freely given to aid the church, and foreign and domestic missions. He was also a warm advocate of freedom and temperance. In short, every good cause here on earth, in his death, has lost a friend.

He suffered from disease of the heart, which extended to the liver and lungs, ending in effusion of the chest; and after nearly a month of such intense suffering as is seldom witnessed, death came to his relief.

CXIV.

Biographical Sketch of H. S. Benedict, M. D.

By JAMES M. CADMUS.

During the year 1869, Dr. H. S. Benedict, of Corning, was removed from our midst by death. But few of the physicians of our school, who have been called hence, will be so sincerely lamented by a large circle of friends and patrons, as he who is the subject of this brief memoir.

Dr. Benedict was born in the town of Warwick, Orange county, New York, July 12th, 1823, where a part of his early youth was spent. His parents removed to Benton, Yates county, and finally to Steuben county, where, soon after, he began the study of medicine. under the supervision of Dr. T. J. Patchen, then of Bath, New York, now of Fondulac, Wisconsin. He attended lectures at Cleveland, and was a graduate of the Western Homœopathic Medical College, located in that city. About a year after attending lectures, he opened an office at Havana, New York, where he soon obtained an extended practice.

In the fall of 1864 he removed to Corning, New York; from that time until his death, October 18, 1869, he was constantly engaged in the practice of medicine. His success in his chosen profession was uniform, and of that character which tends to build up and sustain the zealous worker in fighting life's battles. Depending alone upon his own abilities, without special advantages of connection or introduction, he rapidly advanced to the front rank in the profession, and undoubtedly enjoyed a larger and better practice, than usually falls to the lot of physicians outside the limits of our cities.

Easily adapting himself to his surroundings, genial, with an extensive fund of story, and readiness to illustrate any point, and a professional acumen of the first water, we here find the stepping-stone to the success he attained, and which commanded the confidence, and won the love of his patients; as was abudantly testified by the many who assisted in paying the last tribute of respect to his remains. Toward his professional brethren, Dr. Benedict was always courteous, and ready to extend a helping hand; aiding them by his counsel, assisting the young physician to gain that foothold in the confidence of his patrons, so essential to success, and so needed by all beginners in their earlier combats with disease.

His was such a nature, that he never appeared apprehensive of injury or loss from so doing, knowing full well that he would be amply rewarded in the consciousness of having done only his duty. Stricken down suddenly in the prime of life, we are admonished of the mutability of earthly things. His disease, apoplexy, the result of over-taxed mental and physical powers, invidiously sought its victim, and in less than one hour after his return from a visit to the sick, he was numbered among the dead.

CXV.

Biographical Sketch of Charles C. Foote, M. D.

By ELIAL T. FOOTE, M. D.

Charles Cheney Foote, M. D., died suddenly at his residence in New Haven, Conn., November 9, 1871, of hemorrhage, resulting from the bursting of a blood-vessel.

He was the son of Dr. Elial T. and Anna Cheney Foote, and was born in Jamestown, N. Y., September 6, 1825.

Fitted for college in the Jamestown academy, and Williston Seminary, at East Hampton, Mass. Graduated at Union College in 1849. He read medicine with his father, and in 1850 attended medical lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in New York city. He also attended lectures at Jefferson Medical College, in Philadelphia, and graduated in 1851.

He commenced practice in the city of New Haven; married Miss Amelia L. Jenkins, of New Haven, April, 1852. They had four daughters and two sons. He followed two daughters and one son to the grave. The son died just eight weeks before his father, which was a severe stroke to him, and which he deeply felt till his death. He leaves a widow, two daughters and one son.

At the time of his death he was forty-six years of age, and had practiced in New Haven about twenty years. He confined himself entirely to his profession, and grew into an extensive practice; all he was able to do.

No physician in the community was more highly esteemed, even by those who differed with him in practical views.

His health was generally good; he never during his life had a severe fit of sickness. While in practice, he was seldom so ill as to be detained more than one or two consecutive days from visiting his patients. The following is an extract from a New Haven paper:

"From his earliest boyhood he was noted for his principles of right and severe condemnation of wrong; as also for exemplary habits, which were so strict that he did not allow himself even many of the common luxuries of life. In manners a perfect gentleman, and if such a thing were possible, he had not an enemy in the world. During the successful practice of his profession, for twenty years, he was distinguished for the faithful discharge of all the duties imposed upon

him, even to the detriment of his own health, and his ears were ever open to the cries of the afflicted, the poor and the needy.

Although he never made a public profession of faith, yet he was a man of the strongest Christian character. Liberal in his views, he never desired nor would even enter into a religious controversy, acknowledging the right of every man to his own opinion; and all he desired from others was to enjoy at their hands the same privilege. As a Christian, a gentleman, a scholar, and a physician, few were his equals, and the testimonial offered to his memory by a sorrow-stricken community, is that his loss cannot be replaced.

This faint and rude memorial to the virtues of the man can redound but little to his praise, for a better one than this is written upon the hearts of the people who knew him and loved him well."

CXVI.

