December 6, 1817.] FINE ARTS. Styles of Art in Landscape Painting. (Flemish school concluded.) dock, sedges, or brambles in his fore-cated.To these we might add the ground. A storm, or any turbulent name of Van Goen, whose style is very scene, would indeed be a novelty in this distinct; his subjects were mostly taken master's works; his water is always from the sea coasts, simple both in form D. Teniers.-This artist may rather calm, and his sky is always serene. and colour; the general hue of his picbe considered a painter of pastoral The Dutch boats, in the Marquis of tures a low-toned yellow or clay colour, scenes, and rustic life, than of land- Stafford's collection, is perhaps the finest and his trees dotted as if by some mescape; and in common with Wover- specimen that can be produced of his chanical process. There are many others mans, divided his attention between manner; and may serve as the most of the Flemish school of landscape well his figures and their back-ground. perfect model for the study of that artist worthy of notice, but in treating on the Yet while in him we are almost ex- who wishes to form his practice on this different styles, it is only necessary to clusively rivetted to the polish of his style of art. Both, with much of the bring such forward as are distinct: and pencil as employed on the detail of warmth and stillness of Cuyp, has more these we think will be sufficient to mark his figures, in Teniers we are invaria-of study and selection in his composi- the characteristic features of the Flemish bly attracted by the scenery of his tions; and his scenes partake much of style in landscape. works. The modest liveliness of this the Italian form; his trees have a studiartist's colouring, his silvery and chast- ed elegance, with more of general than ened hues, the neatness and freedom of individual nature. his pencil will readily distinguish him Berghem, Pynaker, and Waterloo, from the laboured and microscopic won- form links in the chain which seems to ders of Gerard Dow, Mieris, &c. His connect the Flemish with the Italian landscapes, when they are given as ex- school. Berghem, with the most exquiclusively such, are generally accompa- site pencil and style of colour, has still nied by some figures, in which a portion an artificial mode of making out his reof positive colour in the drapery or cap lief: contrasts of colour, rather than of his boors serves to set off and height- light and shade, produce the effect. His en the subdued tone of the rest. There sparkling touches of light and colour are is no elevation of thought in his compo- often brought in, where it would be sitions, though his forms are in general difficult to determine upon principle well chosen, and often approach to the romantic. His trees are of a general character, beautiful in shape, and exquisitely touched. Of him it may be said, that having once seen his works, you can never be at a loss to know them again. The prints after him by P. le Bas, Major, &c. give a tolerable idea of his style. Brueghel and Elshiemer are in a style of great finish and neatness; they hold a high character in the class of cabinet pictures. In those of Brueghel the tone of colour is a lively green, the trees are remarkably elegant in their form, and the foliage dotted with much care and precision; the sky blue and vivid. Upon the whole, paintings of this class are rather curious than interesting; as representations of nature, they have small claim to regard. Vander Heyden is in every way opposite to the light green hue of Brueghow they came there. The subjects of hel; his pictures are dark, in contrast to his paintings are mostly pastoral, with a light and clear sky, but with every atcattle and figures, and touched with tention to individual imitation; they great spirit and freedom of pencil: the are much laboured, but with little choice rolling appearance of his clouds gives a as to selection or composition, and are peculiar grace to his pictures. It was seldom without water, in which the obwith reference to their form, that Sir jects are reflected, so as so give great Joshua Reynolds remarked, they had all brilliancy to his subject. the correctness of an academy drawing. Hobbima and Ruysdal in a great mea- Pynaker. The subjects of this pain- Account of the Museum of French Mosure resemble each other in their gene- ter are also pastoral, and somewhat re-numents.