142 Foreign Intelligence.-Domestic Affairs. Chronicle. November 22, 1817. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. East Indies.-Intelligence has been receiv. ed of so late a date as the 11th of June from Bengal, which announces, that all apprehension of an immediate Mahratta war had completely vanished. Portugal. At Lisbon, on the 18th ultimo, General Gomez Freire, the leader of the late conspiracy, and eleven of his associates, were publicly executed. These wretched men were hanged in succession; so that the executions, commencing at seven o'clock, lasted six hours; the bodies of eight of them were burnt, and their ashes, which but a few years in the earth would as effectually have rendered nothing, thrown into the Tagus. The corpses of the other four suffered no exemplary indignities after death. Baron Eben, and another of less note, have been condemned to perpetual exile from the territories of Portugal: the former has likewise been dismissed from the British service; three are banished to Africa; and two are acquitted. Spain. The King of Spain has, at length, promulgated the much-vaunted act of amnesty. The exceptions in it are so comprehensive, that those who can derive any benefit from it will be few indeed. France. The Paris papers contain the King's speech on opening the sessions of the chamber on the 5th. He says, the expences arising from the army of occupation are diminished a fifth, and gives reason to hope that these expences will soon cease entirely. He also refers to a treaty concluded with the Pope; and condoles with his people on their sufferings in consequence of the deficiency of the harvest of 1816. The trials of the Lyonese conspirators commenced on the 25th ult. before the Prevota Court of Lyons. The individuals accused are 29 in number. They are charged with endeavouring to overturn the King's Government. Tallyrand has resumed his official duties as chamberlain, and his brother has been appointed a Duke. The Mercury of Vienna states, that the civilization of Greece is making a regular progress. The municipal authorities of many Grecian cities have established, for the instruction of youth, lyceums, or gymnasia, where they teach ancient Greek, Latin, mo. dern languages, rhetoric, mathematics, &c. The pupils, when completed in their education, proceed to finish their studies in different capitals of Europe, unless prevented by filling some chair or office at home. There they connect themselves with learned men, and become their assistants, especially in superintending editions of the Greek classics. ten they find, in their countrymen who are scattered over different countries, enlightened patrons; among whom may be named the brothers Zosimades, in Russia, who distinguish themselves by defraying the expence of many fine editions of the ancient Greek authors. A Grecian lady, named Basiliki, has Of disposed of her fortune (about 100,000 francs) in favour of Siatiste, her native city, to esta. blish there a schoo! for the sciences and polite literature, under the protection of Cyrilly, the Patriarch of Constantinople, a prelate of great acquirements, and distinguished by his love for Greece, his native country. "Dur. ing the last year, the Greek merchants established at Leghorn, founded a society in that town for aiding the poor students of their nation. Those of Vienna erected a similar establishment at the commencement of the present year, under the presidency of M. Mavrogini, a relation of the Hospodar of that name. The special purpose of these establishments is to support in Europe several young Greeks, destined afterwards to diffuse the light of science over their native land." Amboyna. The agent to Lloyds at the Cape of Good Hope has written a letter, dated 15th September, stating the arrival at that settlement of a vessel from Batavia and the Mauritius, with accounts of the destruction of a Dutch garrison by the natives of the island of Lupperwaro, near Amboyna. A force of 200 men had been detached from the latter island, and suffered to land at the place above mentioned, when the inhabitants surrounded and put them all to death. DOMESTIC OCCURRENCES. Death of the Princess Charlotte.