13th Sept, 1817.] ton. 9 hausen. She has since been refused permission to reside in the kingdom of Wurtemberg. After having harangued the Jews at Gaillingen and Bandegg, whom she declared to be the peculiar people of God, she proceeded in her journey. Not being allowed to remain in some places above 24 hours, she proceeded, on the 1st of August, to Houbin, a canton of Thurgovia. She there awaits the answer of the Government of St Gall, from which she had solicited permission to establish herself in that canWhile expecting it, her missionaries preach at Houb, sometimes from the windows, sometimes in the fields, calling the baroness a prophetess. She herself preaches with all the enthusiasm of an ardent and fanatic spirit. She distributes every day bread, and some hundreds of measures of economical soup. Her adherents receive them on their knees like a gift from God. Her ordinary suite is composed of about 40 persons; among whom are remarked, Madame de Berekeim, two protestant ministers, and a lame woman who has brought her a contribution of 10,000 florins. Her adherents are in the habit of saying,- "We call no one; but those who are the elect of God will follow us," Religious Institutions, &c. Antwerp, he found about twenty of these friars, of various ages, and of French and Flemish extraction, established on a wild and sterile heath, which resisted all their efforts to cultivate. Several of the confraternity were absent in imploring the alms of the faithful. This circumstance, and the distance in which their habitation was placed from all the high roads, incontestably proved their claims were but slight to be considered as an oráre hospitalier! As little could they be employed in superintending the education of youth, for the silence which they imposed on themselves rendered such functions impracticable. As for their agricultural labours, and the produce of their industry, it was demonstrated that five husbandmen would cultivate the ground more efficaciously than their whole society. The appearance of these cenobites was squalid and repulsive-their bones literally were piercing through their skin, and their intellectual faculties, from unremitting austerities and intense silence, were as dreadfully deteriorated as their physical. The superior, the law agent, and the porter, were alone dispensed from the extreme rigour of the law of silence. The other members of the community were allowed one last word to their fellow creatures, but that was in the agony of death, and to confess their past transgressions. At the moment of this inspection, a wretch extended on an iron couch excited all the commiseration of the visitor; for though he was writhing with pain, he was not deemed sufficiently ill to be allowed to explain the symptoms of his malady to the medical brother, who consequently prescribed, as it is natural to presume, with unaided conjectural science. In a word, every thing in and connected with the establishment seemed so revolting to the mind of a civilized being, that the inspector forwarded to the Emperor a report, which was almost immediately answered by a decision of the minister of worship, Portalis, ordering the dissolution of the community, and the delivery of passports for each of these wretched monks, to return into the bosom of his family, after having, by a more succulent diet, imbibed force enough to undertake the journey. This religious order had one repast at two o'clock, consisting of bread soaked in water, without salt. Since the renewal of the ancient rules by the Abbé de Rancé, during the reign of Louis XIV. his monks abstained from wine, fish, and eggs; all kind of meat was of course prohibited. Madame Krudener.-The continually increasing number of idle and licentious vagabonds, who flocked partly from the neighbouring cantons to this woman, made it impossible for the police of Lucerne longer to suffer the disorder. On the 3d of July, therefore, the prophetess and her suite departed, escorted by officers of the police, to Zurich. She alighted near the city, and expressed a wish to remain there some weeks; the police of the canton refused it, with the more reason, as above half a hundred beggars had followed her thither from Lucerne, for whom the ex-professor Lachenal of Basle, who accompa nies her, requested quarters to be provided. The very next day the dwelling of this strange woman was besieged by a crowd of vagabonds, inquiring after her ladyship, who distributed money. Her adherents in the city were not ashamed to visit her, but on the 5th she departed, escorted by an officer of the police, for Schaff Statistics and Geographical Mathematics. Antilles, Spanish America, United States, in 1810, Total, 5,077,310 The black population of the United States is almost entirely concentrated in the southern states: the northern are not included in the account. The president of the United States has issued a proclamation, directing the sale of no less than 800,000 acres of land, recently acquired from the Creek