FINE ARTS. Death on the Pale Horse. [January 3; 1818. nor can an ordinary sheriff's jury take the learned masters of the law, quære de ced by a few abrupt and rapid gleams cognizance, because the entry itself be- hoc. ing unlawful and against the consent of the affrighted owner, there is no holding over to complain of. The shortest and the only way is to exorcise or lay them Whether this sort of action has ever been tried in America I know not; but in England, it has been used time whereof the memory of man runneth not to the contrary. The process is to issue a summons to his worship, the parson of the parish, and another to the butler of the castle, who is required (by duces tecum) to bring him some of the best ale and provisions which he can find in his master's larder. The jury is composed of all whom curiosity or the love of good cheer can collect. After having sufficiently fortified themselves against the approach of the spirit, he is met and discomfited with ease by the parson in a Latin formulary :-a language that strikes the most audacious ghost with terror. What would be the effect of The picture of Death on the pale horse Greek, or wild Irish, or the American is in size 27 feet by 16. The subject, Choctaw, is not yet known. A ghost our readers must be aware, is taken from cannot be laid" for ninety-nine years, the opening of the first five seals in the renewable forever," but he may be for sixth chapter of the Revelation. It is, any term less than a century, and in we believe, more than twenty years any place or body, full or empty; as a since Mr. West made a sketch from this solid oak-the pommel of a sword, a subject. This sketch was at the time but of beer, if an alderman—a pipe of very generally admired, and the object Madeira, if a gentleman-he may be of many commendations from David, rolled up in parchment, if a lawyer, or and the other French artists in Paris, confined to the garret, if an author. where it was exhibited in the year 1802. But of all places the most common, and If our recollection of that sketch be corwhat a ghost least likes, is the Red rect, the picture before us differs very sea; it being related, in many instan- materially from it in composition, at ces, that ghosts have most earnestly be- least the artist, in his more mature consought the exorcists not to confine them ception, has extended his view of the "The next character on the canvas is in that place. It is nevertheless con- subject considerably, and embraced the rider on the white horse, who represidered as an indisputable fact, that more of the seals than he originally in-sents the gospel, going forth "conquerthere is an infinite number laid, perhaps tended, and also varied the character of ing and to conquer," who leads the from its being a safer prison than any some of his figures; we merely say this train to the glorious region, wherein is other, nearer at hand, though neither from a loose recollection of the sketch seen "the souls of them that were slain history nor tradition gives us any in- in Mr. West's private gallery, and for for the word of God, and for the testistance of ghosts escaping or returning the purpose of complimenting the artist mony which they held." The third of from this kind of transportation before on his second view of the subject, which the apocalyptical characters is the rider their time. Shakspeare had this sea in is by far the more suitable one. on the red horse, armed" with the great his mind's eye, when he made Prospero The general effect proposed to be ex- sword." He is advancing in the same talk about calling" spirits from the vas-cited by this picture, the artist tells us, direction as the gospel, or Messiah, ty deep, i. e. the Red sea. I have not is the terrible sublime, and its various thereby intimating, as the artist tells us, leisure to inquire whether this repug- modifications, until lost in the opposite that those wars which accompanied the nance arises from any old grudge beprogress of the Christian religion are a tween the Egyptians and the ghosts. part of the divine scheme for effectually The former may, perhaps, claim the diffusing it throughout the whole earth. privileges of pre-occupancy, and not be After these comes the rider on the black very civil to the new comers. This cirhorse, who bears the scales in which cumstance, and the length to which "mankind are weighed, and found these researches have been extended, wanting."