—When the reign of terror ocral style-all is subdued into a dark semble those of Berghem; but in the casioned the destruction of so many mellow tone, deeply green. Hobbima play of his foliage, and the elegant form churches and convents, M. Le Noir, a is more simple, in choice of subject, as of his trees, he has more of Both. He painter, endeavoured to rescue the mowell as colour—a large spreading tree, is, however, cooler in his style and sharp-numents. He made proposals to the gothe entrance to a wood, cottages seen er in his pencil; indeed nothing can government respecting the ancient works through a vista or opening form the beyond the sweetness of touch and light- of art in the suppressed ecclesiastical and broad masses in the foreground. In ness of hand by which his foliage and secular institutions: his suggestions were the paintings of Ruysdal there is a branches oppose the clear and beautiful approved, and he was appointed to argreater variety of tones and colours, skies, over which they are thrown. His rich hues of purple and gold tints; compositions are of the most beautiful the latter judiciously sprinkled near or and select kind, and his observance of between the dark foliage and masses of nature is not less than his judicious his trees, as well as on the luminous choice of subject. The cool mists that parts of his foregrounds. The general are seen rising between distance and character of both, is dark opposed to sky. distance, give a separation, (the effect of Cuyp.-In the landscapes of Cuyp, atmosphere) the most perfect that can be the utmost simplicity prevails-stillness imagined, and by no artist have they and warmth are the characteristics of been more happily expressed. his style. His pictures are seldom without cattle, which generally occupy the principal place. He is at great pains to finish and make out the broad-leafed Waterloo. We cannot now write or see this name without associating far different ideas than those sylvan scenes which the pencil of this artist communi range and superintend a museum destined for the reception of French works of art both ancient and modern. The former Augustine convent was allotted for this purpose. This edifice M. Le Noir converted, at a very trifling expence, into a most interesting institution. On the two sides of the church he erected the large monument which had formerly adorned the abbey of St. Denis and other churches. He made a low vaulted room behind the high altar the receptacle for the monuments of the 13th century, and there he placed the 158 Fine Arts. [December 6, 1817. tombs of the ancient kings of France. consecrated places. Among the rest, the having been made for these remains, The small windows were formed of tombs of La Foutaine and Moliere were they were deposited, at the suggestion painted glass of the same period: and to be placed in the burial ground of of Le Noir, in the garden, under the two antique lamps were suspended from Pere Lachaise, which is now become for monuments which had been executed. the vaulted roof over the grave stones: France, what Westminster Abbey is to Here they remained till the present year, so that an involuntary awe seized the England, the receptacle of the mortal when they were removed with almost spectator on entering this repository of remains of the great men of the nation; as little ceremony as on any former octhe memorials of the mighty dead. From several learned societies, resolved, with casion. The remains of Boileau, Abethis place the monuments were conti- that enthusiasm peculiar to the French, lard and Heloise, Des Cartes, and other nued in chronological order along what to pay a tribute of respect to those emi-eminent persons, are to be removed in was the transept of the convent. The nent men, by accompanying their ashes like manner, with their monuments, to windows were composed of painted glass, to the burial ground. But it was im- the same ground. It is stated, that Voland each of the apartments opening in- possible to forget that the clergy had taire and Rousseau have been thrice into this transept exhibited a gallery of a once refused the sacred rites to Moliere's terred, that they have had three coffins, particular age in regular succession to remains, and that La Fontaine had com- and been deposited in nine different the 19th century, "You accompany, posed tales in the manner of Bocaccio, places, among which the guard-house is therefore," observes the author of Paul's on which account he had nearly been the most extraordinory. The remains Letters to his kinsfolk, "at once the pro- denied the last sacrament on his death-of Abelard and Heloise had been regress of the arts, and that of history as bed. It was, therefore, to be feared, moved nearly as often, and it is not more you wander from hall to hall, and com-that the clergy of the present day would than a year since their former monupare the rude images of Clovis and Pha- not be disposed to allow the last ho- ment in the garden of the museum was ramond with what the Italian chisel pronours to be paid to those two favourite taken down, when the gardens was made duced to commemorate departed great-writers of the French nation. The go- smaller, and re-erected in the court-yard. ness, in that happy epoch which the vernment, in consequence, with a watch- It is now to be pulled to pieces again, French artists call the Le Siecle de la ful attention to the public tranquillity, and transferred to the burial ground. Renaisance." Le Noir laid out the gar- ordered a hearse to be sent to the mu- M. Le Noir