-In our young princess the hopes of the nation have been disappointed, by the birth, at 9 o'clock p. m. of a memorable day, Wednesday the 5th of November, of a still-born male child. Her Royal Highness' preceding illness was prolonged and painful; but the medical report afforded the most cheering anticipation of recovery. She went on favourably for nearly four hours after her delivery; but was then seized with spasms, which, in her ex. hausted state, put a period to her mortal existence, at about half past 2 o'clock on the morning of Thursday. The grief and consternation at this most lamentable event has spread from Claremont throughout the country. No language can describe the shock which all have felt. The churches of the metropolis were on Sunday hung with black, and the pulpits resounded with lamentations for her death, and descriptions of her virtues. The body of her Royal Highness, according to ancient custom, on the demise of any member of the Royal Family, was embalmed on Friday evening. It was opened for that purpose by Sir Everard Home, and Sir David Dundas, sergeant-surgeons, and by Mr Brande, the apothecary to the King, in conjunction with Mr Neville, surgeon to the household at Claremont. The heart and internal parts were deposited in an urn. The child of the Princess Charlotte has been embalmed as well as its regretted mother, and by the same per sons. The Great pains were taken by Drs Sims and Baillie to reanimate the child at the birth, for which purpose it was conveyed to them in an adjoining apartment, but all their efforts were ineffectual; and it appeared probable, that it had been dead for some hours before. The body of the princess has, besides embalming, been enclosed in a number of wrappers stiffened with wax,-a mode of preservation first in use among the Egyptians, and adopted for centuries among ourselves. These wrappers again are covered with an enclosure of rich blue velvet, tied with white satin. The coffins are covered with superb crimson Genoa velvet, enriched with nails formed into pannels; those on the princess's coffin are silver gilt; the others are of plain silver. coffin of the princess is of very large dimensions: It is upwards of six feet in length, and broad in proportion. The materials of both are of Spanish mahogany. Wednesday is de finitely fixed for the funeral of the princess and her babe. It will take place at night. The bodies will lie in state at Windsor, in the same spot where the late Princess Amelia lay in state, Augusta Lodge. All the royal dukes will attend the funeral. The Prince Regent, as exercising the functions of sovereignty, cannot be present. All the cabinet ministers will assist at the mournful ceremony. The funeral has been deferred to a late day, in order that the dukes of Kent and Cambridge may have time to return to England, and pay the last melancholy duty to their departed relative. The Funds.-The melancholy news of the death of the Princess Charlotte had the effect this morning of depressing the Funds. Consols, which left off on Wednesday at 831, com. menced on Thurday, at 823, but in half an hour they rallied, and at 11 o'clock were at 833 for the account. The commissioners for the redemption of the national debt commenced this day, buying £120,000 stock, being the first day of the quarter. They were served generally by the jobbers at 83 for money; and, from the scarcity of stock, they were compelled again to buy consols instead of reduced. They will soon purchase £140,000 every transfer day. The Commissioners purchased on the 7th as much as £160,000 stock, but this entire sum is not to be applied to the sinking fund, but we are happy to find, that £20,000 of the amount is referable to the meritorious and valuable establishment of the savings bank. The chief contract was in consols at 83, but a few thousands were acquir ed in reduced annuities at 821. The Duke of Wellington arrived on Monday at Dover, and proceeded immediately to visit Lord Castlereagh at Dover Castle. On Wednesday afternoon, the Duke, accompanied by two aides-de-camp, arrived at Apsley House, Piccadilly. The Lords of the Treasury have come to the determination of appointing a commission, to consist of five persons, for the purpose of per. sonally inspecting the different departments of | commendation of the Magistrates; and dithe Custom-house, with the view of improving the system now in use, or of pointing out a new and preferable mode altogether. Circular instructions have been sent from the tax-office to every district, for the burning, or effectually destroying all the books and papers relating to the property tax. The Earl of Dalhousie, now Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia, is to succeed Sir John Sherbrook as Governor-General and Command. er-in-Chief in Canada. JEWS.