-Despair and famine are seen induce me to conclude in the words of before him. In the foreground is a do of description, touching, as it were, with fire, the features and edges of a general mass of awful obscurity; but in painting, such indistinctness would be a defect, and imply that the artist wanted the power to pourtray the conceptions THE exhibition of Mr. President of his fancy. Mr. West was of opinion, West's picture of Death on the pale horse that, to delineate a physical form, which has commenced at his gallery in Pall in its moral impression would approxi Mall. This picture has been long ex-mate to that of the visionary death of pected by the public, and we venture to Milton, it was necessary to endow it, if anticipate for it-that which rarely oc- possible, with the appearance of supercurs after the mind has been nearly tir-human strength and energy: he has, ed out with long expectancy-the most therefore, exerted the utmost force and complete and unqualified approbation. perspicuity of his pencil on the central As Titian descended in the vale of years, figure. He has depicted the king of his perceptive powers yielded to the terrors with the physiognomy of the wreck of nature, and the spell of his dead in a charnel house, but animated colouring was gone, but our venerable almost to ignition with inextinguishable president has now crowned his 80th rage, placed on his head the kingly year with the composition and execu- crown, and clothed the length of his tion of a work which will do lasting ho- limbs with a spacious robe of funereal nour to his name and country. sable. His uplifted right hand holds no sceptre, but is entwined with the ser, pent, who first brought death into the world, and he launches his darts from both hands in all directions with a merciless impartiality. His horse rushes forward with the universal wildness of a tempestuous element, breathing livid pestilence, and rearing and trampling with the vehemence of unbridled fury. Behind him is seen an insidious demon, bearing the torch of discord, with a monstrous progeny of the reptile world— extremes of pity and horror. We can- "In poetry the same effect is produ "All prodigious things, January 3, 1818.] Fine Arts.-Natural Philosophy. 203 Obscure they went through dreary shades that led Along the waste dominions of the dead." Should this picture, or rather the style of it, meet general admiration, as we think it ought, we hope the public taste will at length turn round from the patronage of " trading subjects in art," and give that encouragement to works mestic groupe, in the formation and ar- for here it is not the apprehension of professional opinion upon some of the rangement of which the painter has at- danger that appals us, but the reality minor details of this picture. tempted (as he expresses it) to excite which stares us full in the face, and There is a melancholy peculiarity the strongest degree of pity, and to con- absorbs all our other faculties in the with the subject in the moment when trast the surrounding horrors with contemplation of the general ruin. We this picture happens to be exhibited. images of tenderness and beauty." The hardly know any thing in poetry more The sudden operation of death has been mother is represented as having expir-descriptive of such a scene than this terribly felt among us-and the crowd ed in the act of embracing her child-picture; it has all the fire of imagina- that has flocked to see the picture, ren, and the woe of sudden death is tion and severity of judgment which formed, in dress and manner, no unstill more emphatically expressed in the Virgil amassed in his invocation to the fit accompaniment to the subject of lovely infant that has fallen from her" subterraneous gods," and all the hor- which it was composed. We may say breast. The husband deprecates the rors which are to be found in Lord By- with the poetwrath of the hideous spectre (Death on ron's poem on " Darkness." There is the pale horse) that advances over them something terrific in the countenance of all, while the surviving daughter catches Death, as the artist has represented ithold of her mother, sensible only to the it is indescribably grand and awfulloss which she has sustained by the in the colouring of the pale horse there death of a parent. In the other groupes, is uncommon delicacy, and, if we may in the right division of the picture, the use the expression, character. It is not artist has shewn "the anarchy of the an ordinary paleness, but a transparent combats of men with the beasts of the bloodless hue-a waxed livid colour, earth." This portion of the picture re-finely characteristic of the swollen eye of high genius and standard excellence, and distended nostrils of the animal, which we are afraid they have not hiwho emits a pestilential breath. In therto received to the extent of their contrast of character it is impossible to merit. We have seen the strong origifind any thing finer than the severity of nal conceptions of Fuseli's pencil, and the principal figure, and the beauty and of Haydon's, overlooked in an exhibiSuch is a brief outline of the com- exquisite tenderness and expression of tion, (until, perhaps, latterly, when ponent parts of this extraordinary pic the domestic groupe which falls as vic- there was more of ostentation to see ture-we say extraordinary, for it is the tims before it. In contrast of colour them than desire to purchase them), first instance, we were inclined to say, in nothing can exceed that of the white when works of a very different descripthe history of the art, but most certain horse as compared with the pale one. tion were popular, and in demand “in ly in that of the arts of our country, in While the latter contains no tint but the market"—we say, "the market," which a work abounding with so much that which is calculated to aid in pro- for we hardly know a fitter term to apenthusiasm, and replete with so much ducing a terrific sensation; the former ply to the sort of sale which exists for of imagination and vivid feeling, was has a creamy richness, a fleshy vigour, works of art. A picture like this of executed by an individual who had more akin to that of nature and life. Mr. West's is calculated to effect a great greatly passed the period allotted to the Again, the contrast is striking and beau- purpose, and we hope its influence will life of man. tiful between the glowing and aerial be universally felt. 