CAMERON, VERNEY LOVETT, African explorer; born in Radipole, Weymouth, Dorsetshire, Eng., in 1844; died in Soulbury, Bedfordshire, March 26. In November, 1872, he left England under the auspices of the Royal Geographical society, in charge of the East Coast Livingstone relief expedition. After months of hard marching he found that Livingstone was dead. He then determined to under take a march across the continent; and it was this feat, achieved between 1873 and 1876, that gave him his chief fame.

COOK, AYNSLEY, singer; died in London, England, Feb. 16. Dur

HANS VON BULOW.

ing the last thirty years he had been associated with nearly all the Eng. lish operatic ventures. He was regarded as the greatest living Fra Diavolo.

CUNLIFFE-OWEN, SIR PHILIP, public servant of her Britannic majesty; born in Lancashire, England, in 1828; died in Lowestoft, England, March 23. He was one of the organizers of the great Čentennial exhibition of 1876; also one of the founders of the great National museum, at South Kensington, of which he was director for over a quarter of a century, where from $75,000,000 to $100,000,000 worth of art treasures has been gathered together from every quarter of the globe. His distinguished services in the cause of art were officially recognized by nearly every foreign government.

DU CAMP, MAXIME, author; born in Paris, France, Feb. 8, 1822; died there Feb. 9. He travelled in Turkey in 1844-45, and on his return published a volume of travels and sketches; took part in founding the Revue de Paris in 1851. He published volumes on the Fine Arts at the Universal Expositions of 1855 and 1867, various collections of verse, sketches of travel, novels, and an elaborate work on Paris: Its Organs, Its Functions, Its Life. The work, however, by which he is best known is his History of the Paris Commune. It was this work that secured his election to the French Academy in 1880.

FORCHAMMER, PAUL WILHELM, archæologist; born in Hussum, Prussia, in 1803; died in Berlin Jan. 9. He visited Asia Minor in 1838, to ascertain the site of Troy, being assisted by the British admiralty. His chart of Troy appeared in the publications of the

Royal Geographical society. of Athens. FRÉMY, PROFESSOR EDMOND, scientist; born in Versailles, France, Feb. 28, 1814; died in Paris Feb. 3. After finishing his studies, he became preparator to Gay-Lussac at the Polytechnic School. Later on he succeeded, at the Polytechnic School and the College of France, Pelouze, who had become professor at these two establishments. He replaced Gay-Lussac for some time at the museum of natural history, and finally succeeded his two masters in 1843 and 1850. His important dis

Among his treatises is the Topography

coveries soon placed him in the first rank of the most distinguished chemists of our time. In 1857 he was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences in place of Baron Thénard. In 1879 he succeeded Chevreul as director of the museum. His discoveries in organic chemistry are exceedingly valuable. He was a voluminous author. His Cyclopedia of Chemistry, just finished, is a glorious legacy to science.

HANNEN, BARON JAMES, distinguished English jurist, lord of appeal in ordinary; born in Kingswood, Surrey, England, in 1821; died in London March 29. He came into prominence in 1889 as president of the Parnell inquiry commission, before which were tried the charges brought by the

London Times against Mr. Parnell and others. In this office he added materially to his reputation by the firmness, impartiality, and grasp of detail which he displayed. His last great public duty was to serve as one of the arbitrators for Great Britain in the Bering Sea arbitration, his associate being Sir John Thompson, the Canadian minister of justice. For many years he has been regarded as one of the brightest lights of the British judiciary.

HASENAUER, BARON KARL VON, architect; born in 1834; died in Vienna, Austria, Jan. 4. Among his works are the royal museum in Vienna, the palace of Count von Lützow in Vienna, and the palace of industry, built for the Vienna exposition of 1875. He was an officer of the Legion of Honor, a member of the Berlin Academy, and an honorary member of the institute of architects of Great Britain.