Indians. M. Eichoff, who was director-general of the tolls taken on the Rhine during the nine years which that establishment lasted, has published at Cologne a topographical picture of that river. This work was originally intended for the information of the congress at Vienna. The first section relates to the topography and statistics, its navigation and commerce on both banks. In the second, the Rhine is presented under the aspect of a central stream, to which might be united, without any extraordinary difficulties, all the rivers of France, and even those of Germany and Russia. The third section contains a view of the police, ancient and modern, of the Rhine, and of the tolls paid. The fourth is taken up with explanations of a new system for duties receivable on this and other rivers. Parallel between Scotland and Ireland. It appears from Sir John Sinclair's Report, that Scotland possesses only 1,804,864 souls, or about one third part of the supposed population of Ireland, and yet in the year 1813 (the period at which the report was completed,) the people paid £.4,204,097 "7" 9d of net revenue, exclusively of the expence of management and drawbacks. This com C M. Brunn, who is appointed inspector of the proceed paratively immense sum amounts to within about half a for the purpose of terminating his observations with Ramsmillion of the net revenue of Ireland, and it exhibits, den's Zenith sector, and then of connecting the chief most clearly, this important fact-namely, that the peo- points in the triangulation; the latter, in order to witness ple of Scotland are able to bear a rate of taxation exceed the phenomena of the aurora boreales in those high latiing that of Ireland in the proportion of three to one, or, tudes. Dr Gregory, having ascertained what is techniin plain language, a Scotchman pays three pounds to the cally denominated "the rate" of Pennington's Astronostate for every one paid by an Irishman-and, by the same mical clock at Balta, in north latitude 60. 45. proposes rule, Ireland, instead of paying only £.4,822,264 1311d staying a short time at Aberdeen, for the purpose of asof net revenue, which was the amount in the year 1813, certaining the rate of the same clock there, by means of ought, on this account alone, to afford £.14,466,798 110% astronomical observations with the excellent instruments annually, without burthening the people more heavily than in the observatory at Marischal college. These, with sithey are in Scotland. But Ireland enjoys local advanta-milar experiments, to be subsequently repeated at the ges superior to those of Caledonia, in as far as her soil Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, and M. Biot's exand climate are more favourable to the productions of the periments on pendulums in Unst, at Leith, and France, earth. But, in comparing the circumstances of the two will furnish some important data in reference to the figure countries, there is another consideration of the utmost im- of the terrestrial spheroid, and the variations of gravity portance that bears upon the question. The total extent on different parts of its surface. The death of Professor of Scotland includes nearly nineteen millions of English Bugge, to whom the task had been confided by Denmark, acres, of which only 5,043,050 are fully or partially cul- occasioned a short interruption: a commission of three oftivated. The total extent of Ireland may be estimated at ficers and two professors having just been appointed, the more than twenty millions of English acres, of which business will now be resumed: 15,000,000 are fully or partially cultivated. Here we find that the people of the latter country have the superi-ings of the Danish commission, has communicated to the ority over those of the former, in the proportion of nearly royal society of sciences, a statistic and economic view three to one, in all that relates to the products of the soil, of Denmark, founded on geographical authorities, and the which are, in fact, the primary source of national wealth. statistical estimate of Switzerland. In regard to the quality of soil and climate, Ireland possesses an advantage over Scotland that may be estimated in the proportion of three to two-in reference to her capabilities for manufactures, she may be supposed equal; but, in relation to facilities for commerce, she again has the superiority; and, without calculating minutely, it may be fairly stated, that the resources of Ireland exceed those of Scotland as three to one, in calculating from population-as three to one in extent of productive soil-and as three to two in the quality of that soil. It therefore follows, that if the capabilities of Ireland were equally well brought into action as those of the sister country, the revenue of the former should amount to about six times the revenue of the latter, or to something about twenty-five millions sterling, without the people of Ireland being more heavily loaded with taxes than those of Scotland, and, at the same time, they ought to enjoy a similar degree of comfort and happiness, which is not the case. Without, however, carrying the statement to the full amount it might seem to bear, we shall renounce a great part of the sum, and say, that Ireland could have afforded from twelve to fifteen millions of net revenue, if her moral and physical resources had been properly applied. But Ireland, it is affirmed, could not at present bear taxation to this extent-and why? To solve the question, we must enter into a course of serious investigation, which may form the subject of a future article on this highly important and interesting topic."