apolis high schools. The job-sheet method supplemented with demonstrations and class supervision is the best method to use in teaching the operation of office appliances. The time required to learn the operation of the different appliances depends to a great extent on the ability of the pupil.

3894. White, J. E. What commercial curriculum of Pomeroy high school will best fit the needs of the business community of Pomeroy, Ohio? Master's, 1930. New York.

A study was made of business firms in Pomeroy, Ohio, and Pomeroy High School graduates for the last five years.

3895. Woina, Jennie Marie. Survey of functions and organization of commercial clubs in high schools of New Jersey. Master's, 1931. Rutgers.

3896. Woodring, Maxie Nave and Harold, Gilbert. Enriched teaching of commercial subjects in the high school. A source book for teachers of bookkeeping, shorthand, typewriting, commercial geography, and other commercial subjects, listing chiefly free and low-cost illustrative and supplementary materials. New York City, Teachers college, Columbia university, 1930. 339 p. (Enriched teaching series, no. 4.)

3897. Worley, Raymond J. Relative value of the IQ and marks for predicting success in shorthand. Master's, 1931. Harvard. 170 p.

3898. Wunsch, Lillian C. A typewriting investigation. Master's, 1931. Temple.

See also 127 (5), 519, 838, 968, 1170, 1230, 1634, 2033, 2065, 2746, 2991, 3625, 4065.

PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

3899. American medical association. Existing and extinct medical colleges in the United States. Chicago, Ill., American medical association, 1931. 9 p. This study shows year when organized; when each college had graduates; when institution became extinct or when name was changed; when higher entrance requirements were put into effect; and ratings given by the Council on medical education and hospitals of the American medical association. Statistics up to November 1, 1928, appear in the reprint proper. Changes since 1928 appear in the addendum. 3900.

Council on medical education and hospitals. Statistics of state board examinations for the year ending December 31, 1930. Annual presentation of statistics. Chicago, Ill., American medical association, 1931. (Reprinted from the State board number of the Journal of the American medical association, p. 1387-1402.)

3901. Bayer, Rev. Jerome. The course of study in the Catholic preparatory seminary; a survey of 55 institutions. Master's, 1931. Catholic Univ. 108 p. ms.

3902. Biddle, Harry C. The chemistry course. What the student should remember. American journal of nursing, 30: 1297-1311, October 1930.

This study was prepared in connection with research course in curriculum making. Two hundred items of chemistry were submitted to about 150 general duty nurses and 150 teachers of chemistry in schools of nursing, for evaluation.

3903. Committee on the grading of nursing schools. Results of the first grading study of nursing schools. New York City [1931].

Section 1, The student body, 60 p.; section 2, what students learn, 84 p.; section 3, who controls the schools, 89 p.

A total of 1,458 schools took part in this study. Section 1 is divided into two parts: Part 1 deals with grading results and discussion based upon them; part 2 tells how the study was planned and carried out and some of the difficulties encountered. Section 2 is divided into two parts: Part 1 presents the findings of the grading committee, based upon sheets B, C, D, E, and F dealing with the course of study, theoretical and practical, the practice field, the organization of the faculty, and the actual records of experience in classroom instruction and practice of the members of the 1928 graduating class; part 2 is a special study of the nursing curriculum by Stella Goostray. Section 3 is

divided into three parts: Part 1 deals with the faculty, part 2 deals with the hospital and the board, and part 3 gives the summaries of findings.

3904. Cutler, James Elbert and Davie, Maurice Rea. A study in professional education at Western Reserve university. The school of applied social sciences, 1916-1930. Cleveland, Ohio, Western Reserve university press, 1930.

208 p.

This is a history of the school of applied social sciences at Western Reserve university from its establishment in 1916 to date.

3905. Gault, Alma E. Standards for a tuberculosis sanatorium which would be a satisfactory laboratory for instruction of student nurses in tuberculosis nursing. Illinois league of nursing education, 1931.

3906. Holcomb, Glenn Willis. A study of the measurement of engineering aptitude. Master's, 1931. Oreg. St. Agr. Coll. 83 p. ms.

3907. Huntly, Mabel F. Report of a League study of cooperative arrangements between schools of nursing and academic institutions. In National league of nursing education. Proceedings, 1931. p. 129-45.