'presents, in conformity with the division of the subject, an atmosphere torn asunder by lightning. "The principle of destruction is exemplified through every part of the subject." NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. Plastic Clay near Reading, Berks with Observations on the Formation to which those beds belong; by the Rev. William Buckland. The first sensation we felt on enter-richness, on the one side, of the "souls ing the gallery where this picture is in the glorious region," and the witherplaced, was a complete exemplification ing and dreadful variety of mortality of what Mr. Burke calls "the passion which is exemplified in the stormy ele- Description of a series of Specimens from the caused by the sublime"-astonishment, ments, at the other side of the picture. that state of the soul in which all its mo- There may be faults in the execution tions are suspended with some degree of and handling of this great work; the horror. The figure of Death in this pic-lion and lioness in the "combats be- HAVING an opportunity to visit Readture at once unnerves the spectator; it tween beasts and men," may be thought ing in July 1814, I collected a series of is not a skeleton or bony fragment, but in their ferocity more to resemble the specimens. The pits whence they were a living body of desolating properties; creeping and vicious rage of the tiger, obtained are at the Catsgrove-hill brickthere is nothing left for calculation, in- than the bounding energy of the great kilns, distant about half a mile from the ference, or deduction. It has all the animal of the forest. But these, if they town of Reading, on the south-west, force of Milton's description of Satan, be really blemishes, are comparatively where the works have been carried on with the dignity of the passage trans-trifling and unimportant, when compar- for more than a century, and at this time formed into horror; we may say- ed with the general subject-which, as present the following section, beginning a whole, is grand and sublime in the from the lowest upwards. highest degree, and, we repeat, does honour to the venerable artist, and the country which he has made the sphere of his action. The strong feeling of this general excellence precludes us from attempting to submit our own un "He above the rest, In shape and gesture proudly eminent, Stood like a tower." But we cannot say- "In dim eclipse disastrous twilight sheds No. Section of Catsgrove Hill. Thickness in Feet. Chalk containing the usual extrane. ous fossils and black flints................unknown 2. Silicious sand mixed with granular particles of green earth, and con 201 taining both rolled and angular chalk-flints, oysters, and many small and nearly cylindrical teeth of fish from a line to an inch in length.... 8. Quartzose sand of a yellowish colour, with a few small green particles, and containing no pebbles or organic remains........ 4. Fullers' earth......... 5. White sand used for bricks............. It 10. Light ash-coloured clay, mixed with 5 4 7 4 14 Total 57 13. Alluvium composed of clay, sand, and gravel, the gravel chiefly consisting of chalk flints, both rolled and angular, with a few pebbles of quartz, and of brown compact sandstone. This alluvium is covered by vegetable mould..................... are filled with granular particles of the ground that lies between Newhaven sion above the chalk, older than the' In the cliff of the Castle-hill at New- tion nearest the chalk. No. Feet. 50 the latter covered with a ferruginous crust............................................................................ 1 3. 4. on its surface..................................................... bles, and varying in thickness generally Series of clay beds containing coaly matter, selenites and fibrous gypsum, also leaves of plants, and sulphur-coloured clay............. 5. Foliated blue clay containing cerithia, and cyclades, and a few oysters..... In this clay is a seam of iron pyrites about an inch thick with pyritical casts of cyclades and cerithia. oysters, with a few cyclades and cerithia........... Alluvium full of broken chalk-flints mixed with sand........ 20 10 5 10 116 A similar deposition of sand to that of 7. Reading, containing a breccia of chalk flints as its lowest stratum (about three feet thick) was noticed by the Honour- These insulated portions of strata of able H. G. Bennet and myself in July the plastic-clay formation that have been 1814, between Newhaven and Beachy-noticed at Seaford and Newhaven, and head, in the cliff at Chimting-castle, half other places at the south base of the a mile on the east side of Seaford. The chalk