada, ne manquait pas de demander à Madame Couillard, chaque fois qu'elle visitait le Château Saint Louis, 'si elle avait encore bien peur des Anglais !'

"Non,' répondait cette dame; mais vous avouez, mylord, que ce n'était pas sans sujet que les Canadiennes craignaient vos compatriotes, qui n'étaient pas à beaucoup près aussi humains que vous,'

The Duke of Richmond, Sir Peregrine Maitland, Lord Dalhousie, Lord Durham and Lord Elgin, among others, succeeded to the dignities and responsibilities of Governors of Canada. The Gubernatorial quarters shifted from the historic château during Lord Durham's time to the Parliament Buildings. Here Lord and Lady Durham entertained in princely style, and the traditions of their hospitality in Canada have been for the most part worthily sustained by their successors.

Towards the end of the eighteenth century her Majesty's father, the Duke of Kent, was stationed in Canada. Tradition asserts that he went much into French society and was extremely popular and beloved. He openly declared his dislike of the hackneyed expression "The King's old and new subjects." "All," he said, "were equally his Majesty's Canadian subjects." In 1782 Nelson lost his heart to a beautiful Canadian, and so infatuated was the future hero that his brother officers were forced to kidnap and carry him on board his ship in order to force him to return to duty.

The withdrawal of the Imperial troops (a most unpopular measure of Gladstone's, by the way) gave the death-knell to Canadian society. The constant succession of English officers (many of them men of birth

and breeding) was a factor in sustaining the tone of Colonial society. These men had travelled, were often accomplished and well-read, and intercourse with them could not but give new ideas to the stay-at-home Canadians. After their withdrawal a young generation sprang up, unaccustomed to hearing the English language spoken in its purity. What with Irish nurses, and French and Scotch and American servants, the poor young Canadian of the present moment has little chance of preserving his English accent in its beauty. A twang prevails which is unequalled all the world over for ugliness, and the most hopeless feature in the case is that its victim is unconscious of the gravity of his symptoms. He lets the disease eat its way without an attempt to check it, and even jeers at an English accent as "affected" and prides himself on his mongrel pronunciation. This is the more to be regretted, as the young Canadian is a fine, manly, noble creature. He excels in sport, does not know fear, and if he be not exactly fitted to shine in Mayfair drawingrooms, he has made his mark in Africa. Within the last four years Stairs, Mackay, and Denison, all young Canadians, graduates of the Military College, have done good work as explorers and cheerfully laid down their lives in the African jungles. The early training of Canadians makes them ideal soldiers. For their own amusement they spend days "in the bush," camping-out, canoeing, shooting rapids, and otherwise training their nerves and muscles in a way no English youth has the opportunity of doing. They become, from constant intercourse with Nature, close students and lovers of its many phases. They learn from the Indians to read the signs of the skies, and the floral wealth beneath their feet and herbs and their uses are not unknown to them. All men in Canada nowadays follow professions or lead business lives, and an idle man is looked upon as a moral dwarf. This devotion to work, although in itself praiseworthy and to be respected, gives little chance of travel or the cultivation of the graces of life. Hence Canadian women, having more leisure than men and being naturally versatile and quick, are better fitted to shine in society than their lords and masters. Nearly every Canadian woman sings and plays more or less well. Not seldom she possesses great musical gifts. As regards knowledge of painting and sculpture, the average Canadian is a perfect Goth. This is not difficult to account for if we take into consideration the fact that, in addition to the possession of good music masters, Canadians have the advantage of hearing the best music of the day. The great singers and pianists and violinists, one after another, visit

the United States and tour in Canada, whereas the great works of the Umbrian, Venetian, Flemish, German, and English schools remain for ever stationary. It is impossible that a love for art and knowledge of it can be fostered where there are no national art collections nor any means of cultivating the taste; and it is only within quite recent years that the nucleus of a gallery has been formed through the exertions of H.R.H. Princess Louise. Canadians are seldom burdened with money, and as they have not the means to travel as Americans do, that short cut to knowledge is denied them. In love of sound literature Canadians are not deficient, and there are good libraries all over Canada, besides cheap American reprints of English books to be bought everywhere.

The social amusements of Canada are peculiar and delightful. Balls and dinner parties are the same all the world over, but here exist attractions seldom to be found in other countries. In winter, skating, tobogganing, sliding, moonlight tramps on snow-shoes, picnics to frozen falls, and moose and cariboo hunting. In summer, canoeing, fishing, boating.. riding, driving, dancing, and camping out in parties. Canadians are extremely social and are averse from solitude in every shape. Even when the early visit to "salt water" is paid, they bathe in company and live from morning till night on each other's verandahs. Privacy is assuredlya state little prized in the Dominion.

