scription on the column at the head of the tomb concludes with the IT would be an edifying thing to write a history of

down from the fly-sticking of Domitian, the molecatching of Artabanus, the hog-mimicking of Parmenides, the horse-currying of Aretas, to the petticoatembroidering of Ferdinand, and the patience-playing of the P--e R~~t!

Note 2, page 140, col. 1.

Your curst tea and toast.

Is Mr Bob aware that his contempt for tea renders him liable to a charge of atheism? Such, at least, is the opinion cited in Christian. Falster. Amænitat. Philolog. Atheum interpretabatur hominem ab herba The aversum." He would not, I think, have been so irreverent to this beverage of scholars, if he had read Peter Petit's Poem in praise of Tea, addressed to the learned Huet-or the Epigraph which Pechlinus wrote for an altar he meant to dedicate to this herb-or the Anacreontics of Peter Francius, in which he calls Tea

Θεαν, στην, θεαιναν.

The following passage from one of these Anacreontics will, I have no doubt, be gratifying to all true Theists.

Θεοίς, θεων, τε πατρι

Εν χρυσεοις σκυρείσι
Διδοι το νεκταρ Ήβη.
Σε 1421 διακονοιντο
Σκύφοις εν μυρρίνοισι,
Τῳ καλλεϊ πρεπούσαι
Καλαις χερεσσι κουράι.

Which may be thus translated :—

Yes, let Hebe, ever young,
High in heaven her nectar hold,
And to Jove's immortal throng

Pour the tide in cups of gold.-
I'll not envy heaven's princes,
While, with snowy hands, for me,
KATE the china tea-cup rinces,
And pours out her best Bohea!

Note 3, page 141, col. 1.

Note 5, page 143, col. 1.

155

No one can suspect Boileau of a sneer at his royal
master, but the following lines, intended for praise,
Describing the celebrated passage
look very like one.
of the Rhine, during which Louis remained on the safe
side of the river, he says,

Louis, les animant du feu de son courage,
Se plaint de sa grandeur, qui l'attache au rivage.
Epit. 4.

Note 6, page 144, col. 1.

Turns from his victims to his glees,

And has them both well exec: ted.

How amply these two propensities of the Noble Lord would have been gratified among that ancient people of Etruria, who, as Aristotle tells us, used to whip their slaves once a year to the sound of flutes!

Note 8, page 148, col. 1.

Till five o'clock brings on that hour so momentous. Had Mr Bob's Dinner Epistle been inserted, I was prepared with an abundance of learned matter to illusscientia trate it, for which, as indeed, for all my

popinæ, I am indebted to a friend in the Dublin University,-whose reading formerly lay in the magic line; but in consequence of the Provost's enlightened alarm at such studies, he has taken to the authors de re cibaria» instead; and has left Bodin, Remigius, Agrippa, and his little dog Filiolus, for Apicius, Nonius, and that most learned and savoury jesuit, Bulengerus.

Note 9, page 151, col. 2.

Here break we off, at this unhallow'd name. «Live bullion, says merciless Bob, which I think Would, if coin'd with a little mint sauce, be delicious!» The late Lord C. of Ireland had a curious theory about names;-he held that every man with three Mr Bob need not be ashamed of his cookery jokes, names was a jacobin. His instances in Ireland were when he is kept in countenance by such men as Cicero, numerous:-viz. Archibald Hamilton Rowan, Theobald St Augustine, and that jovial bishop, Venantius For Wolfe Tone, James Napper Tandy, John Philpot Cur-tunatus. The pun of the great orator upon the jus ran, etc. etc. and, in England, he produced as examples Charles James Fox, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Jolin Horne Tooke, Francis Burdett Jones, etc. etc. The Romans called a thief homo trium literarum,"

Verrinum, which he calls bad hog broth, from a play upon both the words, is well known; and the Saint's puns upon the conversion of Lot's wife into salt are equally ingenious:—. In salem conversa hominibus fidelibus quoddam præstitit condimentum, quo sapiant aliquid, unde illud caveatur exemplum.-De Civitat. Dei, lib. 16, cap. 30.-The jokes of the pious favourite of Queen Radagunda, the convivial Bishop Venantius, may be found among his poems, in some lines against a cook who had robbed him. The following is similar to Cicero's pun.

