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building, on account of the establishment, to serve them for a habitation, and they may choose the locality which they may deem most convenient, in order that they may vacate the premises which they now occupy.

ART. 11. They shall not permit any individual of those called de razon (white people) to settle themselves in the establishments while the Indians remain in community.

ART. 12. They will at an early period present a census of all the inhabitants, distinguishing their classes and ages, in order to form general statistics; and they will likewise mention those who are emancipated and established on the lands of said establishments.

ART. 13. The establishments of San Carlos, San Juan Bautista, and Sonoma are not comprehended in the orders of this regulation. The government will regulate them in a different manner; but the administrators, who at different times may have had the management of their property, will be subject to the orders contained in articles 1 and 2.

ART. 14. They will likewise remit an account of all persons employed under them, designating their monthly pay, according to the orders which may have been given, including that of the reverend padres, with the object of regulating them according to the means of each establishment; and these salaries shall not be paid now nor hereafter with selfmoving property.

ART. 15. The administrators will, under the strictest responsibility, fulfil these orders, with the understanding that, in the term of one month, they shall send the information required of them.

ART. 16. Government will continue making regulations respecting everything tending to establish the police to be observed in the establishments, and the manner to be observed in making out the accounts.

ART. 17. For the examination of these accounts, and everything thereto relating, the government will appoint a person with the character of inspector, with a competent salary, to be paid out of the funds of said establishments; and this person will establish his office where the government shall appoint, and have regulations given therefor in due time.

Instructions to be observed by Mr. W. E. Hartwell in the inspection of the establishments of the missions of Upper California.

ARTICLE 1. It being a matter of the greatest importance that the missions be regulated as intended when I published my provisional regulations of the 17th of January last, you will methodize the order which you consider best adapted to obtain the monthly information required, and have the annual accounts of the missions kept; and you will instruct the administrators how they shall organize them.

ART. 2. You will, with prudence and foresight, take an exact account of the self-moving property, and all other property in hand, calculating as near as possible the number of cattle, if it cannot be exactly got at.

ART. 3. In order to examine and count said cattle, you will take along with you a person of probity and information, who will attend to this business; and you will offer him the compensation which you may deem just for his services while the inspection may last.

ART. 4. On presenting yourself at each of the establishments you will

inform the administrator of the object of your arrival, referring to him or manifesting to him the respective orders, so that there may be no legal pretext for not punctually observing them.

ART. 5. If any of the administrators of the missions should make known to you any palpable wants which in your opinion ought to be immediately remedied, you will take the proper steps to do so, although it may be necessary to dispose of some of the produce on hand in the

stores.

ART. 6. Should any of the reverend padres, or other persons employed, make any complaints to you relating to the management of the administrators, you will with due prudence make the decision which you think most just, and use your utmost endeavors to keep up harmony among all classes.

ART. 7. You will exhort the administrators to use all possible economy in the use of provisions, weekly and annual slaughtering of cattle, and crops of all kinds of eatables, in order by all these means to further the progress of these establishments.

ART. 8. You are authorized to regulate the weekly and annual slaugh. tering which it has been customary to make in the missions, taking into consideration the number of calves marked, (annually,) so that the stock of cattle may not diminish.

ART. 9. You will likewise recommend the administrators to be affable in their treatment of Indians, and that the punishment they inflict be moderate and proportioned to their state of uncivilization; and that they (the administrators) see that they frequent divine service, agreeably to the education which they have received.

ART. 10. If any of the administrators should disobey the orders of this government and not fulfil them duly, in spite of the good treatment you give them, you will inform the government by a courier, that it may determine what is to be done; and in case that circumstances should require it, you are authorized to suspend such officer for the time that you may consider necessary; and put the mayordomos in charge in the mean time, in order that the labors of your commission be not paralyzed; and you will likewise inform the government, in order that it may determine what may be convenient.

ART. 11. The government expects, from your zeal, that you will be diligent in your commission, collect all kinds of information, and make the necessary observations for the formation of the police regulations which were promised in those of the 17th already cited.

APPENDIX No. 18.

Regulations of Governor Alvarado respecting the missions of California, obligations of the mayordomos, inspectors, &c., dated March 1, 1840.

Experience having proved in an undoubted manner that the missions. of Upper California, for want of regulations organizing the management of the persons in charge of them, have in a short time suffered reverses and losses of great moment, the many abuses which were found to exist in the adininistration of the property of said missions obliged this

government to issue the regulation of 17th January last year; but as it has been found that those have not been sufficient to root out the evils which are experienced, particularly on account of the high salaries with which the establishments are burdened, and which they cannot support, and being desirous to establish economy and a regular administration until the supreme government determine what it may deem proper, I publish the present regulations, which are to be strictly observed: ARTICLE 1. The situations of administrators in the missions of Upper California are abolished, and in their stead mayordomos are established. ART. 2. These mayordomos will receive the following salaries: Those of San Diego and San Juan Capistrano, $180; those of Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, San Francisco de Asis, and San Rafael, $240; those of San Buenaventura, la Purissima, San Miguel, and San Antonio, $300; those of San Fernando and Santa Frues, $400; those of San Luis Rey and San Gabriel, $420; the one of Santa Clara, $480; and the one of San José, $600.

ART. 3. The former administrators may occupy said situations, provi ded that they be proposed in the manner pointed out by these regulations. ART. 4. The situation of inspector and the office established agreeable to the 17th article of the regulations of the 17th January last year, shall continue, with a salary of $3,000 per annum, and his powers will be hereafter designated.

Obligations of the mayordomos.,

ART. 5. To take care of everything relative to the advancement of the property under their charge, acting in concert with the reverend padres in the difficult cases which may occur.