A study was made of 83 of the 134 schools of nursing replying to a questionnaire. Data indicate that there is a strong tendency for schools of nursing to seek connection with an academic institution other than a hospital, and such connections are being established more frequently in the west and middle western States than in the States on the Atlantic border; many of the affiliations between schools or nursing and universities and junior colleges are casual in their inception and unstable in organization; most of the schools are inadequately financed.

3908. Hurd, Archer W. A study of achievement in various engineering and pre-engineering courses. Journal of educational research, 23: 25-30, January

1931.

This study shows that inconsistency as a variable trait is possessed by college students, and as a rule, in a greater degree by the better students. Grades in preengineering physics correlated most highly with grades in engineering courses.

3909. James, Ida Cleo. Instructional procedure in hospital schools. Master's, 1931. Southern California. 123 p.

An organized summary of practices and procedures used in bedside instruction, based on observation and interviews made in representative institutions.

3910. Joslin, Hope Lillibridge. The extent and effectiveness of the use of intelligence tests in hospital training schools of nursing. Master's, 1931.

Brown. 81 p. ms.

A survey of the present situation in training schools for nurses with respect to the extent of use made of intelligence tests. Also a detailed account of the administering and results of a testing program in one training school. Pertinent literature on the subject is summarized. Findings: There is an increasing use of intelligence tests in training schools for nurses. The results indicate that nurses in training differ very little, if at all, from high-school senior girls in intelligence. The tests in several hospitals have been found to correlate from .35 to .65 with the theoretical and practical work done by nurses in training.

3911. Keeler, L. W. An investigation of the effect of subject deficiencies upon accomplishment of students entering the college of engineering of the University of Michigan during the academic years 1927-1928, 1928-1929, and 1929-1930. Ann Arbor, Mich., University of Michigan, 1931. 68 p. (Bureau of educational reference and research, Bulletin no. 138, March 30, 1931.)

Complete transcripts were made of the records of students matriculating in the College of engineering in 1927, 1928, and 1929 to determine in what way the amount of deficiency varies for the different subjects prescribed for entrance; whether the amount of deficiency is higher for students entering from Michigan schools than for those entering from outside the State; the effect that entrance with deficiencies has upon the subsequent attainment of the students. Data indicate that the percentage of those with subject deficiencies entering the College of Engineering from the State of Michigan is decreasing; the investigation of deficiency by subjects shows an increased percentage of deficiency; from the study of attainment of deficient and nondeficient students, it was found there is but slight variation in total values from year to year.

3912. Leland, R. G. The cost of medical education; students' expenditures. Chicago, Ill., American medical association, 1931. 22 p. Journal of the American medical association, 96: 682-90, February 28, 1931.

Data from reports of 1,161 students attending widely separated and various types of medical schools during 1929-30 show that the cost of medical education averages slightly more than $1,100. Costs seem to be highest in the schools of New England and the Middle Atlantic States.

3913. Morgan, Clellan L. An appraisal of vocational material concerning law, medicine, and engineering. Master's, 1930. Iowa.

3914. Reed, Alfred Z. Review of legal education in the United States and Canada for the year 1930. New York City, Carnegie foundation for the advancement of teaching, 1931. 67 p.

Includes discussion of "Legislation affecting admission to the practice of the law"; comparative table of requirements for admission to the bars of the 60 American States and Canadian Provinces; list of law schools within the same territory, showing tuition fees, attendance and principal educational features; comparative statistics of law schools and law-school attendance since 1890, with particular reference to the growth of parttime schools, and the lengthened period of preparation.

3915. Schmitthenner, John W. An evaluation of the curricula of theological seminaries in the field of practical theology, as determined by a job analysis of the ministry. Master's, 1931. New York. 134 p. ms.

The study included an analysis of the offerings in practical theology in 100 theological seminaries, and a job analysis based on returns from 450 ministers and 200 time charts of activities. Findings: While courses given in seminaries cover the whole field of practical theology in the work of ministers, there is little if any clinical training and experience given or required. The job analysis reveals that there are 75 specific duties of ministers based on: Preaching duties, educational activities, pastoral activities, administrative duties, social duties, community activities, and denominational responsibilities. They are given in the order of importance, as evaluated by the ministers themselves.