Plus jucella Coci quam mea jura valet.

See his poems, Corpus Pætar. Latin. Tom. 2, p. 1732. -Of the same kind was Montmaur's joke, when a dish was spilt over him—« summum jus, summa injuria ; * and the same celebrated parasite, in ordering a sole to be placed before him, said,

Eligi cui dicas, tu mihi sola places.
Seneca.

The reader may likewise see, among a good deal of kitchen erudition, the learned Lipsius's jokes on cutting up a capon, in his Saturnal. Sermon. lib. 3, cap. 2. Note 10, page 157, col. a

Upon singing and cookery, BOBBY, of course,
Standing up for the latter Fine Art in full force.
Cookery has been dignified by the researches of a
Bacon (see his Natural History, Receipts, etc.); and

takes its station as one of the Fine Arts in the follow-¦
ing passage of Mr Dugald Stewart.— Agreeably to
this view of the subject, sweet may be said to be in-
trinsically pleasing, and bitter to be relatively pleasing;
which both are, in many cases, equally essential to
those effects, which, in the art of cookery, correspond
to that composite beauty, which is the object of the
painter and of the poet to create. » — - Philosophical
Essays.

Tom Crib's Memorial to Congress.

Αλλ' ουχ' οιοι ΠΥΚΤΙΚΗΣ ΠΛΕΟΝ ΜΕΤΕΧΕΙΝ τους πλουσίους επισημη τε και εμπειρία Η
ΠΟΛΕΜΙΚΗΣ; Εγω ερη.

PLATO de Rep. lib. 4.

. If any man doubt the significancy of the language, we refer him to the third volume of Reports, set forth by the learned
in the laws of Canting, and published in this tongue..

BEN JONSON.

PREFACE.

should not have presumed to interfere with a historian so competent. But, as his researches into antiquity have gone no farther than the one valuable specimen of erudition which I have given above, I feel the less hesitation

long to have such influence upon the affairs of the world, I have, for some time past, been employed in a voluminous and elaborate work, entitled A Parallel between Ancient and Modern Pugilism, which is now THE Public have already been informed, through the in a state of considerable forwardness, and which I medium of the daily prints, that, among the distin- hope to have ready for delivery to subscribers on the guished visitors to the Congress lately held at Aix-la-morning of the approaching fight between Randall Chapelle, were Mr BOB GREGSON, Mr GEORGE COOPER, and Martin. Had the elegant author of Boxiana exand a few more illustrious brethren of THE FANCY. Ittended his inquiries to the ancient state of the art, I had been resolved at a Grand Meeting of the Pugilistic Fraternity, that, as all the milling Powers of Europe were about to assemble, personally or by deputy, at Aix-la-Chapelle, it was but right that THE FANCY should have its representatives there as well as the rest, and these gentlemen were accordingly selected for that high and honorable office. A description of this Meeting, of the speeches spoken, the resolutions, etc. etc. has been given in a letter written by one of the most eminent of the profession, which will be found in the Appendix, The variety of studies necessary for such a task, and No. I. Mr CRIB's Memorial, which now for the first time the multiplicity of references which it requires, as well meets the public eye, was drawn up for the purpose of to the living as the dead, can only be fully appreciated being transmitted by these gentlemen to Congress; and, by him who has had the patience to perform it. Alteras it could not possibly be in better hands for the en-nately studying in the Museum and the Fives Courtforcement of every point connected with the subject, there is every reason to hope that it has made a suitable impression upon that body.

The favour into which this branch of Gymnastics, called Pugilism (from the Greek muž, as the author of Boxiana learnedly observes), has risen with the Public of late years, and the long season of tranquillity which we are now promised by the new Millennarians of the Holy League, encourage us to look forward with some degree of sanguineness to an order of things, like that which PLATO and TOM CRIB have described (the former in the motto prefixed to this work, and the latter in the interesting Memorial that follows), when the Milling shall succeed to the Military system, and THE FANCY will be the sole arbitress of the trifling disputes of mankind. From a wish to throw every possible light on the history of an Art, which is destined ere

novos decerpere flores, Insignemque meo capiti petere inde coronam, Unde prius nulli velarint tempora Musɛ.1

