MAY 1933 I Teacher Salary Budgets 1931 to 1933 'N 1,075 CITIES reporting the amount of money budgeted for teachers' salaries in 1931-32 and in 1932-33 the budgets were less this year than last in all except 192 cities. If this proportion holds for the United States as a whole, salary budgets were decreased in 2,598 city school systems and remained the same or were increased in only 567 systems. The decreases range up to 43 percent; the increases to 18.9 percent. The accompanying chart shows the range of the percentage change in these budgets for the cities reporting in each State, each of the five regions of the country, and the United States as a whole. The States have been arranged in five sections in order to emphasize the fact that the schools in some sections of the country seemingly have been harder hit by the depression than other sections. It should be taken into account, however, that in several States in the North Atlantic section, where laws prevented reduction of teachers' salary budgets, the teachers have, voluntarily or otherwise, returned part of their salary to the school board. Therefore, the expenditures for salaries have been reduced as much as in other places, but these reductions do not show in the budgets. Reports In 20 States, every city reporting had reduced salary budgets. The median change in city school salary budgets for the United States as a whole from 1931-32 to 1932-33 was a decrease of 7.5 percent. In the North Atlantic section the decrease was only 1.3 percent; North Central 9.8 percent; South Atlantic 7.9 percent; South Central 12.9 percent; and Western section 10 percent. Half of the cities in the United States decreased these budgets 7.5 percent or more and one-fourth of the cities cut off more than one-eighth. Median decreases ranged from 0.3 percent in New York to 20.4 percent in New Mexico. Since the data referred to have to do with budgets and not individual salaries, they do not represent the actual cuts in salaries. Part of the decrease in budgets is due to employing fewer teachers, part to employing cheaper teachers and the rest to cutting the salaries of individual ONE FAMILY'S SERVICE 177 SINCE 1857 at least one of the five members of the Guitner family has been connected with Otterbein College, Westerville, Ohio, as a student or a teacher. Five members taught at Otterbein for nearly 80 years. This announcement was made by Otterbein College in February upon the death of Prof. Alma Guitner, who taught in the department of German since 1900. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE BIBLIOGRAPHY DURING the past 20 years much has been written on compulsory education, child labor, school census, school attendance, and the visiting teacher. From 10 sources, including the library of Teachers College, Columbia University, publications of the Office of Education, publications of the Children's Bureau, publications of the National Education Association, a selected and annotated bibliography on school attendance, school census and related topics for the period 1900 to 1932 has been prepared and is now issued by the Office of Education. Authors are: N. L. Engelhardt, professor of education, Teachers College, Columbia University; W. A. Kincaid, superintendent of schools, Montpelier, Vt.; and J. C. Parker, graduate student in educational administration, Teachers College, Columbia University. Single copies are free from the Office of Education. There is a small charge for additional copies. Earthquake (Continued from p. 165) to resist earthquakes, the chances of getting children safely out in the event of a severe shock are practically nil. Mr. Freeman presents much valuable advice He on earthquake insurance. warns particularly against the "fallen building clauses" in fire insurance policies. "Many property owners," he points out, "may be surprised on careful reading of their insurance policies, by finding that an earthquake may technically make their fire insurance policy void instantly without other notice." It behooves all school administrators throughout the Nation to consider the problems raised by earthquake risk. No superintendent or school-board member would care to shoulder a responsibility such as this contained in a report on one American earthquake: "Public buildings, schools, churches, the courthouse, jail, and public library were seriously damaged, showing lack of conscientious construction." -WILLIAM Dow BOUTWELL. School Crisis News Flashes N EW YORK CITY'S teachers have given $3,191,000 to clothe and feed the hungry school children.-School, April 6. CHICAGO. Boys and girls of Chicago's public schools still held the whip today in their strike protesting the city's failure to pay teachers.-United Press, April 7. Headline: Keeping Man in Prison Costs as Much as College Education.-New York Times. PASADENA, CALIF., April 7.-Three hundred small colleges in the United States face extinction unless prompt measures are taken to save them, Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur, former Secretary of the Interior and president of Stanford University, told a gathering of educators here recently.-United Press. Sweeping revision of the present preservice and in-service education of teachers was recommended by Profs. Ned. H. Dearborn and E. S. Evenden in reports based on preliminary findings of the National Survey of the Education of Teachers being conducted by the Office of Education.-New York Times, April 7. ATLANTA, GA.-With no funds to carry on, 380 public schools throughout the State have been closed, M. D. Collins, State school superintendent has announced . . . 100 more may close before the end of the term . . . The State is $3,122,317 behind in unpaid school appropriations.