-In a Tract lately published at Paris by M. Bail, the following is given as a fair calculation of the number of Jews in the different quarters of the globe :In all parts of Poland, before the partition of 1772, In Russia, including Moldavia and In France, 1,000,000 200,000 500,000 80,000 5,000 50,000 50,000 In all the states in which the Ger man language is spoken, In Holland and the Netherlands, In Sweden and Denmark, In England, (of which London contains 12,000), In the states in which Italian is spoken, In Spain and Portugal, In the United States, In the Mahommedan States of Asia, Europe, and Africa, 200,000 10,000 3,000 4,000,000 The three men convicted of high treason at the late Derby assizes, were executed on the 11th. Turner and Ludlam in particular, up to the day of execution, were fervent in their religious devotions.-Brandreth, the leader, from the moment of the fatal warrant being announced to him, became more reserved than ever. When allowed to walk in the yard, he dashed his chains about as if he felt them not, and seemed quite composed and at his ease, while he looked coolly around him and smoked his pipe. Observing several spectators staring with much astonishment at him through a small grated window, he fixed a steady look of contempt and indifference on them whenever he came to that corner of his walk. He seemed extremely attentive at every exercise of religion and devotion, but he steadily resisted every enquiry into his former history, or into the circumstances that led into the last fatal adventure. Edinburgh, November 20. On Sunday, the mourning for the much la mented Princess Charlotte commenced in this city, and was very general. The pulpits and desks of all the churches were hung with black. The Lord Provost and Magistrates, the Lords of Session, the Commander of the troops, and the North British Staff, Rear Admiral Sir William Johnstone Hope, commander on the Leith station, and a crowded audience, attended the High Church. In the forenoon, the Rev. Principal Baird preached a eloquent and pathetic discourse from Psalm vi. 10. In all the churches sermons suitable to the melancholy occasion were delivered. As the interment of the Princess was to take place on Wednesday night, all the shops were closed at one o'clock, by a re vine service was performed in most of the churches. The bells continued to toll at intervals; and minute guns were fired from the shipping in the Roads between 8 and 10 o'clock. On Monday, a numerous and respectable meeting of the Merchant Company was held in their Hall, Hunter Square, for the purpose of discussing certain resolutions submitted by some of their body, for improving the present set of the city, in conformity with similar meetings of burgh reform now going forward in Scotland. The resolution to this effect was carried, after a very animated debate, by a majority of 176 to 87.-On Thursday week, at a meeting of the incorporation of Bakers, resolutions in favour of such a reform, as may secure to the incorporation the election of their Deacon, and an amendment in the set of the burgh, was carried unanimously. On Monday se'ennight, a meeting of the Incorporation of Cordiners of this city, was held for the purpose of considering the question of burgh reform. A string of resolutions, similar to those adopted by other corporate bodies, was moved, which was met by an amendment to defer the consideration of the subject for a month. This amendment was carried, upon a vote of 15 to 10. Deacon Anderson voted with the minority. Meetings continue to be held, or are expected to take place, for the same purpose, at Cupar, Fife, Ayr, Dumfries, Annan, Inverness, and Forres. Lately, upwards of 120 persons were admitted in one week to be Burgesses and Guild-Brothers of this city. Averaging the several sums paid by those indivi. duals at £14 each, they will amount to betwixt £1600 and £1700. Town Guard.