A Manual of Inorganic Chemistry

Chap. VIII.-Chlorine. Preparation and properties of chlorine. Chlo-

rine-water. Metals burn in chlorine. Chlorine burns in hydrogen, and hydro-

gen in chlorine. Combustion in chlorine. Uses of chlorine. How chlorine acts

in bleaching and disinfecting. Action of chlorine on ammonia. Chloride of

nitrogen. Oxides of chlorine. Hypochlorous acid. Chlorous acid. Нуро-

acid. Chloride of bromine.

Bromhydric acid. Bromic acid. Hypobromous

Bromide of nitrogen.

119-123

Chap. X.-Iodine. Extraction and properties of iodine. Tests for iodine.
Iodohydric acid. Iodic acid. Periodic acid. Iodide of nitrogen. Chlorides of
iodine. Bromides of iodine. The chlorine group of elements

Chap. XI.-Fluorine. Fluorhydric acid. Etching glass

Chap. XII.-Ozone and Antozone. Allotropism. Preparation and pro-

perties of ozone. Tests for ozone. Ozone a disinfectant. Ozone in the atmo-

sphere. Preparation and properties of antozone. "The antozone cloud. Ant-

ozone formed in all processes of combustion. Antozone oxidizes water. Differ-

ences between ozone and antozone

123-135

. 135-139

Chap. XIII.-Sulphur. Crystallization of sulphur. Crystalline structure.

The six systems of crystallization. Sulphur a dimorphous element. Change of

prismatic into octahedral sulphur. Methods of obtaining crystals. Soft sulphur.

Milk of sulphur. Metals burn in sulphur as in oxygen. Uses of sulphur. Sul-

phydric acid. Preparation, analysis, and properties of sulphydric acid. Sul-

phuretted-hydrogen water. Sulphydric acid as a reagent. Ready decomposition

of sulphydric acid. Persulphide of hydrogen. Greek and Latin numeral prefixes.

Oxides of sulphur. Sulphurous acid. Preparation, properties, and composition

of sulphurous acid. Liquid sulphurous acid. Bleaching-power of sulphurous

acid. Oxidation of sulphurous acid. Sulphites. Sulphuric acid. Manufacture

and properties of sulphuric acid. Its behavior towards water and ice. Hydrates

of sulphuric acid. Sulphates. The terms monobasic, bibasic, &c. Fuming sul-

phuric acid. Anhydrous sulphuric acid. Preparation and properties of anhy-

drous sulphuric acid. Hyposulphurous acid. Hyposulphites. Chlorides of

sulphur

Chap. XIV.-Selenium and Tellurium. Properties of selenium. Iso-

morphism. Atomic volume. Tellurium. Compounds of tellurium. The sulphur

group of elements

Chap. XV.-Combination by volume. Synopsis of the gaseous compounds
previously studied. Condensation ratios. Combining-weight and volume-weight.
Double or product volume. Molecular condition of elementary gases. Mole-
cular formulæ

Chap. XVI.-Phosphorus. Allotropic modifications of phosphorus. Fric-
tion matches. Phosphorescence. Solutions of phosphorus. Poisonous pro-
perties of phosphorus. Manufacture of phosphorus. Red phosphorus. Amor-
phous and crystallized red phosphorus. Safety-matches. Phosphorus with
oxidizing agents. Phosphuretted hydrogen. Preparation and analysis of phos-

139-154

154-198

198-203

203-209

phuretted hydrogen gas.

CONTENTS.

Composition of phosphuretted hydrogen as compared

with that of ammonia. Unit-volume weight of phosphorus twice its atomic

weight. Liquid and solid phosphuretted hydrogen. Compounds of phosphorus

and oxygen. Red oxide of phosphorus. Hypophosphorous acid. Phosphorous

acid. Spontaneous combustion. Phosphoric acid. Hydrates of phosphoric

acid. Meta- and pyro-phosphoric acids. Chlorides of phosphorus. Dissociation.

Bromides, iodides, and sulphides of phosphorus

Chap. XVII.-Arsenic. Sources and properties of arsenic. Arseniu-

retted hydrogen. Oxides of arsenic. Manufacture of arsenious acid. Iso-

merism. Properties and uses of arsenious acid. Reduction of arsenious acid.

Solubility of arsenious acid. Arsenic acid. Salts of arsenic acid; their analogy

to the phosphates. Detection of arsenic in cases of poisoning. Diffusion of

liquids. Dialysis. Crystalloids and colloids. Destroying the organic matters.

Precipitation and reduction of sulphide of arsenic. Marsh's test. Chloride of

arsenic. Sulphides of arsenic. Sulphur-salts. Sulpharsenites and Sulphar-

seniates.

Chap. XVIII.-Antimony. Sources, properties, and alloys of antimony.

Antimoniuretted hydrogen. Testing for antimony. Distinguishing between

arsenic and antimony. Teroxide of antimony. Antimoniate of antimony. An-

timonic acid. Metantimonic acid. Chlorides of antimony. Chloridizing agents.

Sulphides of antimony. Sulphur-salts

Chap. XIX.-Bismuth.

Sources and properties of bismuth.

metal. Teroxide of bismuth. Bismuthic acid. Chloride of bismuth.

of bismuth. The nitrogen group of elements

Fusible

Chap. XX.-Carbon. Allotropic modifications of carbon. Diamond.

Graphite or plumbago. Graphitic acid. Gas-carbon. Coke. Anthracite.

