President, Professor Charles R. Richards, Teachers College, New York. Vice-President, Principal Charles F. Warner, Mechanic Arts High School, Springfield, Mass.

Secretary, Supervisor J. H. Trybom, Detroit, Mich.

THE BUFFALO EXHIBIT.

THE exhibits made in connection with the Buffalo meeting of the Eastern Manual Training Association may well be reported under two heads, the pupils' exhibit and the manufacturers' exhibit. Owing to a number of causes, the pupils' exhibit was small compared with those of previous years. The executive committee had requested that this exhibit be made by means of photographs, and the only examples of actual work were from Akron, O., and Buffalo. Mt. Vernon, N. Y., however, sent mounted art work representing all grades, including the high school. Three panels of sewing, three of woodwork, and several folios of mechanical drawings illustrated the work of the Akron schools. This work is done in two periods of one and one-half hours each per month. The large display of the Buffalo schools consisted of photographs, panels, and original models; the photographs showed the group work of the lowest grades and representative rooms and classes at work; some fifteen panels were filled with cardboard, knife-work, bent-iron, and woodwork; original models, being made oftentimes at home, revealed the interest taken in the work, and an understanding of the principles taught through the regular models. Made of rich-toned red and green paper, and touched now and then with appropriate gilt and water-color decoration, the cardboard construction of the fifth and sixth grades was by far the most pleasing and progressive work shown. Manual training is optional in all but the lower grades, and the woodwork of the upper grades represented great freedom of choice on the part of the pupil as to models constructed. A characteristic feature of this work was the variety of the pupils' modifications of a general design, both in regard to structure and decoration. The work of a certain eighth-grade boy forcibly illustrated the contention of Colonel Parker, that what a pupil can do determines what it is best to give him to do. This boy had designed and made during the year a mitered picture frame, a hall bench, a table bookrack, and a lady's writing desk.

The remainder of the pupils' exhibit consisted of photographs: seven of rooms and work from Homestead, Pa.; nineteen from Hartford (Conn.) High School; twelve from Cleveland, O., showing work in all grades; and some fourteen from Teachers College. Among these last, an Indian village, an Esquimaux house and sleds, an Arab encampment, and a tournament of King Arthur's time were illustrations of special interest as showing examples of group work related to other school work of the lower grades.

The manufacturers' exhibit occupied rooms apart from the pupils' exhibit, and attracted fully as much attention as the latter. This exhibit was larger than any like one held in connection with the Eastern Manual Training Association, and its success should lead manufacturers to continue this important feature of the Association's annual meetings.

The exhibits of Ginn & Co. and D. C. Heath & Co. could but reveal the paucity of books of immediate interest and helpfulness to manual-training teachers. This field deserves the attention of publishers and men conversant with the needs and possibilities of manual training.

The large variety of nails made by the American Steel and Wire Co. was illustrated by samples mounted on cardboard and properly labeled. If these cards can be obtained in this form, they would prove a valuable addition to the furnishing of any woodworking room. A press drill and a down-draft forge were exhibited by the Buffalo Forge Co. Keuffel & Esser Co. had a case containing a variety of drafting instruments, scales, curves, slide-rules, pencils, and paper. Hammacher, Schlemmer & Co. placed one of their elementary desk covers where one could actually handle the tools and become convinced as to their adaptability to school needs. The tools commonly used on manual-training benches were displayed in a case. The Stanley Rule and Level Co. also showed a case of several planes, scales, gauges, spokeshaves, mallets, and try-squares. Mack & Co., of Rochester, N. Y., exhibited a case of the D. R. Barton edge tools. Their agent was ready to explain the merits of these tools and to take the names of those interested in receiving samples to test their superiority. The steps involved in the process of forging a carving tool were also illustrated in good form in a panel-case which can be supplied to schools teaching forging. Two of the W. C. Toles' rapid-acting vises were placed on a support in such a manner that their agent could readily demonstrate the working of this special vise.

The largest and most complete exhibit was made by Chandler & Barber, who also had an agent to explain their tools and equipment. A foot-power bandsaw for use in rooms where no other power is available was one of the features of their attractive exhibit. Other features were an adjustable bench, a set of printed drawings for Larsson's sloyd models, a compact outfit for a class of twenty in whittling, an equipment for a manual-training bench, and various publications relating to manual training and sloyd.

The type of problems relating to equipment which the manufacturers' exhibit helps to solve was illustrated by a device submitted by Mr. George Norton, of Philadelphia, which consisted of iron guides serving to increase the durability and accuracy of the common framed wooden vise.

HARRIS W. Moore.

BREVITIES.

