NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH 1. Office of the Director. 2. National Cancer Institute. 3. Division of Infectious Diseases. 4. Division of Physiology. 5. Biologics Control Laboratory. 6. Chemistry Laboratory. 7. Pathology Laboratory. 8. Zoology Laboratory. 9. Industrial Research Laboratory. EXHIBIT H.-Postwar budget and personnel requirements of the National Institute of Health, fiscal year 1946, and first, sixth, and tenth postwar fiscal years THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH HISTORY OF THE INSTITUTE In August 1887 a laboratory of hygiene was established in a single room of the Marine Hospital at Stapleton, Staten Island, N. Y. Here the Public Health Service undertook its first work in bacteriology. Four years later the laboratory was moved to the headquarters of the Marine Hospital Service in Washington, D. C. Early experiments were connected with quarantine work and with the study of cholera, tuberculosis, malaria, typhoid fever, pneumonia, and other diseases encountered by the Service in carrying out its statutory responsibilities. By 1903 research activities of the hygienic laboratory had so expanded that an entire building was made available for this work. Other buildings were added. The name of the institution was changed by an act of Congress (May 26, 1930) to the National Institute of Health. In 1938 the institute was transferred to Bethesda where there are now six buildings to house the National Cancer Institute, the Division of Infectious Disease, the Laboratory of Industrial Hygiene Research, the various other laboratories for research in chemistry, zoology, pathology, and biologics control, and the administrative services. FIELD RESEARCH ACTIVITIES Important public health research is also conducted in field laboratories. Since the first outbreak of plague in San Francisco a laboratory for plague suppressive measures has been maintained in that city. Similarly a laboratory for the study of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and other diseases was established at Helena, Mont., and a laboratory for the exclusive investigation of stream pollution and sewage disposal has been in operation at Cincinnati for many years. Research work on leprosy has been conducted at Honolulu, the island of Molokai, and the leprosarium at Carville, La. These activities are under the supervision of the director of the institute. POSTWAR EXPANSION All the existing laboratory facilities of the institute are in need of expansion to provide room for research in the basic sciences, in new fields of medicine, and in fields not now being explored sufficiently. In addition, there is great need for clinical research in conjunction with laboratory research. For this purpose it is proposed to construct a 500-bed medical center hospital and a 200-bed neuropsychiatric institute and hospital on the institute grounds. In the first of these hospitals studies will be made of patients suffering from nutritional deficiencies, the degenerative disease of middle and later life, infectious diseases, and other conditions of public health interest. In the neuropsychiatric institute researches will be conducted to determine the causes of mental and nervous disturbancesand possible therapeutic measures to relieve or prevent such conditions. GRANTS-IN-AID FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH For the fiscal year 1946 the sum of $91,000 has been requested for cancer grants-in-aid and $100,000 for other public health research grants. Authority for research grants other than cancer has just been given by the Congress (Public Health Service Act of 1944, Public Law 410), and it is planned that this work will be conducted on a small scale until the war in Europe is terminated. VALUE OF RESEARCH GRANTS-IN-AID The value of this method has been successfully demonstrated by the National Cancer Institute, by the Office of Scientific Research and Development, and by outside institutions, and it is felt that the greatest public health advancement can be made in research by the rapid expansion of the grants-in-aid procedures, as soon as scientific personnel becomes available in the universities and other research institutions. An estimate is made of $7,000,000 per annum for these grants beginning in the first postwar year. In accordance with the authority granted in Public Law 410, the grants will be made only for research projects recommended by the National Advisory Health Council after thorough investigations of the projects have been made, and they will be administered under regulations similar to those now in force under the National Cancer Institute Act. EXHIBIT I.-Proposed new construction, extension of existing facilities, replacements, repairs, etc., for the National Institute of Health, first postwar fiscal year (Detail for item B 1 in exhibit A) [In 1943 dollars] Type of facility: Estimated cost $23, 363, 827 6, 195, 000 $5, 180, 000 845, 000 170, 000 (a) New 500-bed medical center hospital and housing facilities. (1) 500-bed hospital.. (2) Nurses' home.. (3) Interns' home. diseases___. (b) New institute and hospital for study of nervous and mental (c) New construction for dental research_. (d) New construction for industrial hygiene research.. (f) Miscellaneous: Virus and infectious diseases unit, animal (g) Housing facilities. (1) 12 duplex quarters and 2 apartment house 35 families. (2) Quarters for chief mechanics_ (3) Quarters for laboratory at Hamilton, 4, 500, 000 1, 019, 020 732, 320 2, 456, 200 2, 919, 635 1, 447, 460 70,000 (2) Acquisition of additional land at Bethesda, Md., for (j) Regional research laboratory buildings and facilities needed (1) Plague suppressive measures labora tory. (2) Malaria. (3) Other tropical diseases 422, 192 250,000 3, 172, 000 $690, 000 600, 000 1, 882, 000 250,000 (k) Acquisition of land for regional laboratories in San Fran cisco ($175,000) and in Memphis ($75,000)1- 1 Provisional estimate; further study of site requirements and costs needed. THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE CREATED IN 1937 In 1937 the National Cancer Institute was created by act of Congress. Constituting one of the major divisions of the National Institute of Health, it is housed in a separate building and has its own director. The act empowers the Surgeon General, in cooperation with a National Advisory Cancer Council, to: 1. Conduct, assist, and foster research. 2. Provide training and instruction in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. 3. Provide research fellowships in the institute. 4. Secure for the institute consultative services and advice of cancer experts from the United States and abroad. 5. Cooperate with State health agencies in the prevention, control, and eradication of cancer. 6. Procure, use, and lend radium to other agencies and institutions. |