6. That, in other words, if the labourers in agriculture be suffered to increase, or even to exist in their present numbers, and be suffered to have wages sufficient to give them bread and meat, and good clothing, they will take so much money, that there will not be enough left to pay rents, tithes, and taxes, to support the high classes as they are now supported. 7. That, if these classes be not thus supported, the tradesmen in great and fashionable towns will be ruined; and that the journeymen will also suffer greatly. You will ask what are the means that Peter proposes to make use of, in order to effect his purposes; that is to say, in order to make the labourers live upon bad pig-meat, to quit the country, or to cease to breed at such an intolerable rate as they do now? Why! with regard to the first, and also with regard to the second, SQUIRE THIMBLE does, in fact, give the thing up as hopeless. But, with regard to the breeding affair, PETER has written an "INSTRUCTIVE TREATISE," in which he lays down all the rules, in the most elaborate manner, and upon medical and surgical principles. Here, however, his public spirit S. That, therefore, something must be has to contend against "a want of eduadopted by the Government to ac- cation," a thing which is deeply lacomplish one of three things:mented by the whole tribe of Scotch FIRST, to compel the agricultural philosophers. With the prostitutes and labourers to live upon potatoes, pickpockets and robbers, whether in sea-weed, nettle-tops, and other high or low life; with these Peter and herbage, such as is not good his disciples find it very pleasant work; enough to keep a pig in good care; but, alas! these are the poor breeders; SECOND, to send a large part of the so that here is very little effect proagricultural labourers out of the duced. It is in the country where the country; THIRD, to prevent the breeders are; and here" there is a country women from having chil-want of education;" so that here the dren, except now and then, as they beautiful doctrine of non-breeding is may be wanted. wholly thrown away. 9. That, unless one of these three be adopted and enforced, the "educated classes" will be wholly destroyed, and the kingly government must and will be overthrown. Now, let me beg of you not to laugh at this; not to set up a "ha! ha! And let me beg that no long-faced Yankee will give his jaws a twist, and exclaim" pawssible! as much as to say, that is an English lie. I most seriously assure you that it is true; and if I were in London, I would send you PETER'S book, in which he maintains these propositions; and my belief is, that if anybody were to contradict him to his face upon the subject, he would either roast them with his goose, or stab them with his bodkin. "But," you will exclaim, "is it possible that this man is "the planet around which the Ministers "roll?" He is, I tell you: and if I were to send up a petition to any one of them to present, they would consult PETER before they would present it. In order to get over this difficulty, the Government have appointed a board of commissioners, for the purpose of affording advice and facility to working people, willing to go out of the country, at the head of which board is, I believe, the eldest son of our Prime Minister. The board confined itself, at first, to invitations to the male sex; but having been reminded by me, that sportsmen, in order to keep up a great breed of pheasants, always make a point of preserving the hens, they have now issued an invitation for unmarried women to go out of the country; and here they will find thousands ready to go; but not a single breeder amongst all the thousands! So that PETER THIMBLE's projects will certainly all be defeated: and the only effect that they have produced, or that they will produce, is that of exciting well-merited ridicule and contempt. Perhaps it is the first time in the history of the world, that a government has existed and gone on, with the whole nation, labourers and all, laughing at its projects. : MY PETITION ABOUT EMIGRATION. PETER THIMBLE is right enough, indeed, with regard to the effects of the In the last Register was my petition, labouring people getting proper wages. relative to the scarcity of labourers in It must lessen rents, tithes, and taxes; it Lincolnshire and in the East Riding of must drive tradesmen out of great and Yorkshire; and praying that no more expensive towns; it must produce dis-public money might be expended on any tress among hundreds of thousands of of the Scotch projects for getting the journeymen and servants: it is pro-labourers of England out of the country. ducing all these effects now. Every one My London papers did not meet me indirectly dependent upon the taxes feels either at Sheffield or at Nottingham; so the effects of this augmentation of the that I have not yet read an account of ploughman's meal. If the change were what took place at the presenting of my more sudden, the distress in these de-petition, which was sent from Nottingvouring classes would be much greater ham on Monday, the 12th instant, and than it now is. The big farmers and which was, it would seem, presented the their families feel greatly the effect in very next day; and, let me take this this change of the situation of the la- opportunity of observing, that Mr. Albourers. A two or three hundred pounds derman Wood did his duty upon this is a good deal, as the yearly profits of occasion, with a promptitude