Charcoal. Preparation of charcoal. Distillation of wood and of coal. Illumi-

nating gas. Lampblack. Properties of charcoal. Reducing-power of charcoal.

Deflagration. Stability of charcoal. Charcoal absorbs gases. Induces combi-

nations. Disinfects. Decolorizes. Compounds of carbon and hydrogen. Or-

ganic chemistry. Homologous series. Marsh-gas or light carburetted hydrogen.

Atomic weight of carbon. Typical hydrogen compounds. Composition of illu-

minating gas.
Carbonic acid. Preparation and properties of carbonic acid.

Ventilation of wells. Diffusion of gases. Solubility of carbonic acid. Carbonic

acid produced in the processes of fermentation, respiration, decay, and combus-

tion. Liquid and solid carbonic acid. Decomposition, analysis, and synthesis of

carbonic acid. Carbonates. Carbonic oxide. Preparation and properties of car-

bonic oxide. Carbonic oxide a deoxidizing agent. Heat evolved in the com-

bustion of carbonic oxide. Dissociation of carbonic oxide. Composition of car-

bonic oxide. Combustion. Luminosity of flames. The Bunsen burner. Quantity

and intensity flames. All flames gas-flames. Form of luminous flames. Blast-

lamps and blowpipes. Oxidizing and reducing flames. Chimneys. Indestructi-

bility of matter. Kindling-temperature. Flames and fires extinguished by wire

gauze and other good conductors. Safety-lamps. Flaming fires. Loss of heat

from incomplete combustion. Chlorides of carbon. Compounds of carbon and

nitrogen. Bisulphide of carbon

Chap. XXI.-Boron. Sources of boron compounds. Allotropism of boron.

Boracic acid. Chloride of boron. Fluoride of boron. Fluoboric acid. Sulphide

Chap. XXII.-Silicon. Abundance of silicon. Preparation of silicon.
Modifications of silicon. Silicon and hydrogen. Oxide of silicon. Silicic acid.
Soluble silicic acid. Varieties of silicic acid. Silica in natural waters. Silicates.
ormulæ of silicates. Decomposition of silicates. Composition and formula of
silicic acid. Chloride of silicon. Composition of chloride of silicon. Compound
of silicon, hydrogen, and chlorine. Fluoride of silicon. Fluosilicic acid. Fluo-
silicates. Sulphide of silicon. The carbon group

Chap. XXIII.-Sodium. Sources of sodium salts. Chloride of sodium.

Salt-works. Properties and uses of salt. Bromide and iodide of sodium. Sul-

phate of sodium. Glauber's salt. Supersaturated solutions. Bisulphate of so-

dium. Carbonate of sodium.

Leblanc's process.

Bicarbonate of sodium. Yeast powders. Sulphides of sodium. Metallic sodium.

Soda-ash. Soda-crystals.

Hydrate of sodium. Caustic soda. Bases and acids. Replacement. Direct com-

bination. Phosphates of sodium. Borax. Borax as a blowpipe test. Silicates

of sodium. Waterglass. Glass. Devitrified and colored glass. Hyposulphite

of sodium

Chap. XXIV.-Potassium. Sources of potassium. Carbonate of potas-

sium. Bicarbonate of potassium. Hydrate of potassium. Caustic potash.

Strength of bases. Alkalimetry. Volumetric analysis. Valuation of potash and

soda-ash. Metallic potassium. Cream of tartar. Chloride of potassium. Bro-

mide of potassium. Iodide of potassium. Cyanide of potassium. Sulphides of

potassium. Liver of sulphur. Sulphates of potassium. Nitrate of potassium.

Refining of saltpetre. Saltpetre not explosive. Gunpowder. Chlorate of potas-

sium

Chap. XXV.-Ammonium-salts. The hypothetical metal ammonium.

Hydrate of ammonium. Chloride of ammonium. Sulphate of ammonium. Ni-
trate of ammonium. Carbonates of ammonium. Sulphides of ammonium.

Chap. XXVI.-Lithium. Spectrum analysis. Rubidium and Cesium.

Thallium

Chap. XXVII.—Silver.

Metallic silver. The term metal.

silver.

Occurrence of silver.

Extraction of silver.

Indelible ink. Oxides of silver.

The daguerreotype. Photography on glass.

of silver. Atomic weight of silver. Bromide of silver. Iodide of silver. Cyanide

of silver. Sulphide of silver. Sulphate of silver. The alkali group. Quanti-

valence. Atomicity

Acids and bases. Silver coin. Nitrate of

Photography on paper.

Fulminating silver. Photography.

Chloride

Chap. XXVIII.-Calcium-Strontium-Barium-Lead. Calcium. Car-
bonate of calcium. Calcareous petrifactions. Calc-spar and arragonite. Oxide
of calcium. Hydrate of calcium. Milk of lime. Slaked lime. Mortar. Caustic
lime. Uses of lime. Sulphate of calcium. Plaster of Paris, or calcined gypsum.
Plaster casts. Incrustation of steam-boilers. Hard water. Testing water. Phos-
phates of calcium. Chloride of calcium. Hypochlorite of calcium. Bleaching-
powder. Preparation of chlorine and oxygen from bleaching-powder. Chlori-
metry. Nitrate of calcium. Sulphydrate of calcium. Sulphite of calcium. Me-
tallic calcium.-Strontium and barium. Peroxide of barium. Making oxygen
with peroxide of barium. Strontium salts. Barium salts. Uses of strontium

372-391

391-414

414-436

437-443