LECRET. lib. 4. v. 3.

passing from the Academy of Plato to that of Mr Jackson-now indulging in Attic flashes with Aristophanes, and now studying Flash in the Attics of Cock Court3 — between so many and such various associations has my mind been divided during the task, that sometimes, in my bewilderment, I have confounded Ancients and Moderns together,-mistaken the Greek of St Giles's for that of Athens, and have even found myself tracing Bill Gibbons and his Bull in the taurum tibi, pulcher Apollo, of Virgil. My printer, too, has been affected

To wander through THE FANCY's bowers,

To gather new, unheard-of flowers,
And wreathe such garlands for my brow,

As Poet never wreathed till now!

The residence of the Nonpareil, Jack Randall,-where, the day after his last great victory, he held a levee, which was attended, of course, by all the leading characters of St Giles's.

with similar hallucinations. The Mil. Glorios. of Plau-rived to drag; and whence, also, a flash etymologist tus he converted, the other day, into a Glorious Mill; might contrive to derive opaua, drama, Thespis having and more than once, when I have referred to Tom. prim. first performed in a drag.' This chapter will be found or Tom. quart. he has substituted Tom Crib and Tom highly curious; and distinguished, I flatter myself, by Oliver in their places. Notwithstanding all this, the much of that acuteness which enabled a late illustrious work will be found, I trust, tolerably correct; and Professor to discover that our English Son of a Gun, as an Analysis of its opening Chapters may not only was nothing more than the Ilais гuvns (Dor.) of the gratify the impatience of the Fanciful World, but save Greeks. my future reviewers some trouble, it is here given as succinctly as possible.

Chap. 4 enumerates the many celebrated Boxers of antiquity.- Eryx (grandson of the Amycus already Chap. 1 contains some account of the ancient in- mentioned), whom Hercules is said to have finished ventors of pugilism, Epeus and Amycus.-The early in style.-Phrynon, the Athenian General, and Autoexploit of the former, in milling his twin-brother, in lycus, of whom, Pausanias tells us, there was a statue ventre matris, and so getting before him into the world, in the Prytaneum-The celebrated Pugilist, who, at the as related by Eustathius on the authority of Lycophron. very moment he was expiring, had game enough to -Amycus, a Royal Amateur of THE FANCY, who chal- make his adversary give in; which interesting circumlenged to the scratch all strangers that landed on his stance forms the subject of one of the Pictures of shore.-The Combat between him and Pollux (who, to Philostratus, Icon. lib. 2, imag. 6,-and above all, use the classic phrase, served him out), as described by that renowned Son of the Fancy, Melancomas, the faTheocritus,' Apollonius Rhodius, 2 and Valerius Flaccus.3 vourite of the Emperor Titus, in whose praise Dio -Respective merits of these three descriptions.-Theo- Chrysostomus has left us two elaborate orations.3— critus by far the best; and, altogether, perhaps, the The peculiarities of this boxer discussed-his power of most scientific account of a Boxing-match in all anti-standing with his arms extended for two whole days, quity.-Apollonius ought to have done better, with without any rest (vatos ny, says Dio, xa do nepas such a model before him; but, evidently not up to the | έξης μενειν ανατετακως τας χείρας, και ουκ αν είδεν thing (whatever Scaliger may say), and his similes all | ουδείς ύρεντα αυτόν η αναπαυσάμενον ώσπερ ειώθασι. slum.4—Valerius Flaccus, the first Latin Epic Poet after Orat. 28), by which means he wore out his adversary's Virgil, has done ample justice to this Set-to; feints, bottom, and conquered without either giving or taking. facers, and ribbers, all described most spiritedly. This bloodless system of milling, which trusted for victory to patience alone, has afforded to the orator, Themistius, a happy illustration of the peaceful conquests which he attributes to the Emperor Valens,3

Chap. 2 proves that the Pancratium of the ancients, as combining boxing and wrestling, was the branch of their Gymnastics that most resembled our modern Pugilism; cross-buttocking (or what the Greeks called υποσκελίζει») being as indispensable an ingredient as nobbing, flooring, etc. etc.-Their ideas of a stand-up fight were very similar to our own, as appears from the το παίειν αλλήλους ΟΡΘΟΣΤΑΔΗΝ of Lucian, περι Topaz.

