of district courts.

Jurisdiction as will be just compensation for such necessaries or storage space, and jurisdiction is hereby conferred on the United States District Courts to hear and determine all

c. 15 [p. 517]; Act to suspend for a limited time the operation of an act entitled "An act for regulating and limiting the price of labor and of sundry articles of produce, manufacture, and trade, and to prevent forestalling, regrating, and engrossing," id. June 22, 1778, c. 34 [p. 529]; Act further to suspend the operation of an act entitled "An act for regulating and limiting the price of labor and of sundry articles of produce, manufacture, and trade, and to prevent forestalling, regrating, and engrossing," id. October 7, 1778, c. 42 [p. 530]; Act further to suspend the operation of an act for regulating and limiting the price of labor and of sundry articles of produce, manufacture, and trade, and to prevent forestalling, regrating, and engrossing, id. December 3, 1778, c. 5 [p. 531]; Act for limiting the prices of various articles and to prevent the withholding from sale of the necessaries of life, id. December 21, 1779, c. 12 [p. 541]: Act for procuring provisions for the use of the army and other supplies for carrying on the id. December 25, 1779, c. 17 [p. 547]; Act to suspend the operation of an act entitled "An act for limiting the prices of various articles, and to prevent the withholding from sale of the necessaries of life," id. February 26, 1780, c. 24 [p. 553]; Supplemental act to the act entitled An act for procuring provisions for the use of the army and other supplies for carrying on the war," etc, etc., id. March 18, 1780 c. 33 [p. 554]; Act for the more speedy and effectual procurement of supplies for the army, id. December 4, 1780, c. 3 [p. 562]; Act to repeal sundry acts restraining the trade and commerce of this state, June 8, 1781, N. J. Laws, V. 2, p. 195 [p. 581]; Act to repeal the several acts made and providing for the clothing of the troops belonging to this state in the service of the United States and for other purposes, October 5, 1781, id. p. 218 [p. 581].

war,

For act giving power to remove stores to prevent their falling into the hands of the enemy, see Act to restrain the exportation of pitch, tar, turpentine and othe naval stores, from the state of New Jersey, Acts of the State of New Jersey, Sept. 20, 1777, c. 42 [p. 500].

New York: See Act to secure supplies of shoes and stockings for the troops raised under the direction of the state [the act in effect authorizes placing a compulsory order], 1778, 1 Cook's N. Y. Laws 24 [p. 585]; Act for regulating impresses of forage and carriages and for billeting troops within this state, 1778, id. 55 [p. 587]; Act to regulate the wages of mechanics and laborers, the prices of goods and commodities and the charges of innholders, within this state, and for other purposes therein mentioned, 1778, 1 Cook's N. Y. Laws 71 [p. 600]; Act more effectually to provide supplies of flour, meal, and wheat, 1778, id. p. 92 [p. 605]; Act for procuring an immediate supply of flour for the army, 1779, id. p. 114 [p. 610]; Act to procure a further supply of shoes and stockings, for the troops raised under the direction of this state [the act in effect authorizes a compulsory order], 1779, id. 121 [p. 614]; Act to amend an act for regulating impresses of forage and carriages; and for billeting troops within this state, 1779, id. p. 134 [p. 616]; Act for procuring an immediate supply of flour and peas for the use of the army, 1779, id. p. 145 [p. 619]; Act to revive and amend an act entitled "An act to amend an act for regulating impresses of forage and carriages and for billeting troops within this state and for other purposes therein mentioned, 1779, id. p. 148 [p. 622]; Act more effectually to carry into execution the last foregoing act 1779, id. p. 155 [p. 625]; Act for removing or destroying grain likely to fall into the enemy's hands, 1779, id. p. 160 [p. 626]; Act to amend the act for procuring an immediate supply of flour and peas for the army. 1779, id. p. 160 [p. 626] Act more effectually to supply the army with flour, 1780, id. p. 200 [p. 630]; Act to revive, continue, and further amend the several laws relative to impressing teams, forage, and timber, and fuel, billeting troops, etc., 1789, id. p. 208 [p. 633]; Act for a general

