281. Where a stone monument is established the letters, figures, and grooves will be cut on the exposed faces or sides of the stone, but not on its top or end; the notches will be cut upon the exposed vertical edges. Grooves are employed where the faces of a stone are oriented to the cardinal directions, and notches where the vertical edges are turned to the cardinal points. All marks will be made from 1 to 1 inches in size, and will be plainly and permanently chiseled into the stone.

282. Standard township corners (oriented with the faces to the cardinal directions) are to be marked "S C" on the north face, with the township on the same face, and the ranges on the adjoining faces; as for example:

SC 25 N on N.,

283. Closing township corners (oriented with the faces to the cardinal directions) are to be marked "C C" and with six (or fewer) grooves on the face from which the closing line approaches the monument-the grooves to indicate the normal number of miles (or fractional parts) from the monument to the adjoining township

corner-with the township (or range) on the same face, and the ranges (or townships) on the adjoining faces; also the initials or abbreviation of the State, reservation, grant or private claim, on the face toward such irregular tract as may be closed upon; as for example:

20 N on N.,

C C 120 W and 5 grooves (on line between sections 5 and 32) on E.,

284. Corners common to four townships (oriented with the edges to the cardinal points) are to be marked with the townships on the northeast and southwest faces, and the ranges on the southeast and northwest faces; as for example:

285. Corners common to two townships only (oriented with the faces to the cardinal directions) are to be marked with the township (or range) common to both on the face toward the townships, and the ranges (or townships) on the adjoining faces; as for example:

286. Corners referring to one township only (oriented with the edges to the cardinal points) are to be marked with the township and range on the face toward the particular township; as for example:

23 N 7 W on NW. face.

287. Standard section corners (oriented with the faces to the cardinal directions) are to be marked "S C" on the north face, and with from one to five grooves on the east and west faces, the grooves

to indicate, respectively, the number of miles from the monument to the adjoining (regular) township corner; as for example:

S C on N.,

1 groove on E., and

5 grooves on W. face (standard corner of sec

tions 35 and 36).

288. Closing section corners (oriented with the faces to the cardinal directions) are to be marked "CC" and with from one to six grooves on the face from which the closing line approaches the monument, and from one to five grooves on each of the adjoining faces-the grooves to indicate the number of miles (or fractional parts) from the monument to each of the three (regular) township boundary lines in the same directions, respectively-also the initials or abbreviation of the State, reservation, grant or private claim, on the face toward such irregular tract as may be closed upon; as for example:

2 grooves on E.,

" S.,

and

"W. face (on line between sections 2 and 3 closing

on a standard par

allel).

289. Corners common to four sections (oriented with the edges to the cardinal points) are to be marked (a) on an exterior, with from one to five notches each on two opposite edges, north and south on a meridional line, and east and west on a latitudinal line, each to indicate, respectively, the number of miles from the monument to the adjoining (regular) township corner; and (b) a subdivisional corner, with from one to five notches on the east and south edges, each to indicate, respectively, the number of miles from the monument to the (regular) east and south township boundary lines; the subdivisional section corners of a fractional township will be marked with reference to the theoretical position of normal east and south boundaries, whether surveyed or not; as for example:

2 notches on N. and 4 notches on S. edge (for corner of sections 7, 12, 13 and 18 on a range line).

2 notches on E. and 4 notches on W. edge (for corner of sections 2, 3, 34 and 35 on a township line).

2 notches on E. and 4 notches on S. edge (for corner of sections 10, 11, 14 and 15 of a subdivisional survey).

290. Section corners common to two sections only (oriented with the edges to the cardinal points) are to be marked with the sections on the faces toward the particular sections to which the corner belongs; as for example:

S 13 on SW., and

S 12" NW. face (for corner of sections 12 and 13 on the east boundary of a township).

S 11 on NE., and

S 10 NW. face (for corner of sections 10 and 11 of a subdivisional survey running north from the monument).

291. Section corners referring to one section only (oriented with the edges to the cardinal points) are to be marked with the section on the face toward the particular section which is concerned; as for example:

S 17 on NW. face (for southeast corner of section 17).

292. Standard quarter-section corners (oriented with the faces to the cardinal directions) are to be marked "SC" on the north face. 293. Quarter-section corners of maximum control (oriented with the faces to the cardinal directions) are to be marked (a) on a meridional line, "1" on the west face; and (b) on a latitudinal line, "" on the north face.

294. Quarter-section corners of minimum control (oriented with the faces to the cardinal directions) are to be marked "1" and the section, all on the face toward the particular section which is concerned; as for example:

S4 on S. face (for quarter-section corner on the north boundary

of section 4).

295. Meander corners (oriented with the faces to the cardinal directions) are to be marked "M C" on the face toward the meanderable body of water, and with from one to six grooves on each of the other faces, each to indicate the number of miles (or fractional parts) from the monument to the (regular) township boundary line in the same direction, respectively; as for example:

6

4

6

W. face (for meander corner of fractional sections 13 and 18, on the south side of a meanderable body of water).

296. Special and auxiliary meander corners (oriented with the faces to the cardinal directions) are to be marked "S M C" or "A M C," as the case may be, on the face toward the meanderable body of water, and the section on the opposite face; as for example:

S M C on N., and

S 19

"S. face (for special meander corner on a meridional subdivision-of-section line in section 19, on the south side of a meanderable body of water).

S 20 on E., and

AMC" W. face (for auxiliary meander corner in section 20, on the east side of a meanderable body of water).

MARKS ON TREE MONUMENTS.

297. Where the true point for a corner is found to fall in the position occupied by a sound living tree, which is too large to be removed, the tree will be made the monument. A tree will be removed if it is too small to be marked, and a witness corner will be established in preference to marking an unsound tree, if the latter can not be removed.

298. The species of the tree and its diameter, breast height, will be noted, where a tree is to be made a monument, and the appropriate marks will be made upon the trunk of the tree immediately above the root crown. A series of marks to be made upon a particular side of a tree will be scribed in a vertical line reading downward. 299. In the case of certain trees, including the aspen, beech and locust (smooth, thin and permanently barked from sapling to maturity), the marks may be made preferably by scribing well into the bark and cambium (or live wood tissue) without blazing; the marks thus made will remain and be visible as long as the tree is sound; on the other hand, in the case of practically all rough barked trees, the marks should be scribed into a smooth, narrow, vertical blaze, specially prepared by removing just enough of the outer growth to expose a flat surface of the live wood tissue immediately underneath the bark; the marks thus made will remain as long as the tree is sound, but the blaze and marks will be covered by a gradual overgrowth, showing an outward scar for many years. In regions subject to heavy snowfall it is desirable to make a small additional blaze at a height of 6 or 8 feet above the ground, which will serve to attract attention to the tree during the winter season. The ends