-On Saturday, this ancient corps were disbanded in the Royal Exchange. They were drawn up about half-past twelve o'clock, where two of the Magistrates and other official officers attended. After being saluted by the corps, Bailie R. Anderson in formed them, that, owing to the present establishment in the city, their services were, by act of parliament, rendered unnecessary after that day; but that the magistrates and Council had taken the case of every individual into consideration, and as they found most of them had decent pensions from government, for former services, they had resolved to grant pensions to those who were not provided for, and also to increase the pensions of those who had but a small allowance, and had been long in the service of the city. He then thanked them for their good conduct; and hoped, now that they were dismissed from the city's service, they would behave as became loyal subjects and good citizens. The corps again saluted, and afterwards deposited their arms in a room in the City Chambers. The serjeants received two guineas each, the corporals a guinea and a half, and the drummers and privates one guinea, as a present from the Magistrates. The Town Guard, the only one in the British dominions on the same principle, was ori ginally raised in the year 1648, and consisted then of 60 men, besides officers. In 1682, it was increased to 108 men. Since that period the number has fluctuated, but for many years there were three companies, of one captain, one serjeant, one corporal, one drummer, and 25 privates. Within these few years, how ever, it was reduced to two serjeants, two corporals, two drummers, and 25 privates. BIRTHS. 148 The Lady of Dr John Campbell, Broughton street, a son. At No. 8. George street, Edinburgh, Mrs Lee, St Andrews, a son. At Edmonstone, the Lady of John Wauchope, Esq. a daughter. At Ruchill, Mrs M'Lean, younger of Coll, a daughter. Mrs Newton, Warwick square, a son. At Stevenson, the Lady of Sir John Gordon Sinclair, Bart. a daughter The Countess of Langford, a son. The Lady of Sir James Douglas, K. C. B. Heriot Row, a son. At Maxpoffle, Mrs Scott, younger of Rac-. burn, son. At Corfu, the Lady of the honourable Colonel Patrick Stewart, a son. At Beaumont Cottage, Chertsey, the Lady of John Hamilton Colt, Esq. a son. Mrs Matheson, Queen street, a daughter. At Llynon, in the island of Anglesea, the Lady of H. H. Jones, Esq. of Llynon, a son. Mrs Terrot, wife of the Rev. Mr Terrot, Albany street, a daughter. At Edinburgh, the Lady of Captain Sted man, a daughter. At Edinburgh, Mrs Haldan, a son. Mrs Campbell, of Arnold Cottage, Newing ton, a daughter. MARRIAGES. At Culzean Castle, Lord Viscount Kinnaird, son of the Earl of Newburgh, to Lady Mar. garet Kennedy, third daughter of the Earl of Cassilis. At Fortrose, Donald Charles Cameron, Esq. of Berbice, to Elizabeth Frazer Mathison, daughter of Colin Mathison, Esq. of Bennet's Field, Ross-shire. At Kilmarnock, John Crawford, Esq. of Gilkneckhill, Jamaica, to Miss Frances Gordon, daughter of the late John Gordon, Esq. of Carleton. At Broomvale, Mr Robert M.Arthur, sur. geon in Campsie, to Jessie, daughter of the late Donald M'Intyre, Esq. of Blairchory. At Burnhouse, Mr Benjamin Mathie, writer, Glasgow, to Elizabeth, daughter of the deceased James Forlong, Esq. late merchant, Glasgow. At Dundee, Mr Thomas Walker, Strathmiglo Field, to Miss Barbara Campbell, only daughter of the deceased James Campbell, Esq. merchant, Dundee. At Stroquhan, Roger Kirkpatrick, Esq. son of the late Sir James Kirkpatrick, Bart. of Closeburn, to Lillias, third daughter of Robert Anderson, Esq. of Stroquhan. At the British Ambassador's, in Paris, Captain Acton, of the cavalry lancers, son to General Acton, and nephew of the late Sir John Acton, Bart. of Aldenham, Shropshire, to Charlotte, only daughter of Dr Clugston, late of Bombay. 144 Marriages Deaths-Markets-High Water at Leith. nes Elizabeth, daughter of James Grierson, Esq. of Dalgoner. At her father's house at Samuelstown, Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Begbie, much regretted. At Armagh, Ireland, Major-General John Burnett, commanding the Northern District. At his house, James's Square, John Graham. Esq. historical painter, and many years teacher of the academy under the direction of the honourable Board of Trustees. At Edinburgh, Emilia M'George, relict of the Rev. Adam Gib, late minister of the Associate Congregation, Edinburgh. At her brother's house at Hilton, Miss Isabella Newton. At Borrowstounness, Andrew Milne, Esq. late merchant there. At Megginch Castle, Miss Jane Atholl Drummond of Megginch. At Barjarg, the infant daughter of William F. Hunter, Esq. Miss Margaret Simpson, at