Necessaries

consumption

such controversies: Provided, That nothing in this sec- Proviso. tion, or in the section that follows, shall be construed to for personal require any natural person to furnish to the Government exempt. any necessaries held by him and reasonably required for

limitation of prices. and to prevent engrossing and withholding, within this state, 1780, id. p. 210 [p. 640]; Act authorizing the person administering the government of this state, to grant warrants of impress, 1780, id. p. 264 [p. 642]; Act to procure supplies for the use of the army, and to prevent a monopoly of cattle within this state, and more effectively to prevent supplies of cattle to the enemy, 1780, id. p. 266 [p. 643]; Act to provide pasturage for the use of the army, 1780, id. p. 281 [p. 657]; Act more effectually to draw forth the quota of supplies allotted to this state, and to procure further supplies, etc., 1780, id. p. 292 [p. 659]; Act to continue an act entitled “An act authorizing the person administering the government of this state to grant warrants of impress," 1780, id. p. 298 [p. 663]; Act to revive and further to continue and amend the several laws relative to the impresse 0. teams, forage, timber, and fuel for the use of the army, 1780, id. p. 304 [p. 664]; Act more effectually to collect the deficiencies in assessments of wheat, 1781, id. p. 339 [p. 667]; Act to continue an act entitled "An act authorizing the person administering the government of this state to grant warrants of impress," 1781, id. p. 361 [p. 672]; Act for obtaining a supply of flour for the army, 1781, id. p. 384 (p. 673]; Act for the further direction of the state agent, with respect to forage, and the collection of specific supplies, 1782, id. p. 482 [p. 675).

North Carolina: See Act to amend an act entitled "An act to establish a militia in this state," Sec. XVIII, 24 Clark's Laws of North Carolina, c. 15, 1777, p. 113, 116 [p. 678]; Act for levying a specific provision tax on the inhabitants of this state for the support of the army and navy of this and the United States in the southern department, id. 1780, c. 1, p. 344 [p. 683]; Act to prevent the impressment of boats, wagons, carts and other carriages employed in carrying salt and for other purposes therein mentioned, id. 1780. c. 5, p. 351 [p. 687]; Act to enlarge the powers of the quartermaster general, id. 1781, c. 8, p. 381 [p. 692]; Act to amend an act entitled An act to prevent the impressment of boats, wagons, carts and other carriages employed in carrying salt, and for other purposes therein mentioned, id. 1781, c. 11, p. 383 [p. 693]; Act to enable the governor with the advice of the council of this state, to procure tobacco for the purpose of obtaining arms, and for other purposes, id. 1781, c. 13, p. 407 [p. 695]; Act to compel all persons who have acted as commissaries or quartermasters in the militia line of this state to account for public stores, and for restraining impressments and for other purposes, id. 1782, c. 2, p. 417 [p. 6971; Act for levying a specific provision tax for defraying contingencies and supporting the armies of the United States for the year 1782, id. 1782, c. 8, p. 434 [p. 700]; Act to amend an act passed at the last session of the General Assembly entitled "An act for levying a specific and pecuniary tax," id. 1782, c. 9, p. 437 [p. 704]. See also Act directing the duty of the naval officers. and for prohibiting the exportation of provisions for a limited time, and for other purposes, 24 Clark's Laws of North Carolina, c. VIII, 1781, p. 401 [p. 693].

Pennsylvania: See Ordinance respecting the arms of nonassociators, 1776, 9 Stats. at L. 11 [p. 705]; Act for the regulation of wagons, carriages and pack horses for the public service, 1778, 9 Stats. at L. 181 [p. 712]; Act for the better supply of the armies of the United States of America, 1778, 9 Stats. at L. 189 [p. 716]; Supplemental act to the last named, 1778, id. p. 199 [p. 725]; Act supplemental to "Act for the regulation of wagons. carriages and pack horses for the public service," 1778, 9 Stats. at L. 218 [p. 727]; Act repealing "an Act for the better supply of the Army of the United States of America" and the supplement thereto, 1778, d. p. 283 [p. 736]; Act forbidding the impressment of wagons, 1778, id. p. 287 [p. 737]; Act to

con

seeding also.

Seed for consumption or use by himself and dependents, nor shall any person, firm, corporation, or association be required to furnish to the Government any seed necessary for the seeding of land owned, leased, or cultivated by them.

tinue, as well an Act for the regulation of wagons, carriages, and pack horses for the public service as the supplement, and the further supplement to the said act, 1778, 9 Stats. at L. 302 [p. 743]; Act for supplying the army of the United States and for other purposes therein mentioned, 1779, id. p. 373 [p. 747]; Act to amend an Act for the regulation of wagons and the supplement and further supplement to the said Act, 1779, 9 Stats. at L. 384 [p. 752]; Act for more effectually preventing engrossing and forestalling, etc., 1779, id. p. 421 [p. 765]; Act for procuring an immediate supply of provisions for the purposes herein mentioned, 1779, id. p. 437 [p. 771]; Act for procuring a supply of provisions and other necessaries for the use of the army. 1780, 10 Stats. at L. p. 176 [p. 785]; Act for procuring an immediate supply of provisions for the Federal army, in its present exigency, 1780, id. p. 214 [p. 791]; Act to make more effectual provisions for the defense of this state, 1781, id. p. 361 [p. 812]. See as to impressment of transportation, wagons, and teams, for removing families of persons in the service of the United States. 1781, 10 Stats. at L. 361 [p. 812].