Canadian country houses answer rather to the description of villas than" places." The general run are two-storeyed and are built with wide. verandahs, which shade the living rooms in the hot, fierce summers, and are over-grown with beautiful creepers. These houses are shaded by trees, and are surrounded by shrubberies, lawns, and pleasant gardens. In Quebec the style of domestic architecture is distinctly French, and all over the Dominion mansard roofs are much in vogue. What is known in the States as "Colonial architecture" does not exist north of the American frontier. Country-house life as it is understood in England is little known in Canada, but there is a reason for it, inasmuch as the houses are not large enough for house parties, and in the months. of June, July, and August all the world goes to the seaside or the shores of the St. Lawrence. Entertaining is chiefly done in winter, Montreal,. Ottawa, and Toronto being the gayest among Canadian cities. Quebec indulges itself in occasional balls, many kettledrums, skating and driving parties. A Canadian girl drives alone with a man, toboggans and sleighs with him, and that ogre the chaperon is little obtruded except as the caretaker of a party, not of individuals. Canadian girls have a

very good notion of taking care of themselves, and know how to ensure respect. Certainly no more modest and pure-minded women are to be found anywhere than in Canada, and this in spite of more latitude given as regards the intercourse of men and women. With none of the prudery which exists in France and Italy, there is an absolute propriety, and divorces and undignified conduct in married life are almost unknown. Before marriage the Canadian girl is allowed her fling, and she dances, skates, flirts, and enjoys life to the full. After marriage she settles down to the humdrum details of daily life and the management of a small income with contentment, caring and living for little beyond her husband, children, and household. Canadian women are excellent housekeepers as far as a practical knowledge of cookery goes, and of the details of housekeeping. They cannot equal Englishwomen in administrative abilities, but their households being so much smaller as a rule they have not the same need of these talents. Too often they are inclined to do work out of their spheres, rather than trouble themselves to train their servants properly. There is no doubt that early marriages and pressure of domestic cares weigh too heavily with Canadian women. Their complete absorption in household matters, however praiseworthy, is deplorable in its results. Gifted with great natural intelligence, and talents, they seldom attempt to keep up their accomplishments or improve their minds after marriage. Music and languages and social talents generally languish for need of nutrition. Where there is an absolute contentment there can be no progress, and the result is mediocrity. At an age when the English married woman is the centre of attraction in Society, the Canadian belle has abdicated and retired into the background of her own accord. There is too little of that joie de vivre which lasts with American women into extreme old age, and forms their most potent charm. The genus Hausfrau is to be found. quite as much in the homes of Canada as in the Buch-Holz families of Berlin. Happily the good to be got out of this, and the logical sequence of so much domestic devotion, is that the "emancipated" woman, the political woman, and the professional woman are as yet unknown in the Dominion.

The beauty of a Canadian woman is American in its character rather than English. You seldom see a figure modelled on the lines of Juno, but delicate and lovely features are common, and the Canadian woman has matchless feet and hands. Her colouring is often striking and unusual, as, for instance, the combination of dark eyes with yellow hair

or grey eyes with black lashes and eyebrows-combinations which owe their existence largely to the mixture of races. A Canadian woman, moreover, loses her freshness and beauty all too soon, and this fact is largely owing to the unhealthiness of Canadian houses, which, during the severe winters are kept at an abnormally high temperature. The dry heat of the stoves indoors, and sudden transition to cold winds and frost outside, shrivel the skin and deprive it of ail moisture and freshness.

The majority of English-Canadians are extremely Low Church, and candles and a cross on the altar are looked upon as sure signs of the neighbourhood of the Scarlet Woman. Where such a large proportion of the population is Roman Catholic, it follows as a matter of course that the professors of the Anglican faith should be, as in Ireland, aggressively Protestant. Party strife between Protestants and Roman Catholics runs high. How true is Lecky's axiom: "The chief cause of sectarian animosity is the incapacity of most men to conceive hostile systems in the light in which they appear to their adherents." Between the Church of England and Dissenters there is much amity and marked friendliness all over Canada. Sabbath observance among English-Canadians is carried to such excess that a game of tennis or "halma" on Sunday is enough, if discovered, to socially ostracise its perpetrators. A servile respect and ridiculous obedience to the dictates of Mrs. Grundy is everywhere most marked. With much priggishness, however, there is undoubtedly a high code of morals outside of political doings. Perhaps no country can show a more Puritan spirit in family life. The narrow

minded illiberal tendency is to be deplored: one cannot but admire the sturdy desire to live uprightly.

"Around the man who seeks a noble end,

Not angels, but divinities attend."

HARRIET J. JEPISON.