possesses a private cabiden in a very romantic manner: thick seum at an early hour in the morning. net full of antiquarian curiosities; his bushes and beautiful grass-plots were The two monuments were then taken to collection is particularly rich in original tastefully diversified with monuments. pieces, and the remains of the bodies portraits of the various periods of French Here were erected those monuments, being placed in coffins, were conveyed history. Of these he designs to publish which from their size were rendered un- first to the church, and then to the bu-fac-similes, printed by the lithographic fit for a cloister. Among those were to rial ground, and deposited in a house processes, and to accompany them with be seen the tomb of Abelard and He- there till the foundation for the monu- concise letter-press illustrations. loise, with those of Des Cartes, Moliere, ments shall be prepared. The members La Fontaine, Boileau, and others dear to of the learned societies, who were to Character of Albert Durer, and his French literature. The antiquary who have been joined by the actors of the Works.-The most extraordinary genius visits Paris, says the writer above re- Theatre Français, were, of course, dis-of his time was Albert Durer, (born ferred to, must be deeply interested by appointed in their intention. The ashes 1471). His father was a goldsmith, a visit to this museum. "Yet such is of these men have been so often removed and, no doubt, instructed his son with the caprice of the human mind," he that it is time they should at length find his best ability; but young Albert deadds, that even from this rich mental a secure resting-place. The bodies of termined to learn painting also, for feast we return with some degree of dis- both were first interred in St. Joseph's which purpose he was placed with Mi. satisfaction. The inspection of the Mu-church-yard. When Paris was divided, chael Wolgemuth, with whom he reseum inspired me at least with a feeling, at the Kevolution, into sections, this di-mained till 1490, when he set out on greater in degree, but similar in origin, strict received the name of " the armed his travels in Germany, according to to that with which I have regarded a section of Moliere and La Fontaine." the custom of the time. In 1492, he collection of English portraits- Their bones were then dug up, and put went to Colmar to visit Schöngauer, Torn from their destined page-unworthy meed into chests, on which were inscribed, but saw only his brothers: the artist Of knightly counsel or heroic deed. "Moliere's chest"-" La Fontaine's probably being absent on a journey. and compelled to illustrate a Grainger, chest ;"-and these were deposited in a His death in 1528, " is said to have at the expence of many a volume de- subterraneous vault of St. Joseph's cha- been hastened by the inquietudes and faced and rendered imperfect. Far pel. When this chapel was demolished, vexations he endured from his wife." deeper is that sensation rooted, when these remains were removed to a build- Albert Durer, even in his lifetime, enwe consider that the stones accumulated ing contiguous; and on the conversion joyed the reputation of being the greatest around us have been torn from the of some parts of this building into a master of the German, school. Early graves which they were designed to guard-room, the chests were conveyed initiated into the secrets of Arts and mark out and to protect, and divided into one of the upper rooms. Some Sciences, he was at once a painter, an from all those associations arising from years afterwards they were transferred engraver, a sculptor, an architect, and the neighbourhood of the mighty dead." to the house of the municipality, and a mathematician. To his great talents This museum being now abolished, placed upon a bench where they re- as an artist he joined the most excelthe monuments which it contained are mained about twelve months, when they lent qualities of heart, and urbanity of to be erected, as they formerly were, in were removed to the museum. Coffins manners. A stranger to low jealousy, December 6, 1817.] Fine Arts. 159 he was ever the warm encomiast of the the Florentine school upon this shri- admission of his works; and, it is cermerits of others; and hence the praise velled stock; but the unnatural experi- tain, that Marc Antonio was commandto which he himself was so well entit- ment did not succeed; and it was not ed to omit from his copies that monoled, was bestowed on him by his con- till Rubens, in the Low Countries, had gram of Albert Durer's initials, which temporaries without grudging. He was set the example of an entirely new style marked the original author's real peron terms of intimacy with many of the of art, that the school of Germany be- formance. principal artists of the time, and among came wholly emancipated from the the rest, with the celebrated Raffaelle maxims which had so long impeded its Royal Academy.