hills of the South Downs of Sussand here is fawn-coloured, passing into sex, appear to be outlying fragments at olive with flakes of mica almost a line in the eastern extremity of the great series diameter, and occasionally contains ir- of depositions above the chalk in the regular veins and masses of tubular con- south of England, which Mr. Webster cretions of iron-stone. Its greatest describes as extending from near DorThe oysters of No. 2 are remarkably thickness is under fifty feet. Mr. War-chester by the Trough of Pool and the perfect when first laid open, and seem burton informs me that he has seen New Forest to Portsmouth, Chichester, to have undergone no process of mine- similar concretions in the same stratum and the flat coast on the south-east of ralization; they soon fall to pieces by of sand at Sudbury in Suffolk, in imme- Arundel. Here they enter the English exposure to air and moisture. The diate contact above the chalk. Under Channel, and, just touching the coast chalk flints contained in it are many of this sand at Chimting the breccia of the with their outlying fragments at Newthem in the state of small rounded peb- lowest bed forms an ochreous pudding- haven and Chimting-castle, appear again bles; in others the angles are unbroken. stone composed of sand and chalk flints, on the opposite shores of France in the Both varieties are covered with a crust (the latter both rolled and angular), the same relative position. of greenish earth of the same nature whole being strongly united by a ferruViewing it on the great scale, then, with the green particles in the sand. ginous cement, and the flints covered we may consider this formation, which The angular flints appear to have been externally with a green coating like has been characterized by the title of derived from the partial destruction of those in the oyster bed at Reading plastic-clay, as composed of an indefithe bed of chalk immediately subjacent, Specimens of this breccia have been pre- nite number of sand, clay, and pebble of which the upper surface in contact sented to the society by the Hon. H. G. beds, irregularly alternating. Of these, with the sand is considerably decom- Bennet. At Chimting-castle there is the sand forms in England the most exposed to the depth of about a foot, and but a small insulated portion of these tensive deposition, in which the clay its fissures and numerous small tubular strata immediately incumbent on the and pebbles are interposed subordinatecavities (the latter derived apparently chalk. This chalk rises suddenly to a from the decay of organic substances) lofty cliff on the east side of the flatly and at irregular intervals. (To be continued.) January 3, 1818.] LITERATURE. WORKS IN THE PRESS. The Rev. DANIEL WILLIAMS will have ready for publication by the middle of December the Preceptor's Assistant, or School Examiner, containing a comprehensive view of the liberal and polite arts, the mechanic and useful arts, the fine arts, universal history, science and literature in general. He will also publish at the same time, a Practical and Scientific System of Arithmetic, adapted to the real occurrences of life and business, and interspersed with all the compendious methods used in commercial calculations. Literature-Works in the Press. exhibiting a general view of Mr. Hunter's Mr. Woodley, editor of the Cornwall Gazette, The manuscripts of the late Mr. Spence of In December will be published, in one large volume 12mo. the Juvenile Botanist's Com-in the course of next spring in a volume, conpanion, or Complete Guide to the Vegetable Kingdom, by Robert Thornton, M. D. Dr. J. Southwood Smith has in the press a carefully revised and considerably enlarged edition of Illustration of the Divine Government; tending to shew that every thing is under the directions of Infinite Wisdom and Goodness, and will terminate in the production "of universal purity and happiness. Remarks Moral, Practical, and Facetious, on various interesting subjects, selected from the writings of the late Wm. Hutton, Esq. of Birmingham, will appear in the middle of December. In a few days will be published Messrs. Hooker and Taylor's work on the Moses of Great Britain and Ireland, which will contain figures and descriptions of each species native of these islands, together with plates illustrative of the genera. Mr. W. B. Gurney is preparing for the press the Trials of Brandreth, Turner, Ludlam, and Weightman, for high-treason at Derby, from his short-hand notes. taining, besides the ingenious essay on Lo- Major Wyvil, late of the 3d royal veterans, Mr. Richard Hatt, author of "The Hermit," &c. proposes to publish by subscription Poems, in two volumes. Mrs. Rebecca Warner of Beech Cottage near Bath, has nearly ready for publication an Svo. volume of Original Letters from Richard Baxter, Matthew Prior, Lord Bolingbroke, Alexander Pope, Dr. Cheyne, Dr. Hartley, 'Mrs. M. Hartley, Prince Ameen, Rev. Wm. Gilpin, Dr. Samuel Johnson, Dr. Buchanan, &c. with biographical illustrations. 