LIST OF TABLES. PUBLIC SCHOOL PUPILS GENERAL INVESTIGATION. Page. TABLE 1. Grade and age-Number of pupils of each age in each grade, by sex. 299-301 2. Race, sex, and grade-Number of pupils of each sex in each grade, by general nativity and race of father of pupil.... 302-305 3 Race, sex, and age, by grade-Number of pupils of each age in each 4. Race and grade, by age-Number of pupils of each specified age in each grade, by general nativity and race of father of pupil..... 338-352 5. Race distribution in each grade-Percentages. 353 354 PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS IN ELEMENTARY GRADES AND KINDERGARTEN. TABLE 1. Number of teachers in each grade, by sex and general nativity and race... 355, 356 2. Number of teachers engaged in teaching each specified number of PAROCHIAL SCHOOL PUPILS GENERAL INVESTIGATION. 357,358 TABLE 1. Grade and age-Number of pupils of each age in each grade, by sex 359-361 2. Race, sex, and grade-Number of pupils of each sex in each grade, by general nativity and race of father of pupil..... 3. Race, sex, and age, by grade-Number of pupils of each age in each 362, 363 grade, by sex and by general nativity and race of father of pupil. 364-375 4. Race distribution in each grade-Percentages... 376 376 Investigations were made in San Francisco concerning pupils in the public schools, teachers in those schools, and pupils in the parochial schools. The results of these several investigations are presented herewith in a series of tables. The methods of gathering and tabulating the information is explained in the general introduction to this volume. This introduction also gives a description of the resulting general tables and a discussion of the various purposes which these tables are designed to serve. PUPILS IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The number of pupils enumerated as being in actual attendance in the schools of San Francisco on a day early in December, 1908, was 33,547. This number is somewhat less than the average annual attendance for the school year 1908-9, which was reported by the school authorities as 35,541. The difference between the two figures is not greater than that which is frequently observed between the average attendance for all days in the year and that which may occur on a particular day, and the day of enumeration may therefore be considered as a fairly representative day. The divergence between the two figures is not therefore so great as to lead to the inference that any schools had been omitted, and the figures reported to the Immigration Commission may therefore be accepted as a complete statement of the pupils actually in attendance on the day of enumeration, and therefore as a representative picture of conditions generally prevailing in the public schools. Divided by grade the pupils in the San Francisco schools were distributed as follows: In considering this table, attention is immediately arrested by the large number of pupils in the first grade, which stands out conspicu a See pp. vII to xvii. ously from the second and all other grades. In the second grade there are close to 5,000 pupils, a number which, however, gradually diminishes until in the sixth grade there are in round numbers 3,000 pupils, and in the eighth grade 2,000 pupils. A more compact statement of the pupils in the grades is obtained by grouping the primary grades, designating grades 1 to 4 as primary, and grades 5 to 8 as grammar grades, and comparing the resulting figures with each other and with the high-school group, as in the following table: It appears from this table that of all the school children of San Francisco six-tenths are in the primary grades and about one-tenth in the grammar grades, the proportion in the high school being less than 10 per cent. An examination of Table 1 shows that very few pupils enter the San Francisco schools at the age of 5 years or earlier, this number being represented by 157 pupils. At the age of 6 years there are 2,394 pupils. This number is considerably increased at the age of 7 years, and at the age of 8 years, when the compulsory school attendance begins, there are 3,567 pupils. The number of pupils remains in the neighborhood of 3,500 in the succeeding years up to and including 13. With the age of 14 years there is a loss of some 500 pupils, and at the age of 15 years there are only about one-half as many as at the age of 13. The table gives in detail a statement of the ages of the pupils in each grade and thus presents a considerable variety of information. In order to summarize these numerous details it is necessary to resort to the idea that for each grade there is a normal or appropriate age. Accepting this notion, we can readily divide the pupils of each grade into those who are of the normal age and those who are not of normal age. The latter may be designated as "overage" pupils. In the same way the pupils of a given age can be divided into those who have attained the grade appropriate to their age and those who have not done so. The latter are conveniently designated as "undergrade" pupils. Both the overage and the undergrade pupils are designated in current educational discussion as "retarded," but the most frequent measure of retardation is that which attaches to the number of overage pupils. In the table next submitted a statement is given for each of the grades in the elementary schools of San Francisco, which shows the number of pupils who are older than the age appropriate to their grades and the percentage which this number bears to the whole number of |