-Dublin paper. Geographical measurements of the earth's surface are now in progress by the associated mathematicians of several nations.-Dr Olinthus Gregory and Captain Mudge, who formed a part of the scientific association which quitted Aberdeen for Zetland isles a few weeks ago, have lately returned from thence. Captain Colby and M. Biot remain in Zetland a few weeks longer; the former, Natural History, &c. Earthquakes in North America. The shock continued about 45 seconds, and was felt from Boston to Portland, St. Andrews, and Frederickton, near 400 miles; and in another line of a similar distance and parallel direction, taking the opposite side of the bay of Fundy in its route, and going through Grand Passage, Digby, Annapolis, Windsor, &c. extending, there is reason to believe, still farther in each end of this line. Sinking of a Village-On the 26th of January 1814, the village of Lizzero, situated on the mountain of Pistoia, was involved in destruction by the falling to pieces or crumbling of the mountain, without any visible cause. The whole village, so lately the habitation of man, had entirely disappeared at the end of three days. A particular account of this fatal phenomenon was read at a meeting of the Imperial Academy of Sciences at Milan, in June 1816. Tea Shrub At the same meeting, a memoir was read on the cultivation of this shrub in the north of Italy, especially in Lombardy. It is certain that this shrub grows in the north of China, where the climate and temperature differ but little from those of Italy: that it may be naturalized, cannot be doubted. Meteoric Stones-At the sitting of the Society of Natural History at Halle, July 6, 1816, M. Chladni submitted to the inspection of the members a collection of stones which had fallen from the atmosphere. Dr Kastner was of opinion that these stones are natives of other celestial bodies; and as they are analogous to the minerals of our globe, he inferred a similarity in the inhabitants of some of the different planets. Hail Stones. This year has been remarkable, not only for the frequency of hail, but for its excessive size. In some parts of Switzerland the storms of hail have produced the most disastrous effects. In July last, a shower of hail occasioned much damage in Lower Hungary. Some persons, and a considerable number of cattle, were killed. The largest piece of ice which history mentions to have fallen, was one that fell at Autun in 824, sixteen feet long. Some of an extraordinary size were seen to fall on the Orcades islands in 1680; in Bohemia in 1720, in the Duchy of Wurtzbourg in 1739; and in France in 1740, on which occasion they were a foot long: at Potsdam, in 1767, an ox was killed by some hailstones which fell of the size of an ordinary gourd. Some were found in the environs of Namur, in 1717, which weighed eight pounds each; and in the present year, on the 4th of July, they are said to have been found at Munich of the size of a hen's egg. Inundations. The snow which had been accumulating on the tops of several mountains during five winters has been entirely melted in the course of the last six weeks. The flat country is in consequence overflowed, and the crops destroyed. A great part of the city of Basle having been inundated on the 6th ult. the citizens crossed the streets in boats. The Rhine continually brought down trees, parts of buildings, and dead animals. At Constance the lake was much higher than in 1666, and even some inches higher than in 1566. Many communes are under water, and it is feared will continue so for a long time. In the Lower Rhinthel, the water which covered the fields and roads was three leagues in circumference, and was navigable among the half-ruined houses. Pieces of the soil were seen floating about, torn up by the fury of the waters, covered with potatoes, vegetables, and hay. The bridge of Landau, with several others in the Oberland, has been carried away. Applications of Steam.-The academy of sciences and belles lettres of Brussels, which was founded in 1772 by the Empress Maria Theresa, has resumed its labours since the restoration of peace. Among other questions proposed for the subjects of prize dissertations is one that perhaps might be of use among ourselves, What are the applications of which steam is susceptible, as the means of communicating warmth in manufactories, and also for the purposes of domestic economy? Perambulating Society.