the goods in England, which when landed there, fuch bond was vacated. And formerly no warrant could be granted for shipping hides, wool, timber, or for any unftamped cards, before bond was given for the due exportation thereof to Great Britain, according to the different acts of parliament. Dyeing drugs which have been imported duty free, are on exportation now to pay 5 per cent. on their value. The duty on goods exported from Ireland, is by the act of cuftoms at the rate of 15. of the value of every 20. but if the native commodities of that kingdom be exported by aliens, double the faid duty is to be paid, or according as the goods are particularly rated. All foreign goods which have paid duty inwards are intitled to a draw-back or debenture on exportation, except callicoes, hollands, or foreign linen, fail-cloth, wrought filks, which are exempted from fuch drawback. Sugars, tobacco, wrought filks, haberdashery and grocery wares, if exported within 12 months after importation by any fubject, or 9 months by an alien, draw back half the cuf tom. In excife and additional duties the whole is repaid, to a wholefale merchant, but it is neceffary that in order to obtain fuch drawback a permit must be taken out, and a copy of the original entry on im portation be produced. The duty on drugs is levied according to the pound'avoirdupoizé, and raw filks pay duty by the great pound

pound containing 24 ounces avoirdupoize. Our trade to Spain, Portugal, and the Mediterranean being very beneficial, I shall under this denomination enumerate fuch particulars as are exported from Ireland, and briefly mention wherein the advantages arifing to us from their trade. Spain, &c. takes from us many articles of the produce. of our country, and otherwise manufactured, and in return we have large remittances in fpecie, for inftance, we send there great quantities of butter, falmon, upwards of 98,000 tanned hides annually, fome pork, and upwards of 10,000 pair of shoes, and many articles of less note; indeed we have from them wine and juice of licorice, the latter could be raised here. To Hamburgh, Norway, and the Baltick, we fend but very few articles, yet it is an advantageous trade, becaufe we import from thence a confiderable number of deal boards, timber of all forts, iron, near 24,000 hundred of undressed hemp annually, and several other articles of naval ftores, which we cannot be without, or fupply ourselves cheaper elsewhere.

Of undreffed flax, there are great quantities imported, in one year to the amount of 134600l. worth, principally from America, about 53870 hundred weight: this article which is of fo much confequence to the linen manufacture, may be raised in great abundance in Ireland with only common care and induftry. The

The great quantities of the natural growth of this kingdom, which are exported, fuch as beef, butter, corn, worfted, raw hides, &c. more than of goods which are compleatly manufactured, is one great caufe of the declining state of our manufactures; fome of our exportations being little removed from the ftate nature has given them to us, so that their real value moftly arifes from the natural produce of the earth, befides the difadvantage of these natural commodities being exchanged for fmall parcels of goods compleatly wrought, the price of fuch being always high in proportion to the labour employed about them, but this evil will diminifh on giving encouragement to Irish artificers in trade.

S A L T.

There are confiderable quantities of falt made in different parts of Ireland, particularly at Waterford and Dungarvan and it is now nearly equal to English falt, though not quite fo penetrating.

RATTEENS.

This woollen manufactory, which is defervedly esteemed, being a light, warm and handfome wear for the winter, and to fuch perfection have the manufacturers of this branch brought it, that they make them equal to the fineft cloth. I have seen fome made at Carrick in the county of Waterford,

at

at 30s. per yard, and of various beautiful colours, as fcarlet, pompadour, brown, black, grey, &c. and the courfe fort is fold fo low as 5s. per yard. It is wove in a loom with four treaddles, like ferges and other ftuff that have the croffing. Some of them are dreffed and prepared like cloths, others are left fingle in the hair, and others napped or friezed, which is brought to a great degree of perfection. There are alfo manufactured in Ireland large quantities of friezes which as they are fold cheap, and are warm, they are much worn in the country.

AGRICULTURE.

It appears upon a view of this kingdom, that the great mountainous tracks of land, particularly thofe in the provinces of Leinster, Munfter and Ulfter, which were formerly overrun with furze, are now greatly improv ed, which is chiefly to be attributed to the cultivation of potatoes, which is highly beneficial to the land by meliorating the foil, and by this means the fides of all the principal mountains yield rye, barley or oats; being planted with potatoes previously, in order to prepare the foil for the corn.

Thofe lands fituated near great cities have been and is still capable of being more improved, by an application of many articles of manure fupplied by all cities and towns, particularly ftreet dirt, for all ftubborn clayey foils, which will be better feparated and

confiderably

confiderably lefs time with this manure, than any other, and is extremely well worth procuring for corn, grafs or garden land, befides afhes of pit coal, foot and the plafter and rubbish of old houfes might easily be obtained, and would answer extremely well,

Such lands as have a turfy fod and not capable of producing barley or other grain, may, by pursuing the following method of planting potatoes, evidently tend to the advantage of the farmer. The turf is to be raised and burnt, afterwards to fet potatoes on the spread afhes, which trench fo deep as to bring up fufficient mould or clay to cover them and to mix with the remaining turf unburned to make mould hereafter. Ground fo managed will produce a good crop of potatoes and afterwards a crop of oats. If the potatoes be fet in January or February, and are of the kidney kind, they may be dug in July or August, when turnip feed may be fown, which will be fit to pull and clear off the ground by the time they plow it for oats; so that in a year and half there may be had three crops out of fuch fort of land. If the. potatoes be dug in September or October, turnip feed then fown, will be fit for pafture of sheep or black cattle till March following, which is the best time of plowing for oats.

Doctor Plot in his Hiftory of Staffordshire, chapter 10, page 82, evinces the truth of this process being advantageous, as does also Mr. Brooke in his pamphlet on the Method

of