-Christian Science Monitor, April 6. A committee appointed by Gov. George White of Ohio to survey the financing of schools of the State has recommended that the State arrange to distribute $28,000,000 in aid to local school districts during the ensuing biennium in place of approximately $8,000,000 appropriated for that purpose during the past biennium. -Educational Law and Administration, April 1933. BALTIMORE, MD.-Mayor Jackson announces reopening of night schools October 15.-Baltimore Sun, April 11.' More than 300 unemployed persons have signed up at White Plains for courses to be financed for their benefit out of the State allotment for adult education.New York Herald Tribune, March 13. PHILADELPHIA, PA., March 31.-An emergency fund of at least $30,000,000 will be required to keep all public schools in Pennsylvania open in the next 2 years. MONTGOMERY, ALA., March 11.-Lack of finances to support schools has caused suspension in 35 of the State's 67 counties, affecting 300,000 school children, it was, announced by the State Department of Education. Washington Star, March 11. In 1930 we spent for maintenance of passenger automobiles $11,817,000,000. We spent for the construction of buildings, $5,806,000,000. For life insurance $3,524,000,000. For education slightly more than $2,500,000,000. For every dollar spent on education, two and one half dollars were paid for candy, chewing gum, and admission to theaters.-Peabody Journal of Education, March, 1933. T Eight States have already adopted sales taxes in current sessions of legislatures-Arizona, Illinois, Indiana, North Dakota, Oregon (subject to referendum), Utah, Vermont, and Washington. Ohio, Texas, and Michigan are known to be seriously considering adopting a sales tax. Prospects of maintaining schools next year seem distinctly brighter in those States which have adopted a sales tax. Other important tax legislation: Chainstore tax, Minnesota, Montana, Indiana, Vermont, Idaho, West Virginia; net income tax, Arizona, Kansas, Montana; personal tax, New Mexico; gift tax, Oregon. Recent Theses in Education HE Library of the Office of Education is collecting doctor's and outstanding master's theses in education, which are available for consultation, and may be borrowed on interlibrary loan. A list of the most recently received theses is given each month. Compiled by RUTH A. GRAY Library Division, Office of Education ARNOLD, FRANK J. A study of the cooperative method of education in the New York City high school. Doctor's, 1932. New York University. 137 p. ms. BENNETT, ANNETTE. A comparative study of subnormal children in the elementary grades. Doctor's, 1932. Teachers College, Columbia University. 81 p. BROWN, FRANCIS JAMES. College and university education for teachers in service. (A survey and evaluation.) Doctor's, 1932. New York University. 171 p. ms. CAMPBELL, ANNE M. Health, physical development and scholarship. Master's, 1931. New York University. 43 p. ms. CLOUGH, GEORGE C. Instructional supervision of county or parish superintendents and of rural supervisors of Louisiana and Texas. Doctor's, 1932. New York University. 274 p. ms. NICHOLS, AUGUSTA MATILDA. The value and procedure in using schemes for evaluating student teachers with special reference to New Hampshire. Master's, 1932. Boston University. 147 p. ms. OLLENDIKE, CLARENCE J. A study of the method of assessment and tax collection in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, and a comparison of school costs for the years 1920, 1925, 1930 of the second, third, and fourth class districts of the county in order to make certain recommendations. Master's, 1932. Pennsylvania State College. 117 p. ms. PICKETT, LALLA H. An analysis of the in-service training programs of 25 selected normal schools and teachers colleges. Doctor's, 1932. New York University. 165 p. ms. RABY, SISTER JOSEPH MARY. A critical study of the new education. Doctor's, 1931. Catholic University of America. 123 p. (Catholic University of America. Educational research monographs, vol. 7, no. 1, March 1, 1932.) WOTRING, CLAYTON W. The legal status of married women teachers in the public schools of the United States as determined by judicial decisions and legal opinions (from 1778 to March 29, 1932). Doctor's, 1932. New York University. 108 p. ms. New Government Aids for Teachers THE PUBLICATIONS LISTED may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., at the prices stated. Remittances should be made by postal money order, express order, coupons, or check. Currency may be sent at sender's risk. If more convenient, order through your local bookstore. Compiled by MARGARET F. RYAN Editorial Division, Office of Education Publications Fauna of the National Parks of the United States. 157 p., illus. (National Park Service, Contribution of Wild Life Survey, Fauna Series no. 1.) 20. (Nature study; Geography; Zoology.) The Principal Laws Relating to the Establishment and Administration of the National Forests and to Other Forest Service Activities. 31 p. (Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication No. 135.) 5¢. Contents: Establishment; Jurisdiction; Occupancy and use; Fiscal matters; Forest activities; Weeks law and amendments; Clarke-McNary Act; and the McSweeney-McNary Act. (Civics; Political Science.) Dairy Farming for Beginners. 14 p., illus. (Department of Agriculture Farmers' Bulletin No. 1610.) 5. (Dairy (Dairy husbandry.) Let's Know Some Trees. 38 p., illus. (Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Circular No. 31.) 15. (Nature study; Forestry.) Brief descriptions of the principal California trees, including the pines, firs, cedars, and sequoias, other California cone-bearers, oaks, willows, poplars, maples, alders, birch, palm, yucca, Indigobush, madrone, walnut, sycamore, Oregon ash, California laurel, dogwood, and California buckeye. Also contains an index of common and scientific names. (Nature study.) Report of the Alaska Agricultural Experiment Stations, 1931-1932. 