1. ORIGIN OF THE KINGDOMS OF WESTERN EUROPE (IN FOUR COMPARTMENTS)

1. EMPIRE OF CHARLEMAGNE.

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To face 93

2. DITTO, IN A.D. 847, as DIVIDED AMONG THE SONS OF LEWIS
THE PIOUS.

3. DITTO, IN A.D. 888, AFTER DEPOSITION OF CHARLES THE
FAT.

4. FRANCE AND GERMANY IN THE TIME OF EDWARD III.

2. CAMPAIGNS IN FLANDERS

131

3. BRITTANY, NORMANDY, AND NORTH-WESTERN FRANCE

209

4. BATTLES OF CRECY AND POITIERS

239

254

5. FORD OF BLANCHE-TACHE

"Entre Port le Grand et Noyelles-sur-Mer, on montre encore le gué de Blanquetaque) Blanque taque signifie tache blanche en patois picard), qui sauva l'armée anglaise quelques jours avant la bataille de Crécy en 1346."—Description historique et pittoresque du Département de la Somme, par M. H. Dusenel et P. A. Scribe. Amiens and Paris, 1836, 2 vols.

"L'armée anglaise partit à minuit d'Oisemont, guidée par Gobin Agache, et arriva vers cinq heures du matin au gué de Blanquetaque. Cassini s'est trompé en plaçant ce gué à l'entrée de l'embouchure de la Somme au-dessus du Crotoy.

"Ce que les marins nomment Blanquetaque, c'est-à-dire tache blanche, est le point le plus apparent de la falaise crayeuse qui forme au dessus de Port une longue bande de couleur blanche. C'est donc à douze ou quinze cent mètres environ à l'aval de ce village que VOL. I.

a

MAP

nous devons placer l'endroit où se trouvait ce passage. Sur
tous les points de la Somme, depuis Port jusqu'au Crotoy, le fond
de la rivière est mobile comme ses flots; chaque marée le creuse
ou l'exhausse alternativement, mais le gué de Blanquetaque n'a
jamais varié. Dans les longues guerres du moyen âge il a toujours
servi de passage aux nombreuses armées qui ravageaient les pays.
Aujourd'hui, comme au temps de Gobin Agache, ce gué ‘a gravier
de blanch marle, fort et dur, sur quoi on peut fermement charrier'
(Froissart), mais maintenant le fleuve est entièrement guéable
depuis Port jusqu'à Noyelles."-Histoire ancienne et moderne d' Abbe-
ville et de son Arrondissement (pp. 119, 120), par S. C. Louandre.
Abbeville, 1834.

6. SOUTHERN FRANCE

PAGE

PORTRAIT OF EDWARD III. (From a Wall Painting formerly in St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster.). . Frontispiece

"The paintings given in outline in this plate, formed the decoration
of the east end of St. Stephen's Chapel, on the north side of the
high altar. They are in two tiers, or series, totally unconnected
with each other. The lower division, which is two feet and an
inch in height, exhibits a row of arches, seven in number, but which
are divided into three compartments, each having its separate
perspective of groins and windows, resembling in some degree small
oratories or chapels. In each arch is a figure in armour, kneeling,
representing the King, Edward the Third, with his five sons, intro-
duced, as it were, to the altar by Saint George, the patron saint
of England. Under each figure has been its name in French, but
of these only Saint George and the King are legible. There can
be little doubt that these were intended for portraits of the royal
family; and it is very much to be regretted that, by some un-
accountable accident, the faces of the four younger princes should
have been completely obliterated, while every other part of the
picture is nearly perfect.

"The face of the King may certainly be called handsome; he probably
was about forty-four years of age when this portrait was painted."
-Account of the Collegiate Chapel of St. Stephen, Westminster.
By John Topham, Esq., F.R.S., folio, Antiq. Society, London.
"The crown of the King who kneels under the adjoining arch
is embossed and gilt; the helmet silvered; its rim, gilt. Mail,
the same as on St. George. His surcoat is quartered with the
arms of England and France; lions embossed and gilt on a red
field, made by glazing red lake on gold; fleurs de lys embossed

and gilt on a light blue field; the scabbard of his sword, black;
that of his dagger, mottled black and gold; handles of both gilt;
swordbelt, black with gilt quatrefoils."--Ibid. page 14.

EFFIGY OF QUEEN PHILLIPPA. (From her Monument in
Westminster Abbey.)

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To face 21

WOODCUTS.