HERTZ, HEINRICH, electrical scientist; born in Hamburg, GerHe was for many, in 1857; died in Bonn, Rhenish Prussia, Jan. 5. three years an assistant to Helmholtz, the great physicist. In 1883 he was chosen to fill the position of privat docent at the University of Kiel. He became incumbent of the chair of physics in the Technical College of Carlsruhe in 1885, and in 1889 succeeded the illustrious Clausius in the chair of physics in the University of Bonn, which he occupied until his death. The attention of the scientific world was called to Hertz as long ago as 1886, when he published his first researches relative to the action of violet light upon the electric discharge, soon followed by a study upon the velocity of propagation

of electric induction. After these remarkable researches the scientific fame of Hertz was soon established. It dates from 1888, when

he succeeded in furnishing an experimental confirmation of the views of Faraday and Clerk Maxwell upon the propagation of electric waves in the surrounding medium.

HILL, JOSEPH SIDNEY, D. D., bishop; born in Barnack, England, in 1851; died in Africa early in 1894. He had been a missionary in West Africa and New Zealand, and in June, 1893, was consecrated bishop of the Church of England in Western Equatorial Africa.

KOSSUTH, LOUIS, patriot; born in

Monok, Hungary, April 27, 1802; died in voluntary exile near Turin, Italy, March 20. Seventeen members of his family had, between 1527 and 1715. been prosecuted for high treason by the Austrian government. He seemed to have been born its enemy, and early entered upon the crusade which resulted in his universal fame. At the age of thirty, he was sent to the diet at Presburg, as a substitute. He at once commenced, through secretaries, the dissemination of reports of its proceedings. He also, in 1836, began the publication of a news letter, at Pesth, which reported the proceedings of county meetings. This publication was voted treasonable, and Kossuth spent three years in prison, during which time he learned the English language. In 1840 he was liberated by a general amnesty.

In 1847 he was returned to the diet for the county of Pesth, and soon as an orator and debater he made his influence felt. Then came the great work of his life-first as a champion of the common people against the nobility of Hungary itself, and then as the leader of all Hungary against the tyranny of Austria. It was in the fall of 1848 that Austrian injustice finally drove Hungary to declare its independence, and to make Kossuth its governor or president. A desperate war followed. Russia came to the aid of Austria. The Hungarians were crushed, and Kossuth fled to the Turkish empire for safety. Doubtless the exiled leader, in response to the demands and threats of Austria and Russia, would have been surrendered by Turkey, to be put to death. But England and America intervened in his behalf, and his safety was thus secured. The United States government

NECROLOGY.

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sent its steam frigate Mississippi to invite him to America as the nation's guest.

It was on September 1, 1851, that Kossuth and his comrades in exile set out on horseback and in wagons from Kutaiah, in Turkey, on their way to a land of liberty. On arriving at Marseilles, Kossuth asked to go through France. This request was telegraphed to Paris and a flat denial was sent back, so the journey was continued by water to Gibraltar. Thence he went to England in an English steamer, and made a tour through that country, being received with tremendous popular enthusiasm everywhere. Finally, on December 5, he reached New York on the steamer Humboldt and commenced a tour through this country which was one continual ovation.

Kossuth returned to Europe in 1852, and spent many years in traveling about, lecturing, and working in various ways for the Hungarian cause. In 1850 he hoped to get France to fight Austria, and thus give Hungary a chance to rise again, but in this he was disappointed. As late as 1866, when Austria and Prussia were at war, he strove to persuade the Hungarians to repudiate the compromise with Austria, which Deak had effected, and which has since proven the salvation of the empire and a blessing to Hungary; but in vain. Then he settled down at Turin, Italy, to spend the remainder of his life in exile. He never would return to Hungary, though often invited to do so, and even elected several times to a seat in the Hungarian parliament. In 1880, when pressed by poverty, he began to publish a part of his Memoirs, and he continued for some years in writing the story of his life. In 1883 a hundred Hungarian counties and boroughs While these addresses were full sent him addresses on his birthday. of the enthusiasm inspired by the contemplation of a glorious past, his replies were full of melancholy forebodings for the future. He might long ago have returned to his people, who would have honored him, but he would only go back as governor of the Hungary he left in 1849. He confessed to "no hope in the future, to no consolation in the past."