Rhode Island: See authorization to impress wagons, 1776, Laws of Rhode Island, p. 237 [p. 819]; Act .. for the better supply of our troops in the army with such necessaries as may be wanted, December, 1776, id. p. 30 [p. 830]; Act amending an act to prevent oppressions and monopolies, etc., Laws of Rhode Island, March 1777, p. 24 [p. 832]; Act to prevent monopoly and oppression, id. May, 1777, p. 17 [p. 842]; Act repealing the last foregoing, id. August, 1777, p. 7 [p. 851]; Act to provide stockings for the army, id. October, 1777, p. 11 [p. 854]: Act for supplying the army with forage, etc., id. December, 1778, p. 16 [p. 857]; Act repealing the foregoing act, id. January, 1779, p. 5 [p. 859]; Act providing pasturage for cattle for French fleet, id. July, 1780, p. 21 [p. 864]; Act apportioning a beef levy amongst the various towns of the state, id. January, 1781, p. 20 [p. 864]; Act providing teams for the French Army, id. May, 1781, p. 31 [p. 868]; Act apportioning a beef levy, id. July, 1781, p. 9 [p. 869]; Same, August, 1781. p. 36 [p. 872]; Same, December, 1781, p. 28 [p. 876].

South Carolina: See Ordinance to direct the manner of procuring negroes to be employed in the public service, 1776, 7 Stats. at L. 428 [p. 879]; Ordinance to carry into effect the foregoing, 1777, 4 Stats. at L. 394 [p. 886]; Ordinance for the better defense and security of this state, etc.. 1779, id. p. 504 [p. 903].

Vermont: See Act to prevent wrong by impresses, Acts and Laws of Vermont, February, 1779, p. 33 p. 905]; Act for the purpose of procuring provisions for the troops, etc.. id. [p. 907]; See also Act to prevent the transportation of provisions out of this state, id. [p. 906]. Virginia: See ordinance for raising and embodying a sufficient force, for the defense and protection of this colony, 1775, 9 Hening's Stats. at L. 9, 24-25 [p. 915]; Act providing against invasions and insurrections, 1777, id. p. 291, 293 [p. 936]; Act for encouragement of iron works, 1777, id. p. 303 [p. 936]; Act for speedily clothing the troops raised by this commonwealth, and now in continental service, 1777, id. p. 375 [p. 939] Act authorizing the seizure of salt, 1777, id. p. 381 [p. 941]; Act for enabling the public contractors to procure stores of provisions necessary for the ensuing campaign, and to prohibit the exportation of beef, pork, and bacon, for a limited time, 1777, id. p. 385 [p. 945]; Act to enable the Governor and Council to supply the armies and navies of the United States, and of their allies, with grain and flour, 1778, id. p. 584 [p. 955]; Act for more effectually supplying the officers, soldiers, and sailors of the commonwealth, with the articles necessary for their comfortable accommodation, 1779, 10 Hening's Stats. at L. 71; Act continuing an act for supplying grain and flour to allies, supra, 1779, id. p. 107 [p. 957]; Same, 1779, id. p. 142 [p. 958]; Act to embody militia for

sale, etc..

of

SEC. 11. That the President is authorized from time Purchase. to time to purchase, to store, to provide storage facilities food necessafor, and to sell for cash at reasonable prices, wheat, flour, States.

the relief of South Carolina, and for other purposes, 1780, id. p. 221, 224 [p. 962]; Act for procuring a supply of provisions, and other necessaries for the use of the army, 1780, id. p. 233 [p. 963]; Act for recruiting this state's quota of troops to serve in the continental army, 1780, id. p. 326, 335 [p. 969]; Act for supplying the army with clothes, provisions, and wagons, 1780, id. p. 338 [on the principle of a compulsory order] [p. 969]; Act. to revive and amend the act entitled "An act for procuring a supply of provisions and other necessaries for the use of the armies, 1780, id. p. 344 [p. 975]; Act to remedy inconveniences arising from interruption in execution of an act for recruiting this state's quota of troops for service in the continental army, and an act for supplying the army with clothes, provisions, and wagons, 1781, id. p. 393 [p. 979]; Act for giving certain powers to the governor and council, and for punishing those who shall oppose the execution of laws, 1781, id. pp. 413, 414, 416 [p. 982]; Act to empower the Governor and Council to fix the value of provisions impressed for the use of the army. 1781, id. p. 437 [p. 984]; Act for adjusting claims for property taken or impressed for public service, 1781, id. p. 468 [p. 986]; Act for supplying the southern army with wagons and horses, 1781, id. p. 482 [p. 987]; Act to regulate impresses, 1781, id. p. 496 [p. 988].