ART. 6. To compel the Indians to assist in the labors of the commu nity, chastising them moderately for the faults they may commit.

ART. 7. To see that said Indians observe the best morality in their manners, and oblige them to frequent the church at the days and hours that have been customary, in which matter the reverend padres will intervene in the manner and form determined in the instructions given by the inspector to the administrators.

ART. 8. To remit to the inspector's office a monthly account of the produce they may collect into the storehouses, and an annual one of the crops of grain, liquors, &c, and of the branding of all kinds of cattle.

ART. 9. Said account must be authorized by the reverend padres. ART. 10. To take care that the reverend padres do not want for their necessary aliment, and furnish them with everything necessary for their personal subsistence, as likewise to vaqueros and servants, which they may request for their domestic service.

ÁRT. 11. To provide the ecclesiastical prelates all the assistance which they may stand in need of when they make their accustomed visits to the missions through which they pass; and they are obliged under the strictest responsibility to receive them in the manner due to their dignity.

ART. 12. In the missions where the said prelates have their fixed resi dence, they will have the right to call upon the mayordomos at any hour when they may require them, and said mayordomos are required to present themselves to them every day at a certain hour, to know what they may require in their ministerial functions.

ART. 13. To furnish the priests of their respective missions all necessary assistance for religious worship; but in order to invest any considerable amount in this object, they will solicit the permission to do so from government through the medium of the inspector.

ART. 14. To take care that in the distribution of goods received from the respective office to the Indians, the due proportion be observed amongst the different classes and description of persons, to which end the reverend padres shall be called to be present, and they will approve of the corresponding list of distribution.

ART. 15. To observe all the orders which they receive from the inspector's office emanating from the government, and to pay religiously all drafts addressed to them by said conduct and authorized by said govern

ment.

ART. 16. They will every three months send to the respective office a list of the goods and necessaries they may stand in greatest need of, as well for covering the nakedness of the Indians and carrying on the labor of the establishment, as to provide for the necessities of the priests and religious worship, so that comparing these requisitions with the stock on hand, the best possible remedy may be applied. They will take care to furnish the necessary means of transport and provisions to the military or private persons who may be travelling on the public service, and they will provide said necessaries as well for the before mentioned persons, as for the commandants of stations who may ask for assistance for the troops; and send in a monthly account to the inspector, that he may recover the amount from the commissariat.

ART. 18. They will likewise render assistance to all other private individuals who may pass through the establishments, charging them for food and horses an amount proportioned to their means.

ART. 19. They will take care that the servants under them observe the best conduct and morality, as well as others who pass through or remain in the establishments; and in urgent cases they are authorized to take such steps as they may consider best adapted to preserve good order.

ART. 20. They may without any charge make use of the provisions produced by the establishments for their own subsistence and that of their families.

ART. 21. They may employ as many servants as they consider necessary for carrying on the work of the community, but their situations must be filled entirely by natives of the establishments themselves.

ART. 22. Said mayordomos are merely allowed to request the appointment of a clerk to carry on their correspondence with the inspector's office. ART. 23. After the mayordomos have for one year given proofs of their activity, honesty, and good conduct in the fulfilment of their obligations, they shall be entitled (in times of little occupation) to have the government allow the Indians to render them some personal services in their private labors; but the consent of the Indians themselves must be previously obtained.

ART. 24. The mayordomos cannot make any purchase of goods from merchants, nor make any sale of the produce or manufactures of the establishments, without previous authority from government. (Second.) Dispose of the Indians in any case for the service of private persons without a positive superior order. (Third.) Make any slaughtering of cattle, ex

cept what shall be ordered by the inspectors, to take place weekly, extraordinarily, or annually.

Obligations of the Inspectors.

ART. 25. To make all kinds of mercantile contracts with foreign vessels and private persons of the country for the benefit of the missions.

ART. 26. To provide said establishments with the requisite goods and necessaries mentioned in the lists of the mayordomos, taking into consideration the stock of each establishment.

ART. 27. To draw bills for the payment of the debts contracted by his office and those already due by the establishments.

ART. 28. He shall be the ordinary conductor of communication between the government and the subaltern officers of said missions, as well as between all other persons who may have to apply to government respecting any business relative to said establishments.

ART. 29. He will pay the salaries of the mayordomos and other servants, take care that they fulfil their obligations, and propose to government, in conjunction with the reverend padres, the individuals whom they may consider best qualified to take charge of the missions.

ART. 30. He will determine the number of cattle to be killed weekly, annually, or on extraordinary occasions.

ART. 31. He will form the interior regulations of his office, and propose to government the subalterns which he may judge necessary for the proper management thereof.

General orders.

ART. 32. All merchants and private persons who have any claims on said missions, will in due time present to the inspector an account of the amounts due to them, with the respective vouchers, in order that the government may determine the best manner of settling them, as the circumstances of said mission may permit.

ART. 33. With respect to the missions of San Carlos, San Bautista, Santa Cruz, La Solidad, and San Francisco Solano, the general government will continue regulating them as circumstances may permit.

ART. 34. Officers and magistrates of all kinds are at liberty to manifest to government the abuses they may observe in those charged with fulfilling these regulations, so that a quick remedy may be applied.

ART. 35. The government, after previously hearing the opinions of the reverend padres, will arrange matters respecting the expenses of religious worship and the subsistence of said padres, either by fixing a stated amount for both objects, or in some other manner which may be more convenient towards attending to their wants.

ART. 36. All prior regulations and orders conflicting with the present are annulled; and if any doubt occur respecting their observance, the gov ernment will be consulted through the established channel.

ART. 37. During the defect or temporary absence of the mayordomos, the reverend padres will in the mean time take charge of the establish

ments.

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