such as I a farm a large part of these is now have seldom witnessed in a similar case taken away by the labourers: a larger in any other Member of Parliament. I part will be taken away this year than have long been acquainted with the Althere was taken away last year: a still derman; but, upon this occasion, I did larger part will be taken away the year not make use of that acquaintanceship after; and thus it will go on, till it will for the purpose of having the petition answer the purpose of no man to presented; but merely said to him in be the holder of five or six farms; these very words :-" Sir, as one of in short the thing had gone on, till it your constituents, I enclose you a became a question, whether the labour-"petition, which I beg you to have the ers of England would or would not live" goodness to present to the House as upon potatoes, and occasionally die by soon as possible. I am, Sir, your scores from starvation. This became a "most humble and obedient servant, question; and this question having been" Wm. Cobbett." I expected it to be settled in the negative, some one or presented very soon; but I was surmore of the other great heads of ex- prised, on arriving at Birmingham on penditure must give way. We are now Wednesday the 14th, at learning from in a struggle for preserving the whole: THE SUN newspaper, that the petition the Government seems to have no no- had been presented. There was no tion of giving way. God send, that they report of what took place in Parliament. may be convinced, in time, of the utter But I have been told that PEEL'S-BILLimpossibility of upholding the whole PEEL (that sprightly gentleman) made system, and that, by yielding to that an awkward attempt to be sarcastic, which common sense and necessity dic-in which I am told he has since been tate, they may preserve the country in joined in a publication by the hulky, peace, restore to it its liberties and its empty-headed fool-Liar, who, not conprosperity, and make it worthy of you and all your family coming back to it, and ending your days in it: and thus I conclude this long and rambling, though, to you, I trust, not uninteresting letter. I am always your most obliged And faithful friend and servant, WM. COBBETT. 66 tent with a former exhibition of his cowardice, is now anxious to perform over again his cryings for mercy! But Mr. HUME, I am told, observed, upon this petition, that I was mistaken with regard to the expense of the board of Commissioners and their proceedings; for that that commission and its pro MY PREDICTIONS AGAIN. (From the same.) Derby and Sussex, and yet we have never heard that any inconvenience had WEST-END TRADES-PEOPLE.We re- been found in either of these counties gret to hear that the tradesmen of the from the want of clergymen. The county nobility in London complain very much of Derby has a population of 237,170, of dulness of trade, and that several in and there are 79 magistrates, or one to situations where the rents are high have every 3,002 souls. The county of Sussex signified their intention of throwing up has a population of 272,328, and 189 their leases and quitting the country, magistrates, or one to every 1,441 souls. unless a great reduction be agreed to by We presume that in both counties there the landlords. The person from whom are enough of justices. The county of we have this information has been ena- Bucks has a population of 146,529, and bled to ascertain the comparative re- 144 magistrates, of whom fifty-four (or ceipts of 1828 and 1829, with those of nearly one-half) are clergymen; and 1830 and 1831, of more than fifteen of there is thus in the proportion of one the leading tradesmen in Bond-street, magistrate to every 1,000 souls! The Regent-street, and Oxford-street; and, zeal manifested in favour of the antiaccording to his account, there is a fall-reform candidate at the late general ing off in the latter two years of more election in Bucks may be thus accounted than one-third. This is attributed, for. In Cornwall, Herefordshire, Linpartly to the prolonged discussion of the Reform Bill, and partly to the absence of some of the first families, who have taken up their residence in cheaper spots than the metropolis. It appears, indeed, that the scarcity of money, the difficulty of collecting it, even when persons have it to pay, and the retrench-examination of the list; and it may be ment of the upper classes, were never so great. As a proof of the two latter, it is mentioned to us, that many of the nobility have paid only half of the amount due for boxes at the Opera for more than two years, and that those who do pay, among whom is the first lady in the realm, insist upon a discount of five per cent.