joined the Dominicans, and was afterwards Bishop of Forli.

He told this story himself.

Brother Borelli had served with great virtue for many Borelli. years, but once he owned spontaneously that he had taken out a blessed chaplet from a casket and put another in its place. Ignatius only reproved him, but told him for the next offence he should be expelled.

Father Juan d'Avila had led many besides Loarte to enter Juan the Society, of which he had the highest admiration. He d'Avila. said this was the object he had desired to attain during many years; he thought Ignatius was sent and instructed by Heaven to accomplish an immense work; and he compared himself to a child striving to roll a heavy weight from the bottom to the top of a mountain, when a giant comes, who lifting the burden easily, carries it to the top. Juan d'Avila was an admirable man, and probably it was rather his misfortune than his fault that he was confessor to Philip II., over whom he seems to have had but little influence.

When Nadal communicated to Ignatius the regrets of Father Juan that his age and infirmities prevented him from entering the Society, Ignatius replied, 'If he would only P. Flavia. come among us we would carry him on our shoulders as though he were the Ark of the Covenant.'

BOOK III.

THE

WORK OF THE SOCIETY BEFORE THE ATTACKS

OF THE SORBONNE.

1539.-Permission given by the Protestant authorities to the Landgrave of Hesse to marry two wives-The Viaticum of St. Ignatius-Laynez -Frusis-Elia-Achille-Faber-Worms-Ratisbon-Nuremberg — Le Jay-Bobadilla-Ingoldstadt-Salzburg-St. Martha at RomePiazza Altieri-Faber in Spain-Mayence-Cologne-Canisius-Archbishop Hermann-Faber at Louvain-Adriani-Chartreux of Cologne— Mediation of Ignatius with Joam III. of Portugal and the Pope-Physicians in Rome-Grande Chartreuse-Ribadeneira and others sent to Paris-Viterbo-Arrival at the Lombards-Domenech-Banished from Paris-Brouet-Postel-Persecutions-Domenech and Ribadeneira leave Louvain-Mayence-Venice-Rome-Francis of Villanova— Faber, Araoz, and others, well received in Spain-Philip and Maria -Madrid-Michel Torrez-Salamanca-Melchior Cano-Laynez at Brescia-Peace between Francis and Charles-Inquisition in Portugal -Abyssinia-Ribadeneira's illness-Polanco-Death of Luther-of Faber-Bologna-New Persecutions-Letters-Judgment-Dignities refused-Ignatius renounces all direction of women LettersAttacks of Isabel Roser-Letter-Council of Trent-Jesuits thereDeath of Francis I.-Council at Bologna-Retirement of Ignatius proposed-Battle of Mühlberg-Bobadilla-Interim-Otelli-Murder of Piero Farnese-Death of Paul III.-Constitutions-Francis BorgiaLetters Displeasure of Ignatius-Duke of Bavaria-College of Messina-Letter on Ingoldstadt-Vienna-King Ferdinand-Letter to Albert of Bavaria-Pope Julius III.-Sicily-Nadal-Laynez-Ribadeneira-Miona and Polanco-Africa-Laynez-Trent-Olave-SalmeMaurice at Inspruck - Council suspended - Ignatius again wishes to resign-Alcalá-Opposition-Simon Rodriguez-LettersArchbishop of Valencia-Coimbra-Godin-Paris-Ferrara-Borgia at Rome-Cardinal's hat-Oñate-Saragossa-Letter to Duke of Bavaria-Canisius-Antonio of Cordova.

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289

BOOK III.

THE WORK OF THE SOCIETY BEFORE THE ATTACKS OF THE

SORBONNE.

IN the winter of 1539 a document of remarkable significance was signed at Wittemberg; it was not then, indeed, made public, but soon became notorious and undisputed. It was a formal permission to Philip, Landgrave of Hesse, to have two wives, granted for the saving of his conscience,' by Melanchthon, Luther, and Bucer, leaders of that sect which denies the authority of the Church, and declaims against the domination of the Roman Catholic priesthood. Yet no priest, and no Pope, has ever dared to assume such an authority as this; nor has any Pope attempted such arbitrary and audacious control of conscience as the Emperor Charles V., when he professed to annul by his simple act, and for his own convenience, the oath of alliance between the Landgrave of Hesse and the Elector of Brandenburg. Laynez, when he sat in the Council of Trent as General of the Order of Jesuits, said on the subject of marriage- It will never be granted to the Church to diverge from the law of God, or to restrict where God allows.' It was at this time that Ignatius sent his companions to spread the Gospel wherever there seemed the best chance of success.

Mariani gives from the MS. of Father Canisius, kept in the archives of the Gesù, The viaticum of the blessed Father Ignatius, containing five things to be kept in mind by those who go to foreign countries:-1. Remember, my brother, that you are sent by Christ on a pilgrimage; that you are His steward, and a labourer in His vineyard. 2. Take care of yourself, and be always on your guard, because you are surrounded by dangers and enemies. 3. Especially watch over your senses-above all over your eyes. 4. Be the same

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