duct of the war, the Russian revolution, and the entrance of the United States into the struggle. And this is followed by some concluding remarks upon the necessity of bringing about cordial relations and proper intercourse between the West and the East. The author emphasizes the need of resuscitating the East and of securing cooperation between these two great sections of the world; and he closes with an appeal for the internationalization of Constantinople. The writer announces that the purpose of the volume is to "elucidate an aspect of the war which was the most significant factor contributing to the outbreak of the long-foreseen war in 1914." But one wonders if the author is not giving undue emphasis to a single feature of a great movement that reached out not only to Asia Minor, but also to the heart of Europe, to Africa, and to the Far East as well. And a perusal of the book raises the question whether the reader is getting the proper perspective of a remarkable situation when only one of its outstanding features is set forth at length. When he writes (page 115): "The control of this highway (the Bagdad Railway) is the key to the East-the Near and the Farther East as well. Such has been its rôle in the past-such is its significance today," he tells but a half truth. He forgets that there is a water route to the East quite as important as that by land. And, in the mind of the Pan-German the "Drang nach Osten" movement meant something more than the control of the Bagdad Railway. It included the control of the connecting link of water and rail routes via the Danube, the Black Sea and the Balkans, the supremacy of trade in the Eastern Mediterranean, the Balkans and the Black Sea, the suzerainty over the Ottoman Empire which possesses an economic treasure house in its Asia Minor lands, and the domination of the trade of the Persian Gulf, Persia, India and the Far East. The famous Bagdad Railway project was only one feature of the notorious Near Eastern Question, which has caused the ruin of many a statesman and has been a source of unrest and trouble in European political circles for over two hundred years. It embraced the problems of three distinct regions: the Balkans, Asia Minor and the Persian Gulf. It involved the solution of great and complicated national questions in the Balkans and the Ottoman Empire; and it affected the future destinies of a number of races and native tribes. The German and Austrian interest in a solution of this Near Eastern Question, that would favor their own ambitions, was very great. But that their desire to control the Bagdad Railway was a greater incentive to wage war than other motives, such as the ambition to secure the domination of the German people in the Balkans and Central Europe, is to be doubted, especially, when one recalls that in June, 1914, agreements had been initialled between Great Britain, Germany, France and Russia, which not only assured to the Germans permanent control of the Bagdad highway to the Persian Gulf, but also gave to them the lion's share of the future economic and commercial development of the central and richest portion of Asia Minor. There is a certain looseness of terms in this volume and in other recent works on the Near East, which is probably due to the fact that earlier European writers always referred to Asia Minor and adjacent countries as the "Orient" or "East." Since the "Far East" has acquired a distinct individuality of its own, the time has now come to make a careful distinction in the different parts of the East. Writers and students of Asia and Asiatic affairs, as well as European statesmen, now recognize three chief regions on the great Eastern continent: the Near East, the Middle East, and the Far East. And it is imperative that those who wish to speak intelligently on questions relating to this part of the world should observe carefully this distinction. The usefulness of the present work would have been improved if it had been provided with an index and a bibliography; but there are eight pages of excellent notes. An additional map, showing more clearly the strategic position of Asia Minor in relation to Europe and Asia, would have been a material asset also. N. DWIGHT HARRIS. Guide to the Law and Legal Literature of Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. By Edwin M. Borchard. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1917. pp. 523. $1.00. This book not merely fills one of the most pronounced gaps in English of matters relating to South America, but is also a very distinct contribution to the general literature on the subject which it treats. It is well written in a pleasant, easy style, and could be used to advantage as a text-book in our colleges, where so much instruction is now being given on Latin-America. A particularly valuable feature of the work are the statements comparing the legislation in the three republics. It is to be hoped that Dr. Borchard will, at some future time, publish a more extended treatise on this particular phase of the subject. The accounts of the legal history of each country are concise and clear. The book is well divided, and the author does not fall into the error so common to many writers on South America, of over-emphasizing one country. Two or three slight changes might be suggested. In the section on Argentine constitutional law, pages 119 to 120, while mention is made of the fact that "Sarmiento was largely influenced by Story's works," it would have rendered this reference more interesting to note the translation of Story's work on the constitution into Spanish, made by Dr. Nicolas A. Calvo in Buenos Aires in 1888. This translation has had a great influence in Argentina. Since Dr. Borchard's work was finished, a new compilation of Argentine legislation is now being made by Dr. David Pena. Two very minor errors are: Copiaco instead of Copiapo (page 428), and that the statement that Roque Saenz Pena was twice President of Argentina (pages 46 and 182). CHARLES LYON CHANDLER. PERIODICAL LITERATURE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW (For table of abbreviations see page 839.) Afghanistan. Afghanistan and the German threat. Ikba Ali Shah. Edinburgh R., 228:59. July. Angling for Afghanistan. Aliens. Alien Property Custodian. Chicago Legal News, 50:360. Basanta Koomar Roy. Asia, 18:556. July. Aliens and military service. C. Phillipson. Law Times, 144:445. Condition des sujets ennemis. C. Pelizzi. Clunet, 45:539. Confiscation of alien enemy property. H. A. Forster. American Law R., 52:279. Enemy aliens in the United States. Current History, 8 (Pt. 2):249. Rôle et pouvoirs de séquestre ou "administrateur forcé des entreprises ennemis en Allemagne d'aprés la jurisprudence du 'Reichsgericht'." Eugene Dreyfus. Clunet, 45:480. Alsace-Lorraine. Alsace-Lorraine and Democracy. By a French Soldier. Edinburgh R., 227:322. April. Choses d'Allemagne et d'Alsace-Lorraine. Th. Ruyssen. La Paix par Le Droit, 28:226. July-August. Droit (Le) et la question du plébiscite en Alsace-Lorraine. Bouchoir. L'Action nationale, 2:49. Problem of Alsace-Lorraine. A. R. Salter. Indian R., 19:414. Maurice Angary, Right of. De la réquisition des navires etrangers en temps de guerre. L'incident des navires hollandais et de l'Entente. Edouard Clunet. Clunet, 45:594. Requisitioning of Dutch ships and the right of angary. C. Phillipson. American L. R., 22:22. Right of angary. C. D. Allin. Minnesota Law R., 2:415. Right of angary. C. Phillipson. American Law R., 52:452. Annexations. "Sans annexion" qui signifie la formule? P. G. La Chesnais. L'Action nationale, 2:104. Arbitration. France et Brésil.-Contesté territorial.-Frontières.-Arbitrage.-Documents.-Production loyale de la France aux debats contre elle-même. Clunet, 45:971. Argentine Republic. Appel au President de l'Argentine. La Revue, 125:233. Armenia. Armenia's sufferings in a new phase. Current History, 8 (Pt. 2):131. Turkey and Armenia. G. Thoumanian. Contemporary, 94:188. August. Asia. Germany's prospective loot in Asia. Ellsworth Huntington. Asia, 47:480. June. Austria-Hungary. Austria accepts Germany's policy. Count Czernin. Current History, 8 (Pt. 2):513. Autriche-Hongrie (La) a la veille de la guerre. Marten-Furth. Nouvelle R., 36:25. July. Delenda est Austria. Duke of Litta-Visconti-Arese. N. American R., 208:72. July. Bagdad. Bagdad (The) railway. H. Charles Woods. N. American R., 208:219. August. From Bagdad to the Mediterranean in the hands of the Turks. G. N. Gibbs. 19th Century, 84:339. August. Balkans. Greece and the Balkan settlement. Principal Burrows. Quarterly R., 229:576. April. Bosnie (La) et L'Herzegovne. Nouvelle R., 36:211. August. Baltic. Baltic (The) Germans. A. F. Stewart. Asiatic R., 14:369. July. Belgium. Belgian courts superseded: official statement. Current History, 8 (Pt. 2):333. Belgium and Luxembourg, 1831-1839. H. Vander Linden. Quarterly R., 230:321. 516. April. Belgium as a pawn. Arthur J. Balfour. Current History, 8 (Pt. 2): Belgium under the iron heel. A Belgian Lawyer. Current History, 8 (Pt. 2):519. April. Germany's attempt to divide Belgium. Current History, 8 (Pt. 1):511. Prussian law as applied in Belgium. G. De Laval. American Law R., 52:235. Saving Belgium from starvation. Current History, 8 (Pt. 2):521. Belligerents. Belligerents and neutrals. C. Phillipson. Law Times, 145:3. Berlin, Congress of. France (La) et l'allemagne àpres la Congres de Berlin. Ernest Daudet. Le Correspondant, 234:257. July. Bersaglieri. "Bersaglieri" (The) of the sea. L. Vannutelli. N. American R., 208:197. August. Bessarabia. Bessarabia's historical background. D. N. Ciotori. Current History, 8 (Pt. 2):328. Rumania and Bessarabia. A. Rubin. Bolivar. Politica (La) internacional de Bolivar. Nueva, 5:576. Current History, 8 (Pt. 2):326. Bolshevism. Burke on Bolshevism. A. V. Dicey. 19th Century, 84:274. Brazil. Politique (La) francaise au Brésil. Baron d'Anthonard. Le Correspondant, 234:193. July. Bulgaria. What are the Bulgarians fighting for? Review of Reviews, 58:195. August. China. American policy in China. James Francis Abbott. Asia, 18:711. Sep tember. China's distrust of Japan. Henry Chung. Asia, 18:225. March. |