-A society for the promotion of natural philosophy has been established at Geneva, which is to assemble during three days in the cities of Switzerland, in rotation, and to make excursions in the neighbourhood of the places of meeting. The society met at Berne in October last, under the presidency of M. Wyttenbach, who opened the session with a discourse on the objects and importance of their association. The experiments and information communicated on this occasion, included the safety-lamp of Sir H. Davy, the luminous pile of Dr Wollaston, and the new azimuth compass of Kater. Mushrooms. A few weeks ago, one of the flag-stones of the new pavement in Basingstoke was observed to have risen nearly one inch and a half above its proper situation, and on taking up the stone, a mushroom of between 11 six and seven inches in diameter was found growing under it. In a few days, the adjoining stone was observed to have been raised in like manner, and on removing it, to the surprise of many witnesses of the fact, two mushrooms were found under it, of nearly the same size as the other. Excursion of a Pigeon.-Those who have attended to the habits and manners of the inferior animals, have been often struck with the remarkable predilection of some of them for human society. Laying aside their natural character, whether for the purpose of obtaining food or protection, they attach and accommodate themselves to man. The dog is proverbially his steady companion and faithful friend; the hog, generally charged with grossness and stupidity, has followed the sportsman, and performed to admiration the delicate service of the pointer; and a spider was long the only living associate of a prisoner immured in the dungeons of the Bastile; and even of this feeble solace of captivity, this last object on which affection could fix itself, the cruelty of a keeper deprived his miserable victim. But without indulging in such observations, which might be greatly extended, the following little history of a pigeon may amuse some of our readers: In the course of last winter, a solitary pigeon had taken up its abode at a house in the western parts of MidLothian. It was the only inhabitant of its kind in the place, was admitted to the kitchen, soon became familiar with the servants, and sometimes accompanied them in their daily occupations in the fields. In the early part of summer, a party who were only occasional inmates in the house, and had been there but three or four days at that time, set out on an expedition to the western extremity of the Pentland hills, and directed their route along the windings of a stream which is one of the branches of the Water of Leith. When they were out of sight of the house, and nearly a mile distant, the pigeon alighted at their feet, was immediately hailed as a companion of the journey, became an object of solicitude and attention to all, and was encouraged to proceed by being fed with crumbs of biscuit. As the party advanced towards the foot of the hills, they frequently rested on the verdant banks, to enjoy the sweets of the pastoral scene-the bleatings of the sportive lambs-the soft murmuring of the stream-and the balmy zephyrs which moderated the sun's heat, and produced one of the finest days of the season;-all which was heightened by the presence of their feathered friend, the emblem of purity and inno cence. The pigeon generally remained behind at the resting-place, and when the party proceeded, and were out of sight, it took a flight to reach them. Approaching to the foot of the Pentlands, a lady of the party, not choosing to attempt the ascent, returned, and was anxious to be accompanied by the pigeon, and particularly as the appearance of hawks hovering about excited some fears for its safety. It seemed at first to hesitate, flew towards the lady, but, determined to extend its journey, changed its course, and took a flight to the place which the gentlemen had reached, and, in the same way, attended them to the summit of the ridge. Several times it remained long behind, and was altoge 12 Analytical Review.-New Publications. to particular parts, how much the execution of the work has exceeded the promise held out. In a future Number, if we can spare a little space, we may probably resume the account of this work, and make some extracts from it. [Sept. 13th 1817. ther out of sight, rose, when it ascended, to a much great- amply redeems this pledge to the public; and if our limits er height in the air, and took a wider circuit in its wheel-permitted, it were easy to satisfy our readers, by reference ing flight. It was much less shy in approaching its companions on the top of the bill; for it took some crumbs of biscuit from the band of one of the party, which it had not done in any part of the expedition; but all its motions indicated at this time considerable anxiety.