ALEXIS, natural son of Manuel I.,
blinded by Andronicos I., 83
Alexis, nephew of Manuel I., blind-
ed by Isaac Angelos, 90
Alexis, pretenders, 98, 103
Alexis Contostephanos, a pretender,
Alexis, protosebastos, shares the
government with the Empress
Maria, 66; plot to assassinate
him, ib.; deprived of his sight
by Andronicos Comnenos, 76
Alexis I. defeats Suliman and Wis-
card, 35
Alexis II., accession of, 66; be-
trothed to the daughter of An-
dronicos, 78; crowned a second
time, ib.; put to death by An-
dronicos, 80
Alexis III. deposes his brother
Isaac, 101; assumes the throne
and takes the name of Comnenos,
103; his troubles with the Wal-
lachs, 104; with the Patchinaks,
ib.; with the Comans, 105; with
the Bulgarians, ib.; pretenders
to his throne, 106; his wars with
the Turks, 108; demoralisation
of the Empire during his reign,
110; alleged to have been in
league with a pirate, 112; buys
peace from Henry the Sixth's
crusaders, 130; petitions Innocent
III., 277; sends a deputation to
Boniface's crusaders, 297; his
character, 310; flees from Con-
stantinople, 311; captured by the
Latins, 394
Alexis IV. escapes from Alexis
III., 268; appeals for help to
his brother-in-law, Philip of
Swabia, 269; visits Rome, 274;
sends an embassy to Venice,
275; his restoration agreed to at
Zara, 282; joins the crusaders,
290; ratifies the convention of
Zara, 291; shown to the citizens
of Constantinople, 299; his con-
tract with the crusaders, 314;
associated with his father on the
throne, 315; his difficulty in
paying the money promised to
the expedition, ib., 323; excites
popular hatred, 316; leaves with
Boniface for Adrianople, 317;
falls into contempt, 321; asks
Boniface for a household guard,
329; made prisoner by Mourt-
zouphlos, ib.
Alexis V., see Mourtzouphlos
Alparslan, conquests of, in Georgia
and Armenia, 26; invades Asia
Minor, 28
Andronicos I. makes a treaty of
alliance with Saladin, 46, 138;
character of, 69, 205; amour with
his cousin Eudocia, 70; escapes
from prison, ib. ; refuses to recog-
nise Manuel's nomination to the
succession, 71; escapes from the
Empire, 72; amour with Queen
Theodora, ib.; assists the Turks
to plunder the empire, 73; re-
turns to Constantinople, and is
pardoned, ib.; intrigues for the
throne, 74; deprives the proto
sebastos Alexis of his eyesight,
76; makes himself master of the
capital, ib.; his cruelties towards
his opponents, 77, 83; deter-
mines to marry Alexis II. to his
daughter Irene, 78; has the ex-
empress tried and executed, ib. ;
crowned emperor, 79; murders
Alexis II., 80; lays siege to
Nicæa, ib.; attacks Broussa, 81;
murders the sureties of his nephew
Isaac, 82; public feeling turns
against him, ib.; his reforms,
83; revolt against him, 85; offers
to abdicate, 86; his flight and
capture, 87; outraged and killed
by the populace, 88
Andronicos, a pretender, 99
Anema, tower of, 88
Ani, capture of, 26
Antioch captured by the crusaders,
40
Armenia attacked by Togrul, 25;
conquered by Alparslan, 26
Armenians in Constantinople, 142;
Justinian's 'capitulation' to, 144
Army, deterioration of the, 211
Arnold of Ibelino, his account of
the Egypto-Venetian alliance,
265
Arsen, Armenian city, burnt by
Togrul, 25
Asan, a Wallachian leader, defeats
John Cantacuzenos, 91; assassi-
nated, 104
Asia Minor, present and former
condition of, 27; ravaged by the
Seljukian Turks, 28; Turkish
settlement in, 32; a source of