205 imperial 4to; and copies of his History of Salisbury and Norwich Cathedrals, each illustrated in like manner with proofs of the engravings, and the original drawings, are offered for sale, and may be inspected at Mr. Britton's, Tavistock Place. A new edition of Mr. Steven's Inquiry into the Abuses of the Chartered Schools in Ireland; with remarks on the education of the lower classes in that country, is in the press, and will be published in December. Early in February will be published, A Translation of Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered, by the Rev. J. H. Hunt, late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. FOREIGN PUBLICATIONS. The Chevalier Millan, the celebrated antiquary, who has been for 25 years past engaged in procuring drawings of all such engraved stones as are of interest to history, literature, or the arts, is about to commence the publication of them, in monthly numbers, under the title of Pierres gravées inédites tirées des plus célèbres Cabinets de l'Europe. Each number will contain ten plates in 8vo. engraved in the line manner by the ablest artists, and accompanied with descriptive letter-press. M. Gall has published a second volume of his work entitled Le Philologue, or Historical, Military, and Geographical Researches, more especially designed to illustrate Herodotus, Thucydi The 5th and 6th volumes of Count Dumas' Precis des Evenemens Militaires, or History of the Campaigns from 1799 to 1814, have just issued from the Press. The Rev. Richard Warner will speedily pu-des, and Xenophon. blish the first of three volumes with the title of Old Church of England Principles opposed to the New Light," in a series of plain doctrinal and practical Sermons from the first Speedily will be published, a Clerical Guide, | lesson of the morning service for every Sun- A Dictionnaire Historique, Topographique, et or Ecclesiastical Directory, containing a regis-day through the year: showing the connection | Militaire des Environs de Paris, has just made its ter of the prelates and other dignitaries of the between the Old and New Testaments, and appearance. It is a useful work, in which the church, an alphabetical list of benefices in explaining the histories, characters, types, and author has with great industry collected whatEngland and Wales, with a list of their in- prophecies of the former, by the events, per-ever is worthy of notice respecting the towns, cumbents, patrons, and other information con-sonages, realities, and fulfilments of the latter. villages, and places in the vicinity of the capital. nected with the subject. Unfortunately his head was still too full of the military events of 1814 and 15, so that he has not omitted one of the petty actions which oc curred near Paris; and he always takes good care to represent the allies as having the worst of it. He also paints, in the most glaring colours, the devastations consequent on the occupation of this district. Many of these devastations he attributes to the Prussians, and still more to the English, whose discipline he nevertheless extols. The former were, he says, affamés de vengeance, and had held out such promises before they entered the country, merely pour mieux nous tromper et nous vaincre. He seriously assures his readers, that Blücher lay hooted and spurred in Buonaparte's bed at St. Cloud, and made his dogs sleep on an ottoman by his side. He farther declares, that he himself afterwards went to see this apartment, in every part of which he found traces de la barba, rie et de la vengeance! The Perambulation of Oxford and its vicinity, with views of every college and public building in the university and city, and views of Blenheim, Nuneham, Iffley, &c. is in the press. Mr. Jones, optician, is about to publish the late Mr. Ferguson's Astronomical Planisphere of the Heavens, and likewise his Astronomical Rotula, with the Calculations continued by the Early next year will be published in parts, about forty views of Pompeii, engraved in mezzotinto, in imitation of the original draw-Rev. L. Evans. ings taken on the spot in the present year by George Townly, Esq. Mr. R. Priest will shortly publish by subscription, the Midshipman, or an Appeal to Sympathy, with other pieces in verse. In December will appear the tenth number of Mr. Pyne's Historical and Biographical Annals of the British Royal Palaces, with graphic representations of the state apartments from original drawings by the most eminent artists. A novel, with the title of the Batchelor and the Married Man, in 3 vols. is in the press. On the 1st of January will be published the first number of a new monthly miscellany, entitled Arlis's Pocket Magazine of Classical and Polte Literature, or Gems of Genius. Mr. Abernethy has nearly ready for publication in an 8vo. volume, Physiological Lectures, Dr. Armstrong of Sunderland has in the press a work on Scarlet Fever, Measles, Consumption, &c. His volume on Typhus Fever is also reprinting with considerable additions. Mr. Britton is preparing for publication as the fifth volume of his Architectural Antiquities, a Chronological Illustration of the Ancient Architecture of Great Britain, containing a series of eighty engravings. It will form ten numbers, the first of which will appear next spring. Mr. Britton also announces that the long