-In addition to Sanzio; with whom he made a frequent progress. But, although it may admit the many valuable casts lately presented interchange of prints and drawings, and of a question, whether or not, the ex- to the Royal Academy by the Prince who is reported to have always spoken ample and great reputation of Durer, Regent, His Royal Highness has very of his abilities in terms of high com- as a painter, were not productive of evil graciously used his influence with the mendation. The works of Albert Durer effects, fully equivalent to the good; Pope to obtain such others from the display great fertility of invention, and there can be no doubt that his numerous fine antiques in the different mupropriety and strength of expression: works of engraving merit our warmest seums and palaces of Rome, as have joined to a surprising degree of per- praise. To that intelligence of execu- been considered desirable specimens fection in all that relates to the mechanic tion, which may at all times be expect for the English school; of these the folof the art: But he wanted grace, and, ed in engravings performed by the lowing have just arrived :-A groupe unfortunately, neither his correspond-hand of an original designer, he united from the Villa Ludovise, variously named ence with Raffaelle, nor his visit to Ve- a clearness, a delicacy, and at the same Pyramus and Thisbe, Pœtus and Arria, nice and Bologna, appears to have had time a freedom of burin, which, even Hæmon and Antigone--another groupe any influence upon his taste of design. till now, have, perhaps, never been sur- from the same villa, called Papirius and The principles of art which he had ac- passed; insomuch that, independently his Mother, or Theseus and Ethra-and quired in his youth, were too firmly of that respect which the reputation, the Barberini Faun :-the latter is well established in his mind to admit of any joined to the antiquity of the artist, known as one of the finest fragments exradical change taking place in them in may lay claim to, his finest prints are tant of ancient sculpture. Several more future; and although, by his persever- still deservedly considered as master- are shortly expected; which, with their ing application, he acquired a more pieces of the art. This master's per-present extensive collection, and the competent knowledge of the human fi-formances, are not, generally speaking, casts they are procuring from the Elgin gure than had been possessed by his extremely rare. But Durer deserves Marbles, will render the antique school predecessors,-did much towards the consideration on another account. It is of the Royal Academy superior, perestablishment of the rules of perspec- evident, that his revenue depended on haps, to any on the continent. The Retive-was a vigorous colourist, and fi- the sale of his prints; and it is equally gent's munificence in this instance is no nished his pictures with the most asto- evident that surreptitious copies of them less patriotic than princely. The painnishing delicacy of pencil; yet his would infringe on that remuneration ting school, besides the Cartoon of the works are so far from having laid the which he, with every man, had a right death of Ananias from Hampton-court, foundation of a beneficial change in the to expect for his labours. We have al- and some valuable pictures from Dulstyle of the German School, that they ready seen that the Venetian govern- wich gallery, is enriched this year with may rather be said to have contributed, ment had prohibited the entry of fo- several very choice examples from the with powerful influence, to give force reign productions of art into that city, collections of Lord Grosvenor, Lord and permanence to the Gothic maxims because prejudicial to native artists; Egremont, Lord Ashburnham, Mr. Anof art already prevalent in it. His dra- and, therefore, it must have acknow- gerstein, and Mr. Watson Taylor. It peries are more abundant, in stiff, an- ledged in some manner, the right of is pleasing to see the liberality of the gular foldings, than those of Schöngauer property in graphical works. Durer's patron of this foundation so handsomely and some others who preceded him; prints certainly acquired considerable seconded by the noble and the wealthy and may well justify the common opi- popularity in Italy; and they entered, nion, that they were designed from though probably in small numbers, Vesmall figures, clothed in wet paper. His naked figures are perplexed by frequent minute inflexions of outline, which, in order perhaps to display his acquaintance with anatomy, he studied, from emaciated models, and often marked more strongly than they appear in nature. Thus a dry, and, at the same time, an affected manner of drawing, became more and more prevalent throughout Germany, which the artists of that country long, in vain, endeavoured to shake off. Some time afterwards, Hemskerch, Spranger, and Golzius made the attempt to ingraft the bold contour of nice itself; where Marc Antonio copied