26 p., illus. (Department of Agriculture, Office of Experiment Stations.) 5. Report of the director of the Alaska Agricultural Experiment Stations, including the Sitka, the Matanuska, Fairbanks, and Kodiak stations. (Geography; Agriculture.) The following illustrated publications may be ordered from the Pan American Union, Washington, D.C.: Seeing South America. 224 p., 70 illus. 25¢. Discusses travel routes, expenses, cities, climate, and wonders of South America. Seeing the Latin American Republics of North America. 185 p., 73 illus. 25¢. Presents condensed facts about travel in Cuba, Mexico, Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Haiti, Panama, Honduras, Guatemala, and the Dominican Republic. Permissible Electric Cap Lamps and Ventilation in Certain California Mines and Water-Tunnel Construction. 1932. 36 p., illus. (Bureau of Mines, Bulletin 359.) 5c. (Safety education; Mining engineering.) *The Women's Bureau of the United States Department of Labor-What it is; What it does; and What it publishes. (Women's Bureau, Folder 6) Free. (Civics) *The United States and Nicaragua-A Survey of the Relations from 1909 to 1932. 134 p. (Department of State, Latin American Series No. 6) Presents the situation in Nicaragua before 1912; political and financial developments, 1912-1925; the civil war, 1926-27, the Stimson mission, 1927; elections of 1928; Nicaraguan-Honduran boundary dispute; the Managua earthquake; the Nicaraguan canal survey; etc. (Geography; History; Economics) High-grade Alfalfa Hay: Methods of Producing, Baling, and Loading for Market. 26 p., illus. (Department of Agriculture, Farmers' Bulletin No. 1539.) 5c. (Agriculture; Marketing.) Family Food Budgets for the Use of Relief Agencies. 8 p., folder. (Children's Bureau.) Free. Approximate quantities needed weekly by typical families for adequate diets at minimum cost containing ample margin of safety in protective and other foods; Courtesy National Park Service Grizzlies in Yellowstone. See reference: Fauna of the National Parks of the United States. restricted diets for emergency use, containing only the "irreducible amounts" of protective and other foods; and a sample weekly food order for adequate diet at minimum cost for a family of 5-parents and 3 children. Notes to relief agents, suggestions for spending food money wisely, and a family food guide to low-cost balanced diets are given. (Home economics; Social case work.) The Silver Market. 95 p., illus. (Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce Trade Promotion Series No. 139) 10c. An analysis of the world trade in silver; the organization of the market and determination of the price; the long-term trend in the price of silver; the position of that metal in the economic life of the United States, India, and China; silver and oriental purchasing power; the movements of treasure to and from the Orient; and-of especial interest lately-the outflow of gold from British India. (Geography; Economics; International trade.) The Transient Boy. 7 p. Maps (Children's The New World and the European Colonial System in 1823 and in 1931. 17 by 19 inches. (Department of State-Map Series No. 1, Publication No. 275.) 10¢ Shows the European countries having foreign possessions together with their dominions, colonies, protectorates, etc., distinguished by colors; mandates (former Turkish and German possessions); the United States of America, and its possessions; and the Latin American Republics. Map of the National Park-to-Park Highway. 20 by 25 inches. (National Park Service.) Free. Automobile roads connecting the national parks and monuments west of the Mississippi River which are under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service are indicated. Films The following U.S. Department of Agriculture motion-picture films are available upon application to the Office of Motion Pictures, Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Behind the Breakfast Plate (Bureau of Animal Industry) 1 reel. The story of bacon from the pastures of the Corn Belt through the stockyards and the packing plants to your breakfast plate; curing of bacon in early colonial homes; evolution of the hog business. The Cougar Hunt (Bureau of Biological Survey) 2 reels. Methods followed by Government hunters in predatory animal control work, with special reference to the mountain lion. The staff of the Office of Education in the United States Department of the Interior is constantly engaged in collecting, analyzing and diffusing information about all phases of education in the United States, its outlying parts, and in foreign countries UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFICE OF EDUCATION-ORGANIZATION I. Send check, postal money order, express order, New York draft, or currency (at sender's risk) in advance of publication shipment, making payable to Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Postage stamps, foreign money, smooth or defaced coins not accepted. II. Inclose coupons with order. Coupons may be purchased (20 for $1) from the Superintendent of Documents, and are acceptable as cash payment for any requested publications. III. Use the deposit system. Deposit $5 or more with the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Cost of publications, as ordered, will be charged against this deposit. This system does away with remittances with every order, and delay in first obtaining prices. IV. Örder publications to be sent c.o.d., if they are needed immediately and price is unknown. Payment is made when received. V. Order publications through your bookstore, if more convenient. |