— At last it commenced another wheeling flight, hovered about for some time, and finally disappeared, without any of its anxious companions perceiving to what quarter it had directed its course; but, on their return, they were gratified with finding that it had reached home, at the distance of several miles, in a few minutes after its disappearance on the top of the hill, and after an absence of seven hours. The pigeon still remains the solitary inmate of its kind in the same house; but it is somewhat singular that it has never once throughout the summer ventured on another excursion, even to a short distance, with any of the servants, and indeed it scarcely ever leaves the kitchen. LITERATURE. ANALYTICAL REVIEW. New Publications. ANOTHER poem, from the prolific pen of Lord Byron, under the title of the " Lament of Tasso," has made its appearance. It abounds with luxuriant metaphor, and the richest conceptions of the sublime. His lordship's wanderings having brought him to Ferrara, and to the hospital of St Anna, with avidity he views the relics of the immortal Tasso; enters the cell wherein the poet was confined for aspiring to the love of the Princess Leonora, of the House of Esté; his warm imagination personifies the Bard, and in that lonely cell Lord Byron breathed this Lament. The General Zoology of the late Dr Shaw proceeds towards its completion, under the superintendance of Mr J. F. Stephens, with plates by the ingenious Mrs Griffiths. The two parts of the tenth volume have appeared within the month, containing Aves, and they appear to be compiled with the same system, and the same careful se1.lection of facts which distinguished the parts printed under the care of the original author. Encyclopædia Edinensis, or Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, &c. by JAMES MILLAR, M.D. Vol. I. Parts and II. Edinburgh. Hill & Co. THREE publications under the name of Encyclopædia are now going on in Edinburgh; and innumerable works of the same description are the periodical offspring of the prolific Loudon press, thus affording the most satisfactory proof of the great demand for such performances, and a pretty sure indication of the diffusion of useful knowledge. When the Encyclopædia Edinensis was announced in a well-written Prospectus, with all our respect for the talents and experience of the learned Editor, we must confess that our doubts of the practicability of executing the task within the limits which he had prescribed to himself were very strong; but the conclusion of the first volume, and the comparative view of its contents, have entirely removed them; and all apprehension, on the score of miscalculation, if the same method be pursued throughout the remaining volume, has vanished. The first volume proceeds as far in the order of the Alphabet as three and a half, or nearly four volumes of larger works. It ends with a short treatise on the process of Bread-making; and, comparing the different parts of this comprehensive volume with the corresponding divisions of more extended works, we could not help being struck with the skill and industry exhibited in every part of it, in bringing so large a portion of valuable matter within so narrow a compass. "Extensive usefulness," it is stated in the Prospectus, "will be the characteristic feature of this work; and, in treating of the multifarious objects which it embraces, strict attention to proper selection, condensation, and methodical arrangement, will enable the Editor and his associates to exhibit, within the limits proposed, a clear, accurate, and comprehensive view of every department of knowledge." The present volume The ingenious authoress of Conversations on Chemistry, has published a pleasing volume of Conversations on Botany, which nothing but the inveterate dulness of scientific nomenclature will prevent from becoming as popular as her former work. An edition, in English, of Madame de Genlis's Palace of Truth, her master-piece, and the most instructive moral story extant; and a French version of l'Enfant Prodigue, both illustrated with coloured engravings, serve as a valuable accession to books of education. Mr John Sydney Hawkins, in an elaborate work, called, an Inquiry into the Nature and History of Greek and Latin Poetry, has merited the gratitude of classical scholars, by whom his volume will be studied with pleasure, and consulted with frequent advantage. Mr H. lays it down as his fundamental propositions:-1. That the laws of poetry are founded in reason and good sense; and, 2d. That the principles of music must be considered as the foundation of the laws of poetry. On these bases he has raised a sytem creditable to bis learning, taste, and industry. A pleasing volume, under the title of a Picturesque Tour through France, Switzerland, and part of the Netherlands, will serve either to convey just notions to the fire-side traveller, or the tourist who chooses to pursue the route of the author. ARCHEOLOGY. British Monachism, or Manners and Customs of the Monks and Nuns of England: to which are added, 1. Peregrinatorium Religiosum, or Manners and Customs of ancient Pilgrims; 2. Consuetudinal of Anchorets and Hermits; 3. Account of the Continentes, or Women who had made vows of Chastity; 4. Four Select Poems 13th Sept. 1817.] New Publications.Works preparing for Publication. 