promoters of the arts. By a recent regulation, the library is open for the accommodation of the architectural students two evenings in the week; which will afford them no inconsiderable opportunties of acquiring professional information. In this, as in every other department, the students of the Royal Academy are now possessed of much greater advantages and more adequate means of education than at any former period. The productions of the chisel and the easel had assumed a more distinct importance in the war and concluding negociations, than they had ever done before; Rome and Greece alone affording even the shadow for a compa 160 Captain Golownin's Voyages and Captivity among the Japanese. VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. [December 6, 1817. and to make them experimentally acquainted with the kindness of the Russian government. Two ships, though badly armed, and sixty sol Captain Golownin's Voyage to Japan.diers, were thought sufficient for this enter it. Chwos rison. The noblest works of human genius attained their just rank as fit objects for the noblest emulation of the most powerful princes. A picture and The Russians, though neighbours to the em- prize, and two young naval officers, Chwostow a province, a statue and a state, were pire of Japan, by their possession of Kam- and Dawydow, who had previously distinguishweighed in the same balance; and it seem- schatka, and still more by the Curile islands, ed themselves by their zeal in the service of the ed to be thought that the chief glory of the dominion of which is shared by both em- company in several voyages to the northern the greatest countries would be, next pires, were long without opening official com- seas, were selected by Resanow to command munication with the Japanese government, the The difficulty of equipping an expedition after establishing a solid and lasting first idea of which seems to have occurred in in those sterile and almost desert regions, and tranquillity, justly to possess the finest 1792. A Japanese vessel had been wrecked the hesitation naturally produced in Resanow's specimens of the immortal arts. The ten years before on the Aleutian islands, and mind, by the delicate nature of his plan, un❤ splendid part taken by Great Britain in the Empress Catherine then formed the deter-known and unauthorized as it was by his gothe contest; her stupendous exertions for mination to send back the crew to their own vernment, occasioned some delays. tow alone proceeded in 1806 to Sachalin, where Spain, her liberal policy in Italy, her country, and to try at the same time if it were not possible to establish a commercial inter- he only in part fulfilled his instructions: and honourable impartiality in France, her course with Japan. This mission was given it was not till the following year that, assisted generous friendship towards Germany, out as a measure of the governor of Siberia a- by Dawydow, he was enabled to carry them all contributed to gain her golden opi-lone, that, in case of any insult, the honour into complete execution. During their ab nions. By grasping at nothing, she has of the throne might not be compromised. sence, Resanow died at Krasnojarsk. The proCapt. Laxmann, who was appointed to the ceedings of his agents, of which some account gained as much as she could desire. command of the expedition, proceeded to is given by Capt. Golownin, were worthy in Spain has enriched her with pictures, Schakodade, a port in the island ot Yesso, and every respect of the first conquerors of AmeriItaly with its hitherto jealously-preserved thence by land to Matsmai, the capital. Here ca; on all the Japanese coasts upon which their treasures, and the spoils collected in Pa- he was very coldly received. He was inform-crews could effect a landing, they plundered ris, restored by her justice to their law-ed, that the laws of the country condemned to perpetual imprisonment all foreigners who preful owners, have become, in many cases, sumed to land at any other place than Nangathe fair objects of purchase and acquisi- saki; that he should be pardoned, however, tion. Happily, too, at this epoch, her on account of his ignorance, but that thencesceptre is swayed by a prince aware of forward this excuse should be of no avail. He received thanks for having brought back the No explanation had yet taken place on the the value of the fine arts, himself distin- shipwrecked Japanese, but was farther told, subject of these outrages, which the Japanese guished for exqusite taste, and know-that he might land them in Japan or carry naturally conceived to have been committed ledge of their excelleney, and adding to them away to Russia, just as he pleased, be- by command of the Russian government, when the munificence worthy of a mighty cause the Japanese laws consider all men as Capt. Galownin, who was then at Kamschatsovereign, the skill and judgment of the belonging to the country to which chance ka, commanding the Diana