Biographical Sketch of H. B. Gram, M. D.*

Dr. H. B. Gram was born in Boston in 1786. His father, a native of Denmark and principal secretary of the Danish West India government, visited this country soon after the close of the revolution. While here he married an American lady, Miss Burdick, of Boston, and resigned his office; proceedings that gave so much offense at home that he was induced to give up his intention of returning to Denmark. He continued to reside in Boston till his death, which occurred in 1807, or thereabouts.

His eldest son, the subject of this memorial, had been carefully educated, and had already commenced the study of medicine, when the loss of his father made it necessary for him to visit Denmark on business relating to the estate. He arrived in Copenhagen early in 1808, and immediately entered the Royal Academy of Surgery, under the care of Professor Fenger, a relative of his, who was physician in ordinary to the king.

Within a year after his arrival in Copenhagen, young Gram received from the king the flattering appointment of assistant surgeon to a large military hospital. Previous to his admission into the Royal Academy of Surgery, he had to sustain an examination in the Latin and Greek languages, and natural philosophy, and the hospital appointment was also preceded by a rigorous examination in anatomy and petit surgery. Having, by successive promotions, attained the rank of surgeon, and having won the highest grade of merit in the Academy of Surgery, he resigned his connection with the hospital in 1814, and devoted himself to general practice in Copenhagen, with eminent success. He continued in the active practice of his profession, enjoying the society and friendship of the most learned and eminent men of that capital, till 1825, the date of his return to this country. He came home a complete general and

* Founder of Homœopathy in America.

medical scholar, thoroughly qualified by extensive practical experience, and an established reputation for a successful career in a new field. To his other advantages was added a knowledge of homeopathy, to the truth of which he had become a thorough convert, and to the dissemination of which, in his native land, and under more favorable auspices than could be found in the old world, he determined to devote the remainder of his life.

Soon after his arrival in New York, he published a translation of Hahnemann's "Geist der Homœopat. Heil-Lehre," (Spirit of the Homœopathic Doctrine), which he addressed to his colleagues of the medical profession. This pamphlet was undoubtedly the earliest of American publications on the subject of homeopathy; but the entire neglect with which it was treated by those whom he sought to interest so disheartened him, that he published nothing further; in fact, it was several years before he, or his system, became known to any extent beyond a very limited circle of appreciative friends and patients. But among those who were attracted to him, and learned from him the foundation principles of that beneficent medical reformation, which he modestly but unshrinkingly advocated, were some who afterwards became potent and successful promoters of the cause, both by pen and voice.

It is not certainly known how long he had been a homoeopathist in Copenhagen, but it must have been several years, as he claimed to have been among the earliest of the non-German confessors. He lived to see the system, of which he was the first, and for a time the sole, representative in this country, firmly planted, not only in New York, but in many other cities and towns of the new world, steadily attracting new adherents from the professions, and daily gaining grateful and zealous friends among the most intelligent and cultivated of the laity. His death occurred February 26, 1840, at the age of fifty-four years, fifteen years after his return to this country.

With erudition that excited the admiration of all who knew him; with skill in his art that made him an indispensable blessing to those who had once sought his aid, with the soul of a sage and the heart of a Christian, what sum of private benefit and general good would he not have created, had he been spared to the venerable senectitude of a Hufeland, a Hahnemann, or a Blumenbach!

CXVII.

Biographical Sketch of Arthur Lutze, M. D., Knight, P. R. Saxony.

By HERMANN MUHR, M D., New York City.

The United States of America is not the only nursery of self-made men; they may be found in the old world, too; although with the pedantic and antiquated rule of education in most European countries, a person not trained in the customary old fashion, and overleaping the barriers established by law, custom or prejudice, is a greater rarity there, than in the new world.

The term "self-made man" is applied to such individuals, as, impeded in the pursuit of an education, or being left without any cultivation during their early life, at a later period, after having become sensible of the power that is in them, their superior talents and mental faculties, not only make up by uncommon energy what they have neglected in times past, but with manly earnestness and matured intelligence, rise over most of those who have been trained in the usual manner. It is with pride we count among those men, our memorable, great and pure Abraham Lincoln, our Daniel Webster, Horace Greeley, Henry Raymond, Stephen A. Douglas, and even Andrew Johnson.

Another class of self-made men, consists of those, who by paternal will, without any observation or any regard to their particular inclinations, have been forced into a certain career, and who, after having come to maturity, are possessed of enough energy to follow the inner pressure of their vocation, overcome later all obstacles, to fit themselves to that profession for which they seem to be created. Such men will elevate themselves above the common level, and thereby, possibly, excite the envy of all the mediocres in their branch.

Here, in the United States, genius or great talents meet, in general, with less narrow-minded opposition than elsewhere. It is with joyfulness, that friends, nay, the whole nation, greet such aspiring men, who escape the trammels of narrow mind or untoward circumstance; for it is well understood of what great value those persons are to a community. The case is different in Europe, particularly in Germany, where still greater difficulties are to be overcome. who would break down or overleap the barriers restraining the free development of the powers of mankind, must be possessed of still greater energy and higher gifts of mind, if he would reach a high aim, notwithstanding all the obstacles placed in his way.

He

Society is indebted to the artist, Rauch Drake; the sculptor, Kaulbach, and to Borsig, to the majority of the dramatic artists, as they have overcome with admirable energy, all adverse influence to