WEAVING and basketry as manual-training subjects were given great impetus in Chicago during the summer at two schools for teachers. At the University School of Education Miss Clara I. Mitchell conducted two large and enthusiastic classes of about fifty students each, and at the Prang Summer School Miss Bonnie E. Snow, assisted by Miss Helen Maxwell, gave instruction to about one hundred teachers and supervisors of drawing. Of the results in the latter school Mr. William S. Mack says: "The work was new to most of the students, but since the work of the class ended we have ample evidence that many of the special teachers and supervisors are going to substitute textile weaving in the elementary grades for much of the aimless puttering with paper-cutting and pasteboard exercises that have been given as busy work heretofore."

JOSEPH F. DANIELS has resigned his position as librarian of the State Normal School, Greeley, Colo., to accept a similar position in the Colorado State Agricultural College at Fort Collins. Here he will continue his work in library handicraft,

E. F. KIMBALL, who was an instructor in manual training in the eighth and ninth grades in Hartford, Conn., during the past year, has accepted a position in Fitchburg, Mass.

ALLEGHENY, PA., has two new manual-training equipments this year. Six of the district schools are now provided for. Mr. C. B. Connelly, the supervisor of manual training, is assisted by Mr. John T. Hawthorne, Mr. James T. Glenn, and two teachers of domestic science and art - Miss Mary A. Sanders and Miss Lucy H. Gillette. One new manual-training equipment is being added in Pittsburg this year.

AT Homestead, Pa., the contract has been awarded for the new manual-training school donated by Mr. Charles M. Schwab. The building will cost about $80,000.

IN Saginaw, Mich., the board of education was so well pleased with the results of the manual-training work begun last year in the fifth and sixth grades that it has voted to extend the work to include the seventh and eighth grades. Mrs. Ida Hood Clark, who introduced the work in sewing last year, will supervise both the sewing and the knife-work of the fifth and sixth grades. Miss Helen Westgate, from Teachers College, New York, will teach domestic science in the seventh and eighth grades, and Mr. J. R. Forden, from the University of Illinois, will teach woodworking in the same grades.

GRAND RAPIDS, MICH., adds four new teachers of manual training to its force this year, making a total of ten, of which Mr. George S. Waite is the head. The four new ones are: O. L. Whitcomb, shop-work; Miss Fleta Paddock and Miss Eleanor Temple, cooking; and Miss Helen J. Torey, knife-work.

FOSTER H. IRONS has left Saginaw, Mich., to take a larger field in the South. He has gone to Nashville, Tenn., to become supervisor of manual training. He will be assisted by Miss Bessie Randall, from Toledo, O., who will teach cooking in the seventh and eighth grades. Mr. Irons's first work will be to equip rooms for the uppergrade work; later he will begin normal work with the lower-grade teachers.

MASSACHUSETTS.

THE natural growth of interest in manual training in the public schools of Boston has resulted in the employment of two additional teachers.

WORK on the new Brookline manual-training high school has fairly begun. INTEREST in the handicrafts has taken hold of the summer boys' camps scattered through the lake regions of the coast. Camps Algonquin, on Lake Winnepesauki, Pasquaney, on Newfound Lake, and Idlewild, near by, all have shops with some directing hand in charge. Camp Asquam, under management of Dr. W. T. Talbot, and located at Holdeness, N. H., on Lake Squam, has a large shop with steam power and power drill-press, grindstone, emery wheel, buzz planer, saw table, etc. A lathe and jig saw are contemplated. A blacksmith shop contains a forge and proper tools. Next summer the bench epuipments will be ten in number, and a competent instructor will conduct courses in woodworking, light and heavy bent-iron work, cardboard construction, and possibly basketry.-JOHN C. BRODHEAD.

AN interesting feature of the manual-training work at North Adams, where Mr. Charles H. Stearns is supervisor, is the development and construction of a variety of miniature looms for use in the school. Each pupil is encouraged to think out and then make a loom better than any he has previously used for the kind of weaving he

has to do. It is now proposed that larger looms be constructed which may be used in weaving hangings for the schoolroom.

CALIFORNIA.

THE Cogswell Polytechnic College of San Franscisco has been somewhat reorganized, with a new president from the East. Mr. Leonard E. Davidson, normal graduate in manual training and B.S., Throop Polytechnic Institute, has been appointed instructor in wood, iron, and machine shops.

MISS ELSIE WHITMAN, last year at Claremont, will supervise drawing, manual training, and music in the Covina High School.

CHARLES H. WRIGHT, instructing last year in the Phoenix (Ariz.) Indian School, and formerly connected with Throop Polytechnic Institute, has left the field of teaching and taken up architectural work in Boulder, Colo. Mr. M. Friedman, of Cincinnati, is now in the Phoenix school as head of the manual-training department. MANUAL TRAINING has been placed in the fifth year of the schools in Los Angeles county, work now being carried on in the first five grades. Part II of Educative Hand Work Manuals, paper and cardboard construction, by Arthur H. Chamberlain, has been adopted for use.