13 in various Styles; by Thomas Dudley Fosbrooke, M.A. || table of reference to authors; illustrated by figures of F.S.A. £.3 u 3s. The third Part of Neal's Illustrated History of Westminster Abbey. Royal 4to. 16s,imp. 4to. £.1 4s, crown folio, (to correspond with the new edition of Dugdale's Monasticón, of which only fifty copies are printed,) £.1116,-imperial folio, £.212.6,-proofs on India paper and etchings, £.212.6. Pompeiana, or Observations upon the Topography, Edithe Topography, Edifices, and Ornaments of Pompeii; by Sir William Gell, F.R.S. F. A. S. &c. and J. P. Gandy, Esq. arch. No. II. 8vo. 8s. BOTANY. five species, engraved on wood by Willis; to which is added, a general Catalogue of British Birds, with the provincial names for each, &c.; by T. Forster. 8s. General Zoology, or Systematic Natural History; commenced by the late George Shaw, M.D. F.R.S. &c. with Plates from the first authorities and most select specimens, engraved principally by Mrs Griffith; this vol. consists of Birds, by J. F. Stephens, F.L.S. Vol. X. 8vo. £.2 12 6-royal paper, £.3 16s. " TRAVELS. Itinerary of the Morea; being a particular description of that Peninsula; by Sir William Gell, F.R.S.; with a map of the routes. 8vo. 10s. Travels in the Interior of America, in the years 1809, 1810, and 1811; including a description of Upper Loui siana, Kentucky, Indiana, and Tennessee; by John Bradbury, F.L.S. 8s. 6d. A Botanical Description of British Plants in the Midland Counties, particularly of those in the neighbourhood of Alcester; with occasional notes and observations: to which is prefixed, a short Introduction to the Study of Botany, and to the Knowledge of the principal Natural Orders; by T. Purton, surgeon, Alcester. With eight coloured engravings, by James Sowerby. 2 vols. 8vo. £.1.ty's ship, Rosamond; containing some account of the north-eastern coast of America, and of the tribes inhabiting that remote region; by Lieut. Edward Chappell, of the royal navy. 8vo. With plates and a chart. 12s. CHEMISTRY. Chemical Amusement: comprising a Series of curious and instructive Experiments in Chemistry: by Fred. Accum, operative chemist. 12mo. 8s.. Outline of the Revolution in Spanish America; by a South American. 7s. 6d. An Abridgment of Universal History, commencing with the Creation, and carried down to the Peace of Paris in 1763; in which the descent of all nations from their common ancestor is traced, the course of colonization is marked, the progress of the arts and sciences noticed, and the whole story of mankind is reviewed, as connected with the moral government of the world, and the revealed dispensation; by the Rev. E. W. Whitaker.2 vols. 4to. £.8 u 8s. NATURAL HISTORY. Conversations on Botany; with twenty engravings, and a short account is added of some of the principal foreign species. 12mo. 7s. 6d. plain-or 10s. 6d. coloured. Observations of the Natural History of the Swallow Tribe, with collateral statements of facts relative to their migration, and to their brumal torpidity; and a copious Narrative of a Voyage to Hudson's Bay, in his Majes A Picturesque Tour through France, Switzerland, on the Banks of the Rhine, and through part of the Netherlands, in the year 1816. 8vo. 12s. The Last Month in Spain; or, Wretched Travelling through a Wretched Country; by an English Officer; with fourteen humorous coloured plates and a map. 8s. Works preparing for Publication. THE Dramatic Works of the late Mr Sheridan, prefaced by a correct life of the author, derived from authentic materials, are preparing for publication by Mr T. Wilkie, of Paternoster-row. The life of Richard Watson, Lord Bishop of Landaff, written by himself at different intervals, and revised in 1814, will speedily be published by his son, Richard Watson, L.L.B. prebendary of Landaff and Wells. Miss Lucy Aikin is preparing for the press, Memoirs of the Court of Queen Elizabeth; comprising a minute view of her domestic life, and notes of the manners, amusements, arts, and literature of her reign. The present work is composed upon the plan of uniting with the personal history of a celebrated female sovereign, and a connected narration of the domestic events of her reign, a large portion of biographical anecdote, private memoir, and tracts illustrative of an interesting period of English history. Original letters, speeches, and occasional poems are largely interspersed. The third volume of the Personal Narrative of M. De Humboldt's Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804, translated by Helen Maria Williams, is nearly ready. An Essay on the Chemical History and Medical Treatment of Calculous Disorders, with plates, by A. Marcet, M.D. F.R.S. is in the press. Mr Richard Hand, glass-painter, proposes to publish, by subscription, a Practical Treatise on the Art of Paint D |