How many great men have died disappointed because the object they so vehemently championed, although in substance accomplished, had not been effected according to their plan. Mazzini's crowning desire was the unification of Italy, yet he died despondent because his country was united under a king of the house of Savoy. The German revolutionists of 1848 fought for a united country, and Germany was united under the very men against whom they had contended. Kossuth died in voluntary exile, declining to recognize the independence of Hungary, because its independent government had a Hapsburg for its king. And yet among the world's heroes, there are few names which awaken more enthusiasm or will be longer or more lovingly remembered than the name of Louis Kossuth.

MAILLET, JACQUES LEONARD, sculptor; born in Paris July 12,
In 1841 he won the second prize at
His
1825; died at Chassey, France.

the School of Fine Arts, and in 1847 the grand prize of Rome.
works in marble, bronze, and terra cotta are known to all art lovers.
In 1861 he was constituted a member of the Legion of Honor.
MELLINET, GENERAL ÉMILE, soldier; born in Nantes, France,
He fought in the war with Spain
June 11, 1798; died there Jan. 21.
He was awarded the
in 1822, and was before Sebastopol in 1855.
grand cross of the Legion of Honor.

MONCHICOURT, M., judicial liquidator of the Panama Canal com

pany; died in Paris, France, March 15.

NORENA, MIGUEL, sculptor; died in the City of Mexico, Feb. 6. He was the designer of the great statue of Cuauhtemotzin, on the Pasco de la Reforma in that city.

PORTAL, SIR GERALD, C. B., K. C. M. G., British political agent and consul-general; born in 1858; died in London Jan. 25. In 1880 he was appointed attaché to the legation at Rome; in 1882 attached to the agency in Egypt; in 1884 was permanently transferred to Cairo, Egypt; and in 1887, when it became necessary to send a mission to King John of Abyssinia, he volunteered for the journey, for which his knowledge of Arabic specially qualified him. He accomplished his mission successfully. In 1891 he succeeded Sir C. Euan-Smith as consul-general at Zanzibar, and for his services in raising the protectorate from bankruptcy to solvency was made a K. C. M. G. In the latter part of 1892, the question of the retention of Uganda being urgent, Sir Gerald was dispatched thither as a commissioner to investigate and report. In Uganda he reduced the quarrelling factions to order, settled the government, and returned to England to report to the government. His account of his mission favors the retention of Uganda as a crown colony. For portrait see Vol. 3, p. 53.

REICHEL, RT. REV. CHARLES PARSONS, D. D., Protestant Episcopal bishop of Meath, Ireland; died in Dublin March 29.

SAX, ANTOINE JOSEPH ADOLPHE, manufacturer of musical instruments; born in Dinant, France, in 1814; died in Paris Feb. 9. He introduced the saxophone in Paris in 1838; and was made a professor in the Conservatory in 1857. He received the decoration of the Legion of Honor in 1849.

SERAFINA, CARDINAL LUIGI; born in 1808; died in Rome, Italy, Feb. 2. He was made a cardinal in 1877, and designated as bishop of Sabina and prefect of the congregation of the council.

SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON, librarian and Oriental scholar; born in Keig, Scotland, Nov. 8, 1846; died in London, England, March 31. He was removed from the professorship of Oriental languages in Aberdeen Free Church College in 1881 for heresy. Two years later he became the lord almoner's professor of Arabic in the University of Cambridge; in 1886 he was chosen librarian, and in 1889 was appointed Adams professor of Arabic in the same university. He published a number of books, which occupy a leading place in most Biblical libraries. Owing to his talents as an Oriental scholar, his services were engaged as a member of the Bible revision committee.

STEPHENS, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, K. C. S. I., Q. C., justice of her majesty's high court; born in March, 1829; died in Ipswich, England, March 12. He was created queen's counsel in 1869. The last great trial over which he presided was that of Mrs. Florence Maybrick, an American, who was convicted in August, 1889, of causing the death of her husband by the use of arsenic, and who is now in Woking prison, her sentence of death having been commuted to imprisonment for life.

STEWART, SIR ROBERT PRESCOTT, musical composer; born in 1825; died in Dublin, Ireland, March 25. Since 1862 he had been professor of music at Dublin University. He composed the cantatas A Winter Night's Wake and The Eve of St. John; wrote books on Irish Music, Dance Forms, and The Life and Works of Handel, besides contributing many articles to Sir George Grove's Dictionary of Music. He was knighted in 1872.