her house, Canongate. At Edinburgh, Janet Disher, wife of Mr John Hunter, merchant, High Street. At Edinburgh, Robert, son of Robert Forrester, treasurer of the Bank of Scotland. At Edinburgh, Mrs Mary Honyman, relict of the Rev. Alexander Nicolson, minister of Thurso, in the 89th year of her age. At Cudalore, Montague Cockburn, third son of M. D. Cockburn, Esq. At Deptford, Lawrence Dundas Bruce, fourth son of the deceased Alexander Bruce of Kennet, Esq. At London Street, Mrs Patison, wife of Mr William Patison, merchant in Edinburgh. At Murray's Hall, near Stirling, Margaret Ruthven, only daughter of the late Mr John Ruthven, Glasgow. At Carluke, Mr Alexander Wight, late baker in Edinburgh. At Blair House, Mrs Blair of Blair. His remains were attended to the grave by Dr Donald M'Askill, of the island of Eigg, MARKETS. Bar [November 22, 1817. COTTON WOOL.-Bengal, 15d.-West India, 214d-Bowed, 214d to 22 d.-New Orleans, 23 d. to 2s. d.-Maranham, 2s. 14d.-Demerara, 2s. d. to 2s. 2d.-Sea Island, 2s. 5 d. to 2s. 7d.-Ditto Stained, 2s. 1 d. Edinburgh, Nov. 18. per peck of best oatmeal 1s. 10d-Second, 1s. 9d.-There were also 69 bolls of Pease and Barley Meal, which sold at 19s. Od.Retail price per peck, 1s. 4d. This day there were 376 bolls of Oatmeal Haddington, Nov. 14. in Edinburgh Market, which sold, First, 28s. A middling supply of Wheat in market, which met with a ready sale: prices a little-Second, 27s. Od. per boll-Retail price lower than last day; best new 48s. current prices from 30s. to 45s. There were only three parcels of old Wheat in market, two of which sold at 36s. and the other at 24s. ley 1s. 6d. higher than last day; best 36s. 6d. current prices from 28s. to 34s. Oats 1s. lower than last day; best 29s. current prices from 20s. to 28s. Pease and Beans from 26s. to 32s. Wheat. First 48s 0d Secd. 40s Od❘ 26s. Od. Third 33s Od 27s Od 19s 0d Old Wheat, 36s. to 24s. Barley 36s Od Oats. 29s Od Peas & Beans 32s. Od. 32s Od 24% Od 29s. Od. 872 Bolls of Wheat in the market, whereof 778 sold thus :18 at £2 80 7 28. 2 6 0 85 1 19 1 18 3.. 1 17 .. 0130 110 0 8 1 8 0 1. 7 0 0 0 13 4 2 4 0 47..1 16 0 2 2 3 0.50..1 15 0 ..1 5 0 220 6..1 14 0 2 1 4 0 2 1 1 0 2 1 0 23 6 27 Unsold. 200 6 1 11 6 67 Grey. Average, £1 19 03-12ths. 86 37 ... 2 1 6 56...1 13 0 8... 1 12 95. At Govan House, Stewart Douglas, Esq. 58. merchant, Glasgow. At Paris, the Count Otto, formerly ambassador from France to the Courts of Vienna, London, and Munich. At Belfast, serjeant Alexander Cameron, piper-major of the 92d, or Gordon Highlanders. His merits as a performer on the Highland bag-pipe were generally acknowledged; but they could only be duly appreciated by those who felt the inspiring effects of his animating strains on the toilsome march, or amid the thunder of the battle. He served in the Peninsula during the whole of the late war, and by his zeal attracted the notice of several officers of high rank. Lieutenant-General Sr William Erskine, in a letter to a friend after "The the affair of Rio del Molinas, says, first intimation the enemy had of our approach, was the piper of the 92d, playing "Hey, Johnny Cope, are ye wakin' yet.' this favourite air, from Cameron's pipe, the streets of Brussels re-echoed on the night of the 15th of June, when the regiment assembled to march out to the field of Waterloo. Το ... Dalkeith, Nov. 13. The quantity of grain was considerably more than the preceding market, but in general damp and of inferior quality. Wheat. Barley 34s Od First 51s 6d Secd. 40s 0d | 28s Od Third30s Od 24s Od Oats. Pease. Beans 29s Od 30s Od 30s Od 24s Od 27s Od¡ 27s Od 16s Od 25s Od❘ 25s0d Dalkeith, Nov. 17. The quantity of oatmeal at this day's market was larger than for some time past, being 260 bolls, and almost from the south, but in general of inferior quality, which sold heavily and lower; best 26s. current 25s. inferior from 20s. to 24s. per boll; retail 1s. 7d. to 1s. 8d. per peck. Edinburgh Corn Market, Nov. 12. Our market was well supplied with all kinds of grain, and sales in general were heavy, at At All Hallow Fair, on Tuesday, the show of horses was 400, and on Wednesday 330, chiefly of the draught kind; sale very dull, at reduced prices. At Lanark Fair, on Wednesday, the market was full of cattle, but the sales were slack, and many were returned home unsold. There was a good deal of lint, which sold readily at 16s. a stone. At Hawick Fair, on Tuesday last, there was a good show of cattle, and a quick demand, at high prices. J. Ruthven and Sons, Printers, Merchant Court, Edinburgh. Th. Sa. 612 23 12 52 1 19 The Origin of Pamphlets. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1817. PRICE 1S. posed there, and conveyed by means of (illuminating whom, they have not alLady Anne Boleyn, to the perusal of ways escaped the flames themselves) yet "I look upon pamphlets," says a Henry VIII at the beginning of this are they beheld, by politic or penetratwriter of the 17th century, "as the eld- rupture; the copies whereof were strew-ing eyes, as thermometers of state, foreest offspring of paper, and entitled to ed about at the king's procession to showing the temperature and changes claim the rights of primogenitorship Westminster; the first example, as some of government, with the salantures apeven of bound volumes, however they think, of that kind of appeal to the proaching therein; and even preservamay be shorter lived, and the younger public. How the cardinal was nettled tives to be had against them, would the brother has so much outgrown the elder. thereat, how he endeavoured to stifle active be as unanimous to prevent, as In as much as arguments do now, and and secret the same, how it provoked the speculists have been industrious to more especially did, in the minority of the pen of the bigotted lord chancellor prognosticate the same." our erudition, not only so much more (Sir Thomas More), how glaringly it rarely require a larger compass than was fixed in the front of the prohibited pamphlets will comprise, but these be- book, and yet how it captivated the said ing of a more facile, more decent, and king's affection and esteem, may not simple form, suitable to the character of only be presumed from the purport, but the more artless ages, they seem to have gathered from the accounts which our been preferred by our modest ancestors ecclesiastical histories have given therefor the communication of their senti- of. It would be endless to specify how ments, before book-writing became a much this province was henceforward trade, and lucre and vanity let in de- cultivated by prelates, statesmen, and luges of degressory learning to swell up authors of the first rank, not excepting unwieldy folios. Thus I find, not a lit- majesty itself, in the several examples tle to the honour of our subject, no less a which might be produced of the said person than the renowned Alfred col- Henry VIII, King James, and Charles; lecting his sage precepts and divine sen- the second of whom thought so honourtences, with his own royal hand, into ably of these pamphlet performances, quaternions of leaves stitched together, that he deemed one of his own writing which he would enlarge with additional so much above human patronage, as to quaternious, as occasion offered; yet make a dedication of it to Jesus Christ. seemed he to keep his collection so much "England, through its spirit of liberwithin the limits of a pamphlet size, ty, has been the most fruitful country however bound together at last, that he for the production of pamphlets; so the called it by the name of his "Hand-period has been most fruitful in them, book"-because he made it his constant companion, and had it at hand wherever he went. "It was, however, the grand controversy between the church of Rome and the first opposers thereof, which seems to have laid the foundation of this kind of writing, and to have given great credit to it at the same time, as well by the many eminent authors it produced in church and state, as the successful detection and defeat thereby befalling those religious impostures which had so universally enslaved the minds of men. Nay, this important reformation has been much ascribed to one little pamphlet only, which a certain lawyer of Gray's Inn (obliged to fly into Germany for having acted in a play which incensed Cardinal Wolsey) com-a-flying to be gazed at by the multitude, presumption, and, I believe, proof's in The writer of this essay proceeds to remark on the great price given for pamphlets which were become scarce. "There never was a greater esteem, or better market; never so many eager searches after, or extravagant purchasers of, scarce pamphlets, than in the present times, which have been made evident either from the sales of them in general: as that of Tom Britton, the celebrated small-coal