promised third volume of his Beauties of Wiltshire, will be published early next year. A large paper copy of Britton's Architectural Antiquities, with proofs of the plates, and all the original drawings, 260 in number, by the most celebrated artists, bound in 8 vols. Mons. N. L. Lemercier, professor of the Athenæum of Paris, has published the first volume of a Cours Analytique de Literature Generale. It will be succeeded by three other volumes, which are to appear before the end of the present year. The Abbate Angelo Mai, whose recent discoveries among the Codices rescripti in the Ambrosian library at Milan, has been much no ticed, has now added to the number the M 206 Literature. [January 3, 1818. "Si Cain a tué son frère Gothic translation of the thirteen proto-canoni- | dopted very free notions on religious subjects, | derable portion which he procured for the cal Epistles of St. Paul, made in the fourth and it considers them as guides who, though grand-daughter of Corneille?" &c. &c. Becentury, by Bishop Ulphilas, the loss of which they have occasionally mistaken the way, have sides these pieces a long satirical song is in cirhas been hitherto a subject of regret. It fills nevertheless thrown light upon much that was culation in which all the calamities that have two volumnious manuscripts, and is covered previously in darkness, and at the same time ever happened are attributed to the two obby Latin writing of a later period. We know are models of a perfect style. The clergy were noxious writers. The following stanza may from the unanimous testimony of the ancient the more piqued at the announcement of the serve for a specimen.— historians that Ulphilas (who was called the new editions of their works, as it was accomMoses of his time), translated the whole Bible, panied in some of the journals with high comexcept perhaps the two books of Kings. The mendations. They imagined therefore that it whole of this work was lost, till at length in was high time to oppose the diffusion of dan1665 the Codex argenteus of Upsal, containing gerous principles, and to exert for this purpose a considerable part of the four Evangelists, was the utmost influence of their office. The vi- This refrain: C'est la faute de Voltaire-C'est published by Francis Junius.-The learned cars-general who, for want of an archbishop, | bien la faute de Rousseau-is repeated in every Francis Knittel, upon examining a Codex pa- still preside over the metropolitan see, there- stanza. The spirit of party has also taken adlimpsestus, in the library of Wolfenbüttel, fore levelled the Lent mandement of this year vantage of this refrain to introduce some stanfound upon eight of the pages, several verses entirely against the philosophers (as they are zas against the government. In the Censcur of the translation of the Epistle to the Ro-styled) of the 18th century, whose pernicious Européen, a periodical work written with great mans, by Ulphilas. These fragments he pub- doctrines undermined the throne and the altar, boldness, which was suspended in 1815, but lished in 1762. The MSS. now discovered by and produced the most dreadful of all revolu- has just been resumed, the whole mandement is M. Mai are much more extensive, and appear tions. The editors and publishers of those inserted as an historical document, and an ilto have been written between the 5th and 6th works were represented as seducers of youth, lustration of the sentiments of the French century. What is wanting of the Epistles in and the whole undertaking as a fresh attempt clergy. The government has probably perone of the MSS. is contained in the other; to overturn the government, religion and mo-ceived that it would be impolitic to act in opeight of the Epistles are entire in both, so as to rals. A century ago, when the French clergy position to the public opinion, and has thereafford the advantage of comparison. The cha- still possessed all their consequence, such a fore taken no other steps in support of the racters are large and handsome. The titles mandement would have had a powerful effect: clergy than to command the newspapers to of the Epistles are at the head of the MSS. and at a later period these pastoral addresses were make no mention of the affair. Now, nothing there are marginal references in the same lan- rudely attacked, as is sufficiently proved by is more difficult to Parisian journalists than to guage. Of this discovery M. Mai designs to Rousseau's letter to Christophe de Beaumont, abstain from taking part in a matter which has publish an extensive specimen in a preliminary archbishop of Paris; but now it is all over become the topic of general conversation. They dissertation. A gentlemen of Milan, equally with that influence which a solemn address of have therefore found means to express their distinguished by erudition and liberality, has the superior clergy ought always to have, and sentiments on the subject in an indirect manhad a complete fount of Ulphilanian types, of it is melancholy to observe that this mande-ner. Thus a newspaper which defends the andifferent sizes, cast by an able founder, both ment, by which they probably hoped to recover cient