cutter, received ortransports them, and where their lives have ders, in April 1811, to make a survey of the most accomplished connoisseur. Under been saved. As to the proposals relative to southern Curiles, that is, such of those islands such auspices, need we wonder at these commerce, the government could not listen to as belong to Japan. There was no time to be proceedings in the Royal Academy, it except at Nangasaki, and Laxmann was fur- lost. His ship, dispatched in 1807, from Kronwhich promise so much for the future nished with a passport, by which any Russian stadt for Kamschatka, had arrived there in ship might at a future time obtain admission 1809, The following year he had explored British School? there. For the rest, the utmost respect was the west coast of America, and his ship had paid to Laxmann and his crew. He highly ex-needed no repairs during this long and intertolled the politeness of the Japanese on his re-esting voyage, of which Capt. Golownin proturn to Russia, and Capt. Golownin supposes that nothing but the troubles which the French all Europe, prevented Catherine II from profiting by the passport given to Laxmann, and sending a negociator to Nangasaki. Mr. West's Picture of Death on the Pale Horse. This sublime subject is from the fine sketch by the venerable president, with which all the admirers of painting are familiar, from having seen it for many years in his gallery. When it is said that the grandeur and spirit of this composition is not only fully sustained in the great picture, but improved by the suggestions of severer study and more matured experience, the public is only prepared for what it will shortly witness, one of the most extraordinary and sublime works which this age or country has produced. The opening of the seals in the 6th chapter of Revelations, one of the most terrible mysteries in the Christian religion, seemed almost above the powers of art. But what Milton has achieved in verse, is not faintly followed by West on canvas; and at the age of eighty years he has, by this effort, it may be said, consummated his immortality. revolution soon afterwards excited throughout Be this as it may, it was not till 1803 that the Russians again thought of Japan. M. Resanow appeared there as ambassador, with the expedition commanded by Capt. Krusenstern. It is well known that all his attempts proved unsuccessful, the Dutch having spared no means of rendering them abortive-Exaspe rated at this failure, Resanow, who was one the villages and even the temples, set the houses on fire, carried off all the provisions, and, in order to secure a few of the inhabitants, caused the death of a much greater number, without reckoning those who perished by fa mine in the succeeding winters. mises a separate account. As she could scarcely be expected to weather another winter, it was necessary that he should take advantage of the summer for the survey with which he The was charged, as the trip, though short, nevertheless required the whole of the season. currents are in fact so violent in those seas, the fogs are so frequent at all times of the year, and the dangers incurred are so much augmented by the depth of the sea, where no bottom is found with 200 fathoms, at the distance of a league from the shore, that the ablest English and French navigators have been prevented from completely exploring them. Capt. Golowin therefore determined to set sail from the bay of Awatscha on the 4th of May 1811. of the principal members of the Russian Ame- December 6, 1817.] Captain Golownin's Voyages and Captivity among the Japanese.—Literature. and on his application, directed him to the port of Ourbisch, in the same island, as a fit place for procuring water and fresh provisions, and even gave him a letter of recommendation to the commandant. With this letter he sailed for Ourbisch, taking along with him Alexis Maximoff, a Russian Curile, as interpreter. This man was at Itouroup with a dozen of his country people, men, women, and children, but he varied so often on the causes that carried him thither, that it is superfluous to say any thing on the subject. ANTIQUITIES. 161 Mr. Britton's fourth number of Winchester Cathedral; containing two sheets of letterpress, and five engravings. ARCHITECTURE. and being about to retire with his suite, the go- tions; by the Right Hon. Sir John Sinclair, In this first vist, Capt. Golownin perceived the unfavourable impression which the expedition of the Company's ships had made upon the Japanese; he had reason also to doubt the sincerity of the Curiles: yet he had been re- In this manner Capt. Golownin and his ceived with such demonstrations of friendship, companions in misfortune fell into the power and the Japanese seemed so readily to believe of the Japanese.