3916. Schnur, Sidney. A genetic study of medical education in the United States. Master's, 1931. Coll. of the City of N. Y. 82 p. ms.

The material for this study of the history of the development of medical education in the United States was obtained from books, pamphets, bulletins, journals, reports, catalogues, etc. Findings: There has been a remarkable improvement in medical education in the last two decades.

3917. Settle, Edwin Theodore, jr. Classroom procedure in theological education. Doctor's, 1931. Yale.

3918. Society for the promotion of engineering education. Report of the investigation of engineering education, 1923-1929, accompanied by a supplemental report on technical institutes, 1928-1929. Vol. 1. Pittsburgh, Pa., University of Pittsburgh, 1930. 1,039 p.

This contains reports of investigations on the engineering students at the time of entrance to college, admissions and eliminations of engineering students, engineering graduates and nongraduates, engineering teaching personnel, graduate courses, organized research, extension courses in engineering colleges, costs of engineering education, engineering curricula, placement examinations, engineering education in the United States and Europe, etc. 3919. 1931. 281 p.

A study of technical institutes. Lancaster, Pa., Lancaster press, (Summary report, 39 p.)

A collateral project to the investigation of engineering education.

The study deals with an area rather than a specific type of technical education. No formal type of school or course was used as a norm, because of the wide range of needs to be covered in the study. Findings: There is a need for a large number of technical schools giving a more intensive and practical training than that now provided by the engineering colleges. They should train principally for supervisory and technical positions in particular industries, and to a less extent for engineering work of a general character. The need should be met by day schools, working on a full-time or a half-time schedule; evening schools should be widely provided; and correspondence instruction should be provided to fill the remaining gaps.

3920. Soule, Elizabeth Sterling. Organization and administration of a school of nursing in a university. 1931. University of Washington, Seattle. 85 p. ms. Works out plan for academic course in nursing in the university in cooperation with the hospital. Brings together previous plans on the subject. Findings: Plan was usable and was adopted by the University of Washington and Harborview hospital in Seattle and subsidized by the Rockefeller foundation.

3921. Steggert, B. J. Evaluation of work in professional schools for college credit. In American association of collegiate registrars. Bulletin, 5:186-91, October 1930.

Data were secured from 171 replies to a questionnaire on the range of credit allowed for various types of professional work on different degrees.

3922. Thompson, May E. An aid to teaching patients and nurses. Master's, 1931. T. C., Col. Univ. 100 p. ms.

Gives principles of normal instruction and modifications for diet in disease, with charts and illustrative material for the teaching of patients and nurses.

3923. Waite, Frederick C. The medical education of women in Cleveland (1850-1930). In Western Reserve studies, a miscellany. Cleveland, Ohio, 1930. p. 17-63. (Western Reserve university bulletin, vol. 33, no. 16, September 15,

1930.)

3924. Wooster, Lawrence Fisher. The evolution of the philosophy of engineering education. Master's, 1931. Oreg. St. Agr. Coll. 53 p. ms.

See also 605, 4083.

EDUCATIONAL AND VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE

Occupational studies for

3925. Alabama. State department of education. junior high school boys. Rev. ed. Montgomery, 1930. 75 p.

3926. Alabama polytechnic institute, Auburn. Staff of the school of education. Studies in education. Exploratory occupational studies. 1931. 62 p. (Bureau of educational service, vol. 1, no. 1, January 1931.)

3927. Andrews, L. O. A study of textbooks on occupatons and vocations. Master's, 1930. Michigan.

3928. Andrews, William C. Factors determining vocational choices of secondary school students. Master's, 1931. Claremont.

3929. Ashby, Genevieve M. The development of guidance in secondary schools. Master's [1931.] Arizona. 82 p. ms.

An historical study of the development and present status of the guidance movement. Findings: Complexity of industry and of society is causing a greatly diversified and broadened curriculum in high schools. This has necessitated more and better guidance. The idea has broadened from vocational guidance to educational and vocational guidance. It is now attempted to provide guidance in accordance with the seven objectives of secondary education. The danger is that because of its very width and importance the movement may become general guidance, which will become the function of all and be exercised by none, efficiently. In other words, the movement may dissipate itself in general education.