MISS EMMA RUSSELL, 'class of '98, has been appointed assistant in sloyd at Throop Institute.

THE second annual summer session in manual training at Throop Polytechnic Institute closed a most successful term August 3. Sixty-seven teachers were in attendance. They came from widely divergent localities; central and northern California, Oregon, Arizona, New Mexico, and the Hawaiian Islands being represented.

RIVERSIDE, Pomona, and Pasadena are contemplating the introduction of manual training this fall. Tulare and Visalia will no doubt soon offer work in manual lines. MISS EDITH PARRISH, supervisor of art work in the schools of San Bernardino, will also supervise the manual training which is being introduced this year.

MR. WALTER A. TENNEY, formerly supervisor of drawing and manual training at Fresno, succeeds Mr. Ronald P. Gleason in the Oakland Manual Training School. MR. F. A. WAGNER, principal of the Redlands school, last year introduced manual training into his school, giving the instruction himself. This year Miss Edith A. Woodsune will teach the manual training. She is a graduate of the State University, also of the California School of Mechanical Arts.—ARTHUR H. CHAMBERLAIN.

BOTH the Wilmerding School of Industrial Arts and the California School of Mechanical Arts, the latter founded by James Lick, were established for the purpose of teaching trades. When it was decided that the Wilmerding School should be located in the city of San Francisco, it became apparent that the efficiency and usefulness of these two institutions would be enhanced by a plan of co-operation whereby they would be made to supplement each other as far as possible and avoid duplication of courses and equipments. The Lick School having made provision for a complete series of machinery trades- pattern-making, molding, machine-shop work, forgework, and machinery drawing- it seemed advisable for the Wilmerding School to devote its efforts more particularly to the building trades.

Following the death of Mr. Schwartz, the Wilmerding School Committee of the Regents of the University decided to carry this plan of co-operation still farther by

placing both schools under the management of the same head-master. Upon the approval of this action by the Regents, Mr. George A. Merrill, principal of the Lick School, was elected director of the Wilmerding School, his services to be divided between the two institutions. This arrangement, however, does not imply or contemplate any merging of the two trusts. Each institution will preserve its identity and complete independence, and the character of instruction in each will be such as the founder prescribed for it in the terms of his bequest.

NEW YORK CITY.

THE value of manual training in philanthropic work has again been demonstrated in the Vacation Schools of Manhattan and the Bronx. These have successfully completed a six-weeks' course under the direction of a committee of the Board of Education, with Dr. A. T. Schauffler as chairman.

The average daily attendance at the schools was 5,884, an increase of about 20 per cent. over that of last year. Of this number it is estimated that about 1,000 attended regularly throughout the course. A feature of this summer's work was the prominence given to drawing, every pupil who used a drawing in any of the industrial courses being required to make it himself. It was found that this had the effect of diminishing the ardor of the students in some degree, as they thought it too much like school. The school buildings and teaching staff provided were found ample for the numbers willing to take advantage of them. The work, on the whole, was regarded as satisfactory; though a lack of experience on the part of many teachers (most of whom were recruited outside of the regular city staff), added to the irregular attendance of the pupils, of course operated as a hindrance to the attainment of the best results.

Besides those in the Vacation Schools, many thousands of children were brought under the influence of good teaching and healthful recreation in the playgrounds, which were under the management of the same committee.

THE rapid growth of the school population of Greater New York is indicated, not only by the growth of new high schools, but by the establishment of high-school "annexes." South Brooklyn is to have two such annexes this fall, one being a branch of the Manual Training High School. Only the lower classes are to be accommodated, and the manual work, in charge of Edwin W. Foster, is to be entirely woodwork, no metal-working equipment having been provided. A change in the course of study allows but six fifty-minute periods weekly, and the benchwork will now extend throughout the first year instead of simply the first half-year as formerly. The amount of time spent at turning is also to be reduced, the turning work to be incidental to and included in the pattern-making.

AT the annual meeting of the Manual Training Teachers' Association of this city, held June 21, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year: president, F. J. Foster, P. S. No. 79; vice-president, W. F. Vroom, P. S. No. 5; secretary, A. W. Garritt, P. S. No. 30; treasurer, H. Peyser, P. S. No. 77.

LARGE and enthusiastic classes in primary- and grammar-grade manual training were a feature in the summer school of Columbia University. In the former class simple weaving, basketry, cordwork, paper and cardboard work, bent-iron work, and elementary wood-working were presented.

THE manual-training graduates of this year's class at Teachers College have secured positions as follows: Oscar L. McMurry, director of department of manual