Federal Statutes-Merican War.

See Act to amend an Act entitled "an Act to provide for the payment of horses or other property lost or destroyed in the military service of the United States," approved the eighteenth day of January, eighteen hundred and thirty-seven, March 2, 1847, 9 Stats. 154 [p. 1024].

Confederate Statutes-Civil War.

66

See Act relative to telegraph lines in the Confederate States, May 11, 1861, Provisional Congress, Sess. II, c. 9, p. 106 [p. 1026]; Act to amend an Act relative to telegraphic lines of the Confederate states, approved May, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, May 21, 1861, id. c. 36, p. 124 [p. 1028]; Act to regulate the destruction of property under military necessity, and to provide for the indemnity thereof, March 17, 1862, First Congress, Session 1, C. 5, p. 2 [p 1031]; Act to regulate impressments, March 26, 1863, id. Sess. III, c. 10, p. 102 [p. 1033]; Act to amend an Act entitled an Act to regulate impressments by officers of the Army," April 27, 1863, id. c. 44. p. 127 [p. 1038]; Act to amend an "Act to regulate impressments," approved March 26, 1863, and to repeal an Act amendatory thereof approved April 27, 1863, February 16, 1864, id. Sess. 4, c. 43, p. 192 [p. 1046]; Act to authorize the impressment of meat for the use of the Army under certain conditions, February 17, 1864, id. Sess. 4, c. 52, p. 196 [p. 1047]; Act to increase the efficiency of the Army by the employment of free negroes and slaves in certain capacities, Sec. 3, February 17, 1864, id. Sess. 4, c. 79, p. 235 [p. 1049].

Federal Statutes-Civil War.

See resolution providing for the payment of awards of the Commission to investigate the military claims in the Department of the West, March 11, 1862, 12 Stats. 615 [p. 1064]; Act to provide for the collection of abandoned property, and for the prevention of frauds in insurrectionary districts within the United States, March 3, 1863, 12 Stats. 820 [p. 1068]; Act to authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to stipulate for the release from attachment or other process, of property claimed by the United States, and for other purposes, June 11, 1864, 13 Stats. 122 [p. 1075]; Act to amend an Act entitled "An Act to provide for the payment of horses and other property destroyed in the military service of the United States," June 25, 1864, 13 Stats. 182 [p. 1076].

ries by United

Proviso.

Minim 1 m

from

meal, beans, and potatoes:1 Provided, That if any minimum price shall have been theretofore fixed, pursuant to the provisions of section fourteen of this Act, then the price paid for any such articles so purchased shall not rebe less than such minimum price. Any moneys received by the United States from or in connection with the disposal by the United States of necessaries under this section may, in the discretion of the President, be used as a revolving fund for further carrying out the purposes of this section. Any balance of such moneys not used as part of such revolving fund shall be covered into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts.

Authority to take over and operate plants

necessaries, etc.

SEC. 12. That whenever the President shall find it to manufacture necessary to secure an adequate supply of necessaries for the support of the Army or the maintenance of the Navy, or for any other public use connected with the common defense, he is authorized to requisition and take over, for use or operation by the Government, any factory, packing house, oil pipe line, mine, or other plant. or any part thereof, in or through which any necessaries are or may be manufactured, produced, [280] pre

2 See Executive Order No. 2736, October 23, 1917 [p. 187].

Resolutions of the Continental Congress.

See Resolution bestowing authority upon subordinate officers to impress articles named, October 6, 1777, IX Journals of the Continental Congress [Library of Congress] 774 [p. 210].

Revolutionary War Statutes.

Pennsylvania: See Act regulating the impressment of storage for wheat and flour, 1780, 10 Stats. at L. 176 [p. 787].

Virginia: See Act for procuring a supply of provisions and other necessaries for the use of the army, 1780, 10 Hening's Stats. at L. 233, 236 [p. 966].

Confederate Statutes-Civil War.

See Act to prohibit the importation of luxuries or of articles not necessaries or of common use, February 6, 1864. First Congress, Sess. 4, c. 23, p. 179 [p. 1039]; Act to amend an Act entitled An Act to prohibit the importation of luxuries or of articles not necessaries or of common use," approved February 6, 1864, Second Congress, Sess. I, June 14, 1864, c. 56, p. 280 [p. 1051].

1 See Executive Order No. 2681, August 14, 1917 [p. 174].

Revolutionary War Statutes.

Maryland: For act authorizing justices of the peace to sell salt taken from engrossers. see Act for the more effectual preventing forestalling and engrossing, and for other purposes therein mentioned, November Session, 1779, Laws of the state of Maryland, c. xviii [p. 374].