man of Clerkenwell, who, besides his chemical and musical collections, had one of choice pamphlets, which he sold to the late Lord Somers, for upwards of 500%; and more especially Mr. Anthony Collins, the last year, whose library, consisting principally of pamphlets, and those mostly controversial, and mostly modern, is reported to have sold both parts of it for 1800l.; or whether we descend into particulars, and consider the exorbitant value set upon some single pieces, was that of the civil wars in the reign as the topographical pamphlets of John of Charles I. Indeed, in all disorders Norden, the surveyor, which before they and commotions, it is natural to have were reprinted often sold for 40s. a recourse to the most expeditious intelli- piece; the Examination of Sir John gence and redress, lest delay should be Oldcastle, which I have known sold for more dangerous than the deficiency of three guineas, though gleaned from them; or they superannuated before Fox's Book of Martyrs; the Expedition they were born. For while some per- of the Duke of Somerset into Scotland sons are labouring in the paroxysms of also has been sold for four guineas, contention, were others pondering long- though totally inserted in Holinshed. winded expedients of accommodation, From the grand collection of pamphlets and prescribing volumes for a recipe, which was made by Tomlinson, the the dose would come too late for the dis- bookseller, from the latter end of the ease, and the very preparation thereof year 1640 to the beginning of 1660, it disable its efficacy. Therefore are pam- appears there were published in that phlets, and such sort of tracts, rifest in space nearly thirty thousand several great revolutions; which, though look-tracts; and that these were not the comed upon by some as paper-lanterns set plete issue of that period there is good He feared no less a hundred lances, then [December 6, 1817. being. Notwithstanding it is enriched even Solyman, the Grand Turk; with "In this manner did some take the with near a hundred manuscripts, which Barbarossa, the pirate; and several o- liberty of calling these personages to acnobody then (being written on the side ther potentates, all condescended to be- count for their misdeeds, even while of the royalists) would venture to put come tributary to the satyric muse of they were living. And with regard to into print, the whole, however, is pro- Pietro Aretino; whom, notwithstanding that most memorable usurper last mengressionally and uniformly bound in up- it is not very probable they had any tioned, thus was a celebrated writer of wards of two thousand volumes, of all way personally exasperated. Some also ours for immortalizing him: 'When we sizes. The catalogue, which was taken in our story might be named, who have fix any infamy on deceased persons, it by Marmaduke Foster, the auctioneer, taken the like method to assuage the ef- should not be done out of any hatred to consists of twelve vols. in folio; where- fects of their discreditable conduct; a- the dead, but out of love and charity to in every piece has such a punctual re-mong whom are not wanting those who, the living; that the curses that only register and reference, that the smallest, having penuriously made their plaster too main in men's thoughts, and dare not even of a single leaf, may be readily scant for the sore, have rather multiplied come forth against tyrants, because they repaired to thereby. They were col- than subtracted from their own disgrace; are tyrants, while they are so, may at lected no doubt with great assiduity and and industriously exposed their folly by last be for ever settled and engraven. expense, and not preserved, in those the imperfect concealment of their vice. upon their memory, to deter all others troublesome times, without great danger These had not the affected tenderness from the same wickedness. The misand difficulty; the books being often for their own reputations it seems, even chief of tyranny is too great, even in shifted from place to place, out of the of the Turks and barbarians; not that the shortest time that it can continuearmy's reach. So scarce were many of exquisite apprehension of this durable it is endless and insupportable if the exthe pamphlets, even at their publication, discipline, which may visit the sins of ample be to reign too. If it were posthat Charles I is reported to have given