3930. Boehmer, Florence. Continuity of vocational interest of college women. Doctor's, 1931. T. C. Col. Univ.

The data for this investigation of the continuity of vocational interest of 6,466 women who matriculated in 42 land-grant colleges between the years 1889 and 1922 were secured from questionnaires prepared by the United States Bureau of education in 1928. Findings: Single women are more persistent in their vocational interests than married women; women of the later decades have greater continuity of vocational interest than do those of the earlier decades; women with degrees have more continuous vocational interests than those without degrees; the women most likely to persist in their original vocational interests are these who selected an occupation before entering college, majored in a field of study which offered preparation for that occupation, remained within that field of study, and took their degrees in the college in which they first matriculated.

3931. Branson, Ernest P. The evaluation of training and other requirements for guidance officials. Long Beach, Calif., City schools, 1931.

3932. Breckenridge, Zella M. An analysis of the administration of personnel problems of high-school girls. Master's, 1931. Pittsburgh. (For abstract see no. 715.)

Data for this study were obtained from advisers to girls and deans of girls from 10 States besides Pennsylvania and from 6 men principals in Pennsylvania. A study was made of 11 basic personnel problems: developing character; creating a consciousness of proper social relations; orienting freshmen girls; developing thrift; developing a broad health program; making wise choices of vocation and avocation; making wise choices of extracurricular activities; budgeting school time; harmonizing pupil-teacher relationship; harmonizing home-school relationship; and creating a consciousness of the need of attractive personal traits.

3933. Breitwieser, Thomas John. Occupational stability of the graduates of Pennsylvania State teachers colleges, 1910 to 1930. Doctor's, 1931. Indiana. 202 p. ms.

3934. Brindley, Marion Eldon. An occupational survey of the former students of the consolidated high schools of Jefferson county, Ind., as a base for curricular reorganization. Master's, 1931. Indiana. 60 p. ms.

3935. Buchanan, Martha Know. The possible relation between academic subjects, other school activities, and vocational guidance. Master's, 1931. Rutgers. 62 p. ms.

3936. Buchwald, Leona C. Follow-up of withdrawals, junior and senior high schools, September 10, 1929, to June 25, 1930, white and colored. Baltimore, Md., Department of education, 1930. 18 p. ms. (2 pts.).

Post-card survey of present occupational or educational status of withdrawals.

3937. Caldwell, Mary Jane H. Materials for teachers to use in giving vocational guidance through the study of biography. Master's, 1931. T. C., Col. Univ. 46 p. ms.

Bibliography covered all available biographies that are suitable for the study of workers in vocations of to-day.

3938. Chalaron, Claire. The registered nurse in New Orleans, La.] Herbert B. Holmes company, inc., 1930. 16 p. school board. Vocational information series, no. 1.)

Orleans. [New (Orleans parish

The study deals with the opportunities for registered nurses in New Orleans, for the information of the children in the New Orleans public schools.

3939. Chesnut, Inez. Vocational guidance through reading in the junior college library. Master's, 1931. Creighton.

3940. Clark, Charles W. An investigation into the use and value of vocational tests for aptitude in the program of vocational school. Master's, 1931. N. Y. St. Coll. for Teach. 23 p. graphs.

Scores from certain selected portions of a widely used vocational test were correlated with grades obtained by children in a city vocational school. Low positive correlations were found for the most part, though scores on the vocabulary test and IQ's showed a coefficient of correlation of 0.46 and scores on the same test and grades in English showed a coefficient of correlation of 0.53.

3941. Clark, Harold F. Economic theory and correct occupational distribution. New York City, Teachers college, Columbia university, 1931. 175 p.

This study shows the number of people there should be in each occupation in the United States and the duty and obligation of public education to so plan its program that the correct number will be trained. Some attention is given to the effect that such a policy would have in stabilizing employment, increasing wages and adding to the total economic welfare of the country.

3942. Clark, Willis W. Counselor activities in elementary schools. Los Angeles, Calif., City schools, 1930. Los Angeles educational research bulletin. 10:6-13, September 1930.