principles has launched out into animadfor the text and notes. Besides these two their proper consequence, has done them ex-versions on Rousseau and Voltaire generally, MSS. M. Mai has collected twenty more pages treme injury. No sooner was the mandement but quite in the spirit of the mandement. Anin the Moso Gothic language, extracted from in circulation than Desoër, the bookseller, who other which espouses the modern principles several other Codices palimpsesti, in the same publishes the new edition of Voltaire's works, tell us ironically that a number of unphilosophilibrary. In these pages are found those parts printed an answer to it, and at the same time cal persons in France are about to found an of the Gospels by Ulphilas, which are wanting a parody of the mandement appeared with the Anti-Voltairian Society, each member of which in the mutilated edition of the Codex argenteus, title of:-Instructions of his Infallibility the is to engage to contribute as much as possible together with great part of the homilies or Grand Mufti of Constantinople to the Faithful in to the extermination of all the copies of Volcommentaries, and what is still more interest-regard to the approaching Ramahdan. The news-taire's works from the face of the earth; that ing, fragments of the books of Esdras and Ne-papers were very wisely enjoined to take no they therefore intend to establish a kind of inhemiah-a discovery of the more importance notice of either of these tracts; they neverthe-quisition, with four chief inquisitors, &c. The as not the smallest portion of Ulphilas's version less had a rapid sale, and the mandement itself number of the subscribers to the new editions of the Old Testament was hitherto known to could scarcely have found more readers than exist. To accompany this considerable part of the two pamphlets in which it is so severely the labours of the Gothic prelate, M. Mai is attacked. Of the latter need be said nothing, as preparing a new Moso-Gothic Lexicon, which it is a mere burlesque ; but the former contains will prodigiously increase the number of words much truth, and plainly shows what people of that language, and prove a most valuable think at present of religion in France. In Depresent to the philologists of all those nations soër's tract the clergy are thus addressed.— whose languages are of German origin. "Ye reproach Voltaire and Rousseau with being the authors of the French Revolution. The clergy are unfortunately losing all re- Have you then forgotten that your refusal to spect in France, not through their own fault, part with any portion of your superabundance, but on account of the revolution which has and thus contribute to lighten the oppressive taken place in the public opinion. Of this burdens of the people, was the primary cause they have just received a very mortifying of division and commotion in the state? Ye proof. The Paris booksellers had announced accuse Voltaire and Rousseau of having procheap editions of the complete works of Vol- moted the Revolution; but know ye not how taire and Rousseau. Now it is not to be de- many absurd prejudices they destroyed? Ye nied that in their writings those two celebrated ask where are the works of christian charity | men have gone too great lengths, and that the of those philosophers, where their beneficent christian doctrines have been exceedingly en- foundations, their hospitals, their schools?' dangered by them. It is, however, equally Rousseau indeed could not found any, because true, that they both rank as the first writers of he was poor; but how can ye ask what good France, that their works are become classical, Voltaire has done? What! Are ye deterand that it would be folly to think of exclud- mined to banish from your recollection the ing them from the number of the favourite au-zeal and energy with which he espoused the thors of the French nation, and especially of cause of the vassals of St. Claude, his noble dethe well educated portion of it. Under the au- fence of the family of Calas, the flourishing spices of these two writers the nation has a-village which he erected at Ferney, the consi of Voltaire's and Rousseau's works, which have occasioned all this dispute, are said to have considerably increased since the publication of the mandement. Such has been the disposition of men ever since the time of the forbidden fruit in Paradise. The grand work on Egypt, of which the first two parts appeared under Napoleon in Paris, will soon, it seems, be completed; the French minister of the interior having exerted himself to that effect. Kotzebue has published in German, "The Letters of Madame Bertrand written from St. Helena, and addressed to a friend in France; translated from the French." The work is said, in the Bibliographie de la France, to be a fabrication. The French journalists pronounce the following work, just published at Paris, to be highly interesting; it is entitled, "the History of Joan of Arc, the Maid of Orleans," &c. from original documents; and consists of four vo lumes, 8vo. The Norwegian government seems actively engaged in promoting the study of knowledge. It has lately bestowed on the library of the |