-Court Journal. PARSON-JUSTICES. (From the Morning Chronicle.) A RETURN has lately been laid before Parliament (P. P. No. 39) of the Justices of the Peace who have qualified to act in the several counties in England and Wales, by which it appears that there are 5,371 justices qualified, of which number, 1,354 are clergymen, and 4,017 are laymen. The perusal of this abstract, which we annex, will, we are confident, lead to some curious, and perhaps serious reflections, which we may hereafter more particularly notice; at present we would only observe, that there is not one clergyman in the counties of coln, Norfolk, Somerset, Brecon, Denbigh, Glamorgan, and other counties, it will be seen that ONE-HALF of the justices of the peace are clergymen; and we think some practical conclusions may be come to regarding the state of these counties as to crime, from an curious to notice the connexion between the clerical magistrates and anti-reform Lord Lieutenants. The attention of his Majesty's Ministers to this connexion may not be without its use, if they contemplate a reform in the magistracy; or if they DO NOT, for those that shall come after them. It will be curious to hear what excuse there can be in Norfolk, for instance, for having seventyeight clergymen, when that county is so thickly studded with resident gentry and men of character and fortune to do the duties of the magistracy. We notice Hereford county, with a population of 110,976, and 155 justices, of whom 58 are clergymen, i. e. there is one magistrate for every 718 souls in the county. This looks cathedral-like-part of the church-staff-and can any man say that such a number of magistrates in an agricultural county can be requisite ? Whilst in Yorkshire, with a population of 1,371,296, and a large proportion of their manufacturers, there are only 414 magistrates, or one to every 3,312 souls. Will any man consider these inequalities, PARSON-JUSTICES. and not say that the appointments to the 804 the table, and we trust that each will list. LIST OF MAGISTRATES OR JUSTICES OF THE PEACE IN EACH York-East, West, & Anglesea. Brecon Cardigan Carmarthen Carnarvon Denbigh Flint Glamorgan Merioneth Montgomery Pembroke 1354 4017 5371 ceedings were attended WITH NO EX-| barren north; and, therefore, upon PENSE TO THE PUBLIC. Mr. HUME these projects the Government may ought to have hesitated before he made squander. Mr. HUME may do what a positive assertion like this, tending to he pleases, but the projects shall not throw discredit upon the whole of a succeed! petition of so much interest to the coun- But there was another part of the try. As to the fact, it is Mr. HUME who petition, on which, as far as I can learn, is in error and not I. I am aware that Mr. HUME said nothing; namely, my the persons emigrating are to pay for complaint, that while all these projects their own passage; but I am also aware were on foot, for getting rid of the that the public furnishes the ships and English working people, millions have, everything necessary for the voyage, as I believe, been uselessly expended in and I never yet knew any such under-the barren Islands of Scotland, for the taking on the part of the Government express and avowed purpose OF PREin which the public were not a loser. VENTING THE SCOTCH FROM Besides, supposing the commissioners EMIGRATING! Was not this good to have no salaries, have not the pub-ground of complaint for an Englishman lic to pay for the clerks and who has paid a part of those millions? messengers and for the postage of Let Mr. HUME move for an account of letters innumerable? Mr. HUME may the sums expended by the commisperhaps find it difficult to fish out these sioners for the carrying on of that affair; items of charge in the navy, the ordon- and I will bet Mr. Hume a hundred nance, and the colonial estimates: but real sovereigns against a hundred Mr. HUME has at times complained pounds of Greek bonds, that is bitterly of the expenses of PRINTING; about a thousand to one, that the and, before he so positively contradicted bare printing and the plans, relating a fact stated in my petition, he ought to the Highland job; that these to have ascertained, that the immense papers alone, have cost the English mass of printing caused to be done by nation more than the amount of three this board of commissioners was not years' poor-rates for the county of Suspaid for by the public. I say that it sex. has been and is paid for by the public; and upon this alone I had a right to pray, as I did, that the labourers of England might no longer be taxed for this at once insane and most mischiev ous purpose. The truth is, that Mr. Hume is pretty sharply bitten with the philosophy of PETER THIMBLE, and the rest of those whose selfish insincerity, or whose folly, induces them to ascribe the suffering of the working people to a "surplus population;" and Mr. HUME has no objection to the squandering of a little of our money for the purpose of indulging himself in the furtherance of projects founded on this stupid whim. He is very scrupulous in totting up the items of expenditure on other matters; but here he will allow the Government to squander as much as they please.. Their projects, if they could carry them into execution, would drive away Englishmen to make room for swarins in the Let Mr. HUME move for an account of this expenditure, that we may see how much the people of England have been robbed of by the means of this unparalleled job. Twenty-nine years ago I complained in my Register of this monstrous job. I have not the Register here, or I would look out the passage. I remember to have besought the late Mr. WINDHAM to protest against this rascally affair; and I pointed out to him that we were actually adding to the national debt (for loans were making at the time), in order to send English money into Scotland, for the purpose of causing people to be kept and bred upon mountains and heaths incapable of producing them food. Now nothing can be more easy than for Mr. HUME to move for the Act of Parliament to be read, warranting the Highland project, then to move for an account of all the sums expended in virtue of that Act of Parliament! stating the several years during which the |