SIR JOHN D'AUBERNOUN, (From a Brass in the Church of
Stoke Davernon, Surrey), illustrating the Armour of the
Commencement of the Reign of Edward III.

To face 1 a, Bassinet. b, Camail, or tippet of ring mail. c, Epauliers, or shoulder-pieces. d, Rerebraces, or brassarts. e, Coudes, or shoulder-pieces. f, Cyclas, underneath which is the jupon and hauberk. g, Jupon, which lies under the cyclas, but over the hauberk. h, Gamborsed or Pourpoint work worn under the hauberk. i, Lower part of the Hauberk, or shirt of mail, the wide open sleeves of which appear next to the coudes. k, Genouillères or knee-pieces. I, Greaves. m, Sollerets of 5 pieces, or lames. n, Prick Spurs. o, Shield much reduced in length from the preceding century. p, Vambraces, or avant-bras, armour for the fore-arm.

ARCHBISHOP STRATFORD.

bury Cathedral.) .

(From his Monument in Canter

a, a, Pallium, or Pall of the Archbishop. b, b, b, the Golden Pins by which it was attached to the chasuble. c, the Chasuble. d, the Amice. e, the Apparel (parure) of the amice. f, Tunic. g, the Dalmatic fringe at the extremities. h, the Alb with its parures. i, the Mitre (Mitra pretiosam). k, the Stole. 7, Maniple. m, Gloves; the hands are broken away. n, the Crozier, or Archbishop's Staff, placed on the right side; a very unusual position. The cross with which it terminated is broken away. o, Sandals ornamented with roses.

COURT OF EXCHEQUER IN IRELAND IN THE 15TH CENTURY. (From the Red Book of the Exchequer Court of Ireland, copied from "Gentleman's Magazine," January, 1855.) Explanation of Figures

1. Figure to the extreme right, the Usher, adjourning the court, and exclaiming À demain.

2. Next to the left, the Lord Treasurer's or Second Remembrancer, whose chief duty was to take care that sheriffs and others who were accountable to the crown, should pay the money collected by them, and perform the other duties incident to their offices. On

183

the parchment placed before him are inscribed the words Recep-
tum fuit vicecomiti per breve hujus Saccarij.

3. To his left, the Chief Remembrancer, who was a principal officer
of the Court, to whom the keeping of the Records was entrusted.
The words in his hand are Memorandum quod decimo die Maii, &c.
4. The next to the left, the Summonister, preparing a writ, the
words on which are Henricus dei gratiâ.

5. The next, the Pursuivant, or Messenger to the Court, with a writ bearing words Exiit breve vicecomiti.

6. To the extreme left (probably), the Marshal.

7. At the foot, on the left hand side, the Treasurer.

8. Above the Treasurer, the Chancellor, exclaiming Voir dire, or, "Speak the truth."

9. Next above, the Baron, giving judgment, Soient forfez, “Let them be forfeited."

10, 11, 12. Plaintiff, Defendant, and Champion with his sword; a trial by combat in a civil case being probably the subject represented.

13. At foot of the table, the Sheriff.

On the table, covered with a chequered cloth, are five counters,
the Red Book of the Court, and baga cum rotulis, or bag containing
records.

COVERED WAY TO PROTECT PIONEERS ADVANCING TO UNDERMINE
WALLS. (From Viollet-le-Duc's "Essay on the Military
Architecture of the Middle Ages." Oxford and London:
J. H. and J. Parker.1)

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To face 199

▲, A Guard. B, A Pioneer. c, The Hoarding. D, The Machicoulis. E, The Platform for a Passage inside the Parapet.

ROUND TABLE.

(From a Miniature of the Fourteenth Century, Bib. Imp. de Paris. "Les Arts du Moyen Âge," par Paul La Croix [Bibliophile Jacob]. Didot, Paris, 1869.) 224 ARCHER WITH SHEAF OF ARROWS. (From Viollet-le-Duc's "Essay on the Military Architecture of the Middle Ages." CROSSBOWMAN WITH SHIeld.

257

(Ibid.)

257

CROSSBOWMEN. (From Viollet-le-Duc's "Dictionnaire Raisonné de l'Architecture Française.")

365

TOWER AT CARCASSONNE. (From Viollet-le-Duc's "Essay on the Military Architecture of the Middle Ages.").

366

BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF CARCASSONNE. (Ibid.)

367

For the loan of this and the six others from this interesting work, I am

indebted to the kindness of Mr. James Parker.