Chap. 3 examines the ancient terms of THE FANCY, as given by Pollux (Onomast. ad. fin. lib. 3.) and others; and compares them with the modern.-For example, azety, to throttle-λytet, evidently the origin of our word to lug―zyzupitv, to anchor a fellow (see Grose's Greek Dictionary, for the word anchor)— opzooty (perf. pass. dropauzi), from which is de

1 Idyl. 22.

Argonaut. lib. 2. 3 Lib. 4.

Except one, BoUTUROS oix, which is good, and which Fawkes, therefore, has omitted. The following couplet from his translation is, however, fanciful enough :

So from their batter'd cheeks loud echoes sprung,
Their dash'd teeth crackled and their jaw-bones rung.
Emicat hic, dextramque parat, dextramque minatur
Tyndarides; redit huc oculis et pondere Bebrys
Sic ratus: ille autem celeri rapit ora sinistra.

Lib. 4. v. 390.
We have here a feint and a facer together. The manner in which
Valerius Flaccus describes the multitude of blackguards that usually
assemble on such occasions, is highly poetical and picturesque he
supposes them to be Shades from Tartarus:-

Et pater orantes casorum Tartarus embras
Nube cava tandem ad merita spectacula pugnæ
Emittit; summi nigreseunt culmina montis.

V. 258.

2 The following words, in which Dio so decidedly prefers the art of the Boxer to that of the soldier, would perhaps have been a still more significant motto to Mr Crib's Memorial than that which I have chosen from Plato: Και καθόλου δε εγωγε τούτο της εν τοις πολέμοις αρετης προκρίνω.

3 Ην τις επι των προγόνων των ἡμετέρων πύκτης ανηρ, Μελαγκο μας όνομα αυτῷ ........ ούτος ουδένα πωποτε τρώσας, ουδε παταξας, μονη τη ςάσει και τη των χειρών αναςάσει παντας απέκναις τους αντιπα λους.—THEMIST. Orat. περι Ειρήνης.

4 Kent's Weekly Dispatch.

tan, in the battle between him and Capaneus, so minutely and vividly described by Statius, Thebaid. lib. 6.

sed non, tamen, immemor artis,

Adversus fugit, et fugiens tamen ictibus obstat,1

And it will be only necessary to compare together two
extracts from Boxiana and the Bard of Syracuse, to see
how similar in their manœuvres have been the millers of
all ages- The Man of Colour, to prevent being fibbed,
grasped tight hold of Carter's hand»2—(Account of the
Fight between Robinson the Black and Carter), which,
(translating λιλαιόμενος, << the Lily-white, 3) is almost
word for word with the following:

Ητοι όγε ρεξαι τι λιλαιόμενος μέγα έργον
Σκαιη μεν σκαιην Πολυδεύκεος ελλαβε χειρα.
THEOCRIT.

Chap. 6 proves, from the jawing-match and Set-to between Ulysses and the Beggar in the 18th Book of the Odyssey, that the ancients (notwithstanding their dixxix pxxovtory, or Laws of Combatants, which, Artemidorus says in his chap. 33, nɛρɩ Movoμax. extended to pugilism as well as other kinds of combats) did not properly understand fair play; as Ulysses is here obliged to require an oath from the standers-by, that they will not deal him a sly knock, while he is cleaning out the mumper~

Μη τις επ' Ιρω ηρα φέρων εμε χειρι παχειή Πληξη ατασθαλλων, τούτῳ δε με ιρι δάμασσῃ. Chap. 7 describes the Cestus, and shows that the Greeks, for mere exercise of sparring, made use of muffles or gloves, as we do, which they called spatpat. This appears particularly from a passage in Plato, de Leg. lib. 8, where, speaking of training, he says, it is only by frequent use of the gloves that a knowledge of stopping and hitting can be acquired. The whole passage is curious, as proving that the Divine Plato was not altogether a novice in the Fancy lay 4-Kat is τατα του όμοιου, αντί ἱμαντων ΣΦΑΙΡΑΣ αν περιειδούμεθα, όπως αἱ ΠΛΗΓΑΙ τε και αἱ ΤΩΝ ΠΛΗΓΩΝ ΕΥΛΑΒΕΙΑΙ διεμελετώντο εις τι δυνατον ἱκαvos.—These muffles were called by the Romans sacculi, as we find from Trebellius Pollio, who, in describing a triumph of Gallienus, mentions the Pugiles sacculis non veritate pugilantes..