the fathers on their children unto the sible to cut tyrants out of history, and ten pounds for only reading one over third and fourth generation: as not the to extinguish their very names, I am of (which he could no where else procure) love, so neither the fear of men of letters, opinion it ought to be done; but since at the owner's house in St. Paul's Church- which is noted in one of the wisest ko- they have left behind them too deep yard. man emperors, by the historian of his wounds to be ever closed up without a "The extraordinary price of pam-life, (Lampridius in Alexandro Severo) scar, at least let us set a mark on their phlets already mentioned, would natu- and by one of our own authors in these memory, that men of the same wicked rally excite our deliberate inquiry into words: inclinations may be no less affrighted what has been most extraordinary in the with their lasting ignominy, than enticcontents of them; but so multifarious ed by their momentary glories. are the subjects, that it cannot be ex"How little soever these sentiments pected I should enumerate them in the Parva necat morsu spatiosum vipera taurum. may be thought to need corroboration, narrow limits of an epistolary address. "I shall leave it for others to discuss, I fatter myself the following reply of What do most attract the attention of whether this sort of writing is more in- our late excellent Queen Mary ought mankind, are those dreaded scourges of clinable to flourish, and to take deeper not here to be forgotten, when some of a mal-administration, commonly, though root, by the ventilations of resentment; her courtiers would have incensed her perhaps sometimes too indiscriminately, or wither and die away in the shades of against Monsieur Jurien, who in his bearing the contumelious denomination disregard: but this we may observe, answer to Father Maimburg, that he of libels. It matters little whether it be that some charges are of such a convinc-might the better justify the reformation reasonable or not, that such writings as ing, clinging nature, that they are found in Scotland, made a very black repreduly expose villainy should themselves not only to strike all apology or contra-sentation of their Queen Mary—Is it be vile, or that some persons, who have diction dumb, but to stick longer upon not a shame,' said one of the company, been unjustly injurious by any other the names of the accused than the flesh that this man, without any considerameans may not be justly injured by upon their bones. Thus Philip the Se- tion of your royal person, should dare this; but it is obvious to all who know cond's wicked employment, treacherous to throw such infamous calumnies on a the disproportion of riches and power desertion, and barbarous persecution of queen from which your Royal Highness in the world, that there are crimes not his secretary, Antonio Perez, upbraids is descended? Not atall, replied this to be branded by other means. And him out of the author's Librillo, through ingenuous princess, 'for is it not enough since the lashes of reason will reach all Europe to this day. Mary, Queen that, by fulsome praises, kings be lulled where those of justice cannot; since of Scots, has not yet got clear of Bu- asleep all their lives; but must flattery truth will project defamations from the chanan's Detection. Robert, Earl of accompany them to their graves? how actions of oppressive rulers, as uncon- Leicester, cannot shake off Father Par-shall then princes fear the judgment of trolledly as the sun does the shadows son's Green Coat. George, Duke of posterity, if historians were not allowed from opacous bodies, the redress of the Buckingham, will not speedily outstrip to speak the truth after their death!" effect is to be sought for in the cause; Doctor Eglisham's Fore-runner of Reand we should apply the salve to the venge. Nor was Oliver Cromwell far minds which received the provocation; from killing himself at the pamphlet not, empiric like, seek to staunch them by which argued it to be No Murder, lest binding up the weapons which returned it should persuade others to think so, it. Nay, we read that the Emperor and he perish by ignobler hand than Charles V; Francis I of France; and his own. Letters of David Hume. Mr. Hume's account of Rousseau in England continues to possess so much interest, that we trust we shall not tire our readers with a few further extracts |