-Some may be disposed to that the Russian government had no hand in accuse him of imprudence-a reproach which Chwostow's expedition, that he resolved to he has not failed to urge against him. traffic with them, and to stop, not at Our-self, notwithstanding the liberality of his mobisch only, but at a port in the island of Kounaschir, which the Curile mentioned to him, and which was fortified. His object was to procure more conveniently a supply of provisions, and to examine the yet unknown channel which separates Kounaschir from the island of Matsmai, also denominated the land of Yessa. The winds prevented his reaching that channel till the 4th of July, and next day he entered the port indicated by Alexis. tives. On the other hand, the two officers An evil genius seems to have governed the proceedings of Capt. Golownin. The first de- The captivity of Capt. Golownin and his monstrations of the Japanese of Kounaschir companions in misfortune lasted upwards of were extremely hostile: the fort fired upon two years. They were made prisoners on the the cutter when she had come to an anchor, 11th July 1811, and not restored to liberty and upon her boat, when it was making for till the 7th October 1813. Of this captivity the shore. All his presents were refused-all the captain has published a highly interesting his overtures were rejected, and all kind of account. Though he has reserved for a secommunication prohibited. The captain then cond volume, which has not yet appeared, his found means to procure water and provisions methodical observations on Japan and the Jain some neighbouring bays where there were panese, still he could not help introducing inonly villages. Five days after his arrival (on to his narrative numerous remarks on the laws the 10th July) he had obtained a stock suffi- and manners, and many traits characteristic cient to enable him to cruize for two months, of the natives and the natural history of the and then return to Ochotzk: but now the con- country. The attention of the reader is conduct of the Japanese suddenly changed; they stantly kept alive by the details of all that he made advances in their turn, aud invited had at first to suffer, not so much from the Capt. Golownin to the fort. He at first de- cruelty as the mistrust of his guards; from the clined complying with their wishes, unless alternate fear and hope excited in him by the hostages were given; but they would not listen slightest change in the conduct of men to to such a condition; and the following day, whose laws and language he was a stranger; the desire of rendering a service to his coun- by every incident that intervened between the try, by restoring a good understanding between frequent interrogatories to which he was subit and the Japanese, induced him to put him-jected, and by the intelligence which from self in their power, unarmed and defenceless. time to time he received from his cutter. His Accordingly, on the 11th July he went on escape from the prison of Matsmai, though of shore with his pilot, Chlebnikow, Mr. Moor, no benefit to him, produces an interesting vafour sailors, and Alexis, the Curile, as an in- riety in his narrative, and a highly dramatic terpreter. At first all was compliments and episode is formed by the conduct of Mr. Moor, civilities: yet the captain could not help be- a young and hopeful officer, whose reason was ing somewhat surprized at the great number deranged by his misfortunes; who renounced of soldiers that appeared in such a miserable his country to become a Japanese, and who fort, and he was also staggered at the conver- could neither gain their confidence nor the sation of the governor, which seemed very hatred of the Russians by betraying the latter much like an examination, as all his answers in order to flatter his new masters. were taken down in writing. But it was too late to recede. He could do no other than accept the refreshments that were offered him, and appear to suspect nothing. The dissimulation of the Japanese lasted a considerable time; they had doubtless not taken all the precautions which they deemed necessary. At The Code of Agriculture: including observalength Capt. Golownin becoming impatient, tions on gardens, orchards, woods, and planta LITERATURE. NEW PUBLICATIONS. AGRICULTURE. Architectural and Antiquarian Guide to Norwich Cathedral; by James Britton, with four engravings. 18mo. 2s. 6d.-large, 5s. ARITHMETIC. A Concise System of Commercial Arithmetic, adapted to modern practice: with an Appendix, containing a series of queries on bills and merchants' accounts; by J. Morrison, accountant, master of the Mercantile Academy, Leeds. 12mo. 4s 6d. BIBLIOGRAPHY. A Catalogue of Books, new and old, in different departments of Literature; on sale by J. Noble, Boston. Parts I and II, 6d. each. BIOGRAPHY. A Biographical Peerage of the Empire of Great Britain: in which are Memoirs and Characters of the most celebrated Persons of each Family. 18mo. Vol. IV. A Biographical Peerage of Ireland; in which are Memoirs and Characters of the most celebrated Persons of each Family, and the Arms engraved on wood. 9s. CLASSICS. 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