Chap. 8 adverts to the pugilistic exhibitions of the Spartan ladies, which Propertius has thus commemorated

Pulverulentaque ad extremas stat fœmina metas,
Et patitur duro vulnera pancratio;

Nunc ligat ad cæstum gaudentia brachia loris, etc. etc.
Lib. 3, el. 14.

stance recorded in Boxiana:- George Madox, in this battle, was seconded by his sister, Grace, who, upon its conclusion, tossed up her hat in defiance, and offered to fight any man present ;—also the memorable challenge, given in the same work (vol. i, p. 300), which passed between Mrs Elizabeth Wilkinson of Clerkenwell, and Miss Hannah Hyfield of Newgate-Market-another proof that the English may boast many a dolce guerriera as well as the Greeks.

Chap. 9 contains Accounts of all the celebrated Settos of antiquity, translated from the works of the different authors that have described them,-viz. the famous Argonautic Battle, as detailed by the three poets mentioned in chap. 1,-the Fight between Epeus and Euryalus, in the 23d Book of the Iliad, and between Ulysses and Irus in the 18th Book of the Odyssey—the Combat of Dares and Entellus in the 5th Eneid-of Capaneus and Alcidamus, already referred to, in Statius, and of Achelous and Hercules in the 9th Book of the Metamorphoses; though this last is rather a wrestlingbout than a mill, resembling that between Hercules' and Antæus in the 4th Book of Lucan. The reader who is auxious to know how I have succeeded in this part of my task, will find, as a specimen, my translation from Virgil in the Appendix to the present work, No. 2.

in

Chap. 10 considers the various arguments for and against Pugilism, advanced by writers ancient and modern.-A strange instance of either ignorance or wilful falsehood in Lucian, who, in his Anacharsis, has represented Solon as one of the warmest advocates for Pugilism, whereas we know from Diogenes Laertius that that legislator took every possible pains to discourage and suppress it.-Alexander the Great, too, tasteless enough to prohibit THE FANCY (Plutarch in Vit.).—Galen many parts of his works, but particularly in the Hortat. ad Art. condemns the practice as enervating and pernicious.3-On the other side, the testimonies in its favour, numerous.-The greater number of Pindar's —and Isocrates, though he represents Alcibiades as Nemean Odes written in praise of pugilistic champions; despising the art, yet acknowledges that its professors were held in high estimation through Greece, and that those cities, where victorious pugilists were born, became illustrious from that circumstance;3 just as Bristol has been rendered immortal by the production of such he roes as Tom Crib, Harry Harmer, Big Ben, Dutch Sam, etc. etc.-Ammianus Marcellinus tells us how much that religious and pugnacious Emperor, Constantius,

Though wrestling was evidently the favourite sport of Hercules, we find him, in the Alcestes, just returned from a Bruising-march ; and it is a curious proof of the superior consideration in which these arts were held, that for the lighter exercises, he tells us, horses aloue

and, to prove that the moderns are not behind-hand with the ancients in this respect, cites the following in-were the reward, while to conquerors in the higher games of pugil

1 Yet, not unmindful of his art, he bies,

But turns his face, and combats as he flies.

LEWIS.

A manœuvre, commonly called Tom Owen's stop. The Flash term for a uegro, and also for a chimney-sweeper. Another philosopher, Seneca, has shown himself equally flash on the subject, and, in his 13th Epistle, lays it down as an axiom, that no pugilist can be considered worth any thing, til! he has had his peepers taken measure of for a suit of mourning, or, in common language, has received a pair of black eyes. The whole passage is edifying: Non potest athleta magros spiritus ad certamen afferre, qui nunquam sugillatus est. Ille qui videt sanguinem suum, cujus dentes crepuerunt sub pugno, ille qui supplantatus adversarium toto tulit corpore, nec projecit animum projecius, qui quoties cecidit contumacior resurrexit, cum magna spe descendit ad pugnam..

ism and wrestling, whole herds of cattle (with sometimes a young lady into the bargain) were given as prizes.