pleasures of tranquillity; and of which the merit was such as to command the praises as well of those who condemned, as of those who approved the treaty of Utrecht. At the arrival of King George I, he wrote The Royal Progress, which is inserted in the Spectator, No. 620, and therefore universally known.

The poetical incident of most importance in the life of Tickell, was his publication of the First Book of the Iliad, translated in apparent opposition to Pope's Homer. Pope was led by various circumstances to suppose Addison, between whom and himself there was then a great coldness, the author of that translation; but the arguments on which his suspicion was founded, though admitted by Johnson and others, have been lately shewn by Bishop Hurd, in his Life of Warburton, to be far from conclusive. His Lordship has indeed left little room to suppose that Tickell was not the author of the translation which he avowed; and it is of such undoubted merit as shows that the author was not altogether unequal to the task which Pope so successfully performed.

When Addison went into Ireland as secretary to the Lord Sunderland, he carried Tickell with him, and employed him in public business; and when afterwards he rose to be secretary of state, he made his friend undersecretary. The friendship of these two illustrious men continued, indeed, without abatement; for when Addison died, he left Tickell the charge of publishing his works, and solemnly recommended him to the patronage of Craggs, then secretary of state. About the year 1725, Tickell was made secretary to the Lords Justices of Ireland, a place of great honour; in which he continued till 1740, when he died on the 23d of April, at Bath, leaving behind him the character of a man of gay conversation, at least a temperate lover of wine and company, and in his domestic relations without censure,

HENRY GROVE,

HENRY GROVE, the author of four papers in the eighth volume, Nos. 588, 601, 626, and 635, was born at Taunton, in Somersetshire, in 1683. Being bred among the

dissenters, he did not attend either of the universities, but went through a course of philosophy and divinity under one of the most eminent scholars among the Presbyterians. He became a preacher at 22 years of age; and at 23 succeeded Mr. Warren in the academy of Taunton, in giving lectures on ethics and pneumatology. Upon the death of Mr. James, his partner in the academy, in 1725, he took the students of divinity under his care. He published several treatises, all of which display a sound and rational understanding. He wrote some letters to Dr. Clarke, on the publication of his celebrated Discourse on the Being and Attributes of God, which were treated with much respect by that illustrious divine. His paper, No. 635, in the Spectator, was republished by Dr. Gibson, Bishop of London. Mr. Grove died in 1737-8.

JOHN HENLEY.

W

JOHN HENLEY, better known by the appellation of Orator Henley, was the author of two letters, the one signed Peter de Quir, and the other Tom Tweer. See No. 896. He was the son of a clergyman, and born in 1682. He possessed some abilities, but was a kind of ecclesiastical quack. He obtained a benefice in the country; but being eager to display his oratorial talents in a more conspicuous place, he settled in London, where he preached on theological subjects on Sundays, and declaimed upon the sciences on Wednesdays; each auditor paid one shilling. He used to publish in a newspaper every Saturday, an advertisement containing an account of the subjects on which he meant to harangue on the Sunday following, at his oratory near Lincoln's Inn Fields. He was ridiculed by Foote in his Auction of Pictures, and by Pope in the Dunciad, and was certainly no respectable character.

HENRY MARTYN is supposed to have been the person alluded to in the character of Sir Andrew. Freeport. Be

T

ing the chief person employed in writing the British Merchant, a treatise that was much valued by Government, he was rewarded with the office of inspector-general of the imports and exports. He is said to have contributed his assistance in writing many papers in the Spectator; but unfortunately they have not been distinguished. See Nos. 195, 200.

ZACHARY PEARCE.

DR. ZACHARY PEARCE was born on the 8th September 1690, in the parish of St. Giles, in High Holborn. His father had acquired a competent fortune as a distiller, and retired at the age of forty, to an estate in the county of Middlesex, which he had purchased. Mr. Pearce received the rudiments of his education in a private school at Great Ealing, and was removed to Westminster School in 1704, where he highly distinguished himself, and was elected one of the King's scholars. In 1710, when he was twenty years old, he was elected to Trinity College, in Cambridge. In 1716 his new edition of Cicero de Oratore, with notes and emendations, was first published. This he was advised to dedicate to Lord Parker, afterwards Earl of Macclesfield; who was so well pleased with the performance, that he thenceforth became his friend and patron.. When Lord Parker was made High Chancellor of Great Britain, Mr. Pearce was appointed his chaplain. From that time preferments crowded upon him; and he would have received many more, if his ambition had been equal to his merit. He was made Bishop of Bangor in 1747-8, and removed to the see of Rochester in 1756. When advanced to the age of 83, he happened to fatigue himself so much by confirming 700 persons at Greenwich, that he never afterwards recovered his strength; a paralytic complaint seized him, and he almost lost the power of swallowing. Being asked by one of his friends, who constantly attended him, how he could live on so little nourishment? I live, said he, upon the recollection of an innocent and well-spent life, which is my only sustenance. After languishing several months, he died on the 29th of June 1774, in the 84th year of his age.

Besides publishing valuable editions of Cicero de Ora tore, and de Officiis, and Longinus de Sublimitate, he was author of several sermons and some controversial works. But what we are chiefly concerned in at present, is his papers in the Spectator. He wrote NO. 572, a humorous essay on quacks; and No. 633, a dissertation on the eloquence of the pulpit. In the ludicrous paper the Editor confesses that he has made additions and retrench ments, but the other is printed as it came to his hand, without variation,

BESIDES these writers, of whom we have now given a short account, we are informed that there were several others who contributed their assistance. Dr. Parnell is said to have written several papers, but these have not been distinguished. The favours of Mr. Ince, who was secretary to the comptrollers of the army accounts in 1740, are acknowledged by Steele in No. 555. The Rev. Richard Parker, Vicar of Embleton, wrote No. 474. Lord Chancellor Hardwick wrote the letter on travelling, No. 864, when he was only 19 years of age. The letter signed F. J. in No. 520, is said to have been the production of Mr. Francham of Norwich. The last letter, and the verses in No. 527, are by Pope; and the pastoral ballad in NO. 608, was written by Mr. Byrom, a native of Manchester, who afterwards published a system of short-hand, and died in 1768.

I

TO THE

RIGHT HON. JOHN, LORD SOMERS,

MY LORD,

BARON OF EVESHAM.

SHOULD not act the part of an impartial Spectator, if I dedicated the following papers to one who is not of the most consummate and most acknowledged merit.

*This illustrious patriot, who has been justly said to have "dispensed blessings by his life, and planned them for posterity," was born at Worcester, in 1652. He was educated at Oxford, and afterwards entered himself of the Middle Temple, where he studied the law with great vigour, judiciously blending it with polite literature. He soon distinguished himself at the bar; and in 1681 had a considerable share in a piece, entitled, “A just and modest Vindication of the two last Parliaments.' In 1688, he was of coun

sel for the seven bishops at their trial, and argued with great learning and eloquence against the dispensing power. In the convention which met by the prince of Orange's summons, Jan. 22, 1688-9, he represented Worcester; and was one of the managers for the House of Commons, at a conference with the House of Lords, upon the word abdicated. Soon after the accession of King William and Queen Mary to the throne, he was appointed solicitor-general, and received the honour of knighthood. In 1692, he was made at torney-general, and in 1693 advanced to the post of Lord keeper of the great seal of England. In 1695 he proposed an expedient to prevent the practice of clipping the coin; and the same year was constituted one of the Lords Justices of England during his majesty's absence, as he was likewise in the two following years. In 1697 he was created Lord Somers, baron of Evesham, and made Lord High Chancellor of England. In the beginning of 1700 he