weakness to the Empire, 49, 200,
399
Asiatic conquests, baneful influence
of, on society in the capital,
Avars, first appearance of, in the
Empire, 53
BALDWIN, Count, brought prisoner
before Isaac II., 90
Baldwin, Earl of Flanders, joins the
fourth crusade, 230; candidature
of, for the throne of Constanti-
nople, 369; supported by Dan-
dolo, 372; declared emperor
and crowned, 376; writes to the
Pope, 379; offends Boniface by
marching to Salonica, 389; sur-
renders Salonica to Boniface,
392; captured by the Bulgarians,
394
Balkan peninsula, former inhabi-
tants of the, 50
Balliol, Russell, scheme of, against
the Empire, 32
Basil II., Bulgaroctone, 55
Bela, king of Hungary, invades
the Empire, 52
Benjamin of Tudela, his impressions
of Constantinople, 180
Bethune, Conon de, his reply to
the messenger of Alexis III.,
298; delivers an insolent message
to Isaac II., 326
Blachern, palace of Manuel I. at,
180
Bohemund attacks the Empire, 134,
161
Boniface of Montferrat appointed
leader of the fourth crusade, 239;
his visit to Philip of Swabia, ib.,
273; connection of his family
with the East, 271; his hostility
to Constantinople, 273; goes on
an embassy to Rome, 274; re-
visits Rome, 276; goes to Zara,
278; takes Alexis IV. to Adria-
nople, 317; asks Mourtzouphlos
to surrender Alexis IV., 333;
becomes jealous of Dandolo, ib. ;
declares for the siege of Con-
stantinople, 336; hailed as king
in Constantinople, 345; his can-
didature for the throne of Con-
stantinople, 367; obtains a con-
cession of territory in case of
non-election, 371; reproached
by Innocent III., 386; quarrels
with Baldwin, 388; besieges
Adrianople, 390; his manœuvre
to alienate the Venetians from
Baldwin, 390; obtains posses-
sion of Salonica, 392; his death,
393
Bosphorus, towers built by Manuel
I. on the, 76; the name, 92
note; passage of, by the crusaders,
300
Branas, Alexis, revolt of, 92 ; in-
vests the capital, 93; his defeat
and death, 94
Bromholme becomes possessed of a
relic from Constantinople, 362
Broussa sacked by Andronicos I.,
81
Bulgarians, first appearance of, in
the Empire, 53; second irruption,
54; ally themselves with the
Wallachs and establish a Wallach-
Bulgarian state, 58; capture
Varna, 105
Byzantine empire, the term, 3
CESAR, the title, 100 note
Camyzes, Manuel, 105, 107
Cantacuzenos, John, blinded by
Andronicos, 77; defeated by the
Wallachs, 91
Cantacuzenos, Theodore, defends
Nicæa against Andronicos I., 81
Capitulations, history of, 144; their
modern form, 146; why they
have lasted in Turkey, ib.; the
existing system a survival from
the days of the Empire, 148
Chenghiz Khan, 402
Clari, Robert de, his account of the
Latin conquest of Constantinople,
244 note
Clement, St., head of, 357
Comans, the, attack the Empire,
56, 105
Comnenos, John, campaigns of,
against the Turks, 42; nominates
Manuel heir to the crown, 68;
his sons blinded, 78; claims the
places captured by crusaders, 114
Comnenos, John, the Fat, a pre-
tender, 106
Conquest, the, beneficial results of,
to Western Europe, 396; its evil
results, 397
Conrad, King, crusade of, 43, 119
Conrad of Montferrat aids Isaac II.
to quell the revolt of Branas, 93;
refuses to go with Isaac to Adria-
nople, 96; assassinated in Pales-
tine, ib., 129; saves Tyre from
the Saracens, 127; claims the
throne of Jerusalem, ib.; story
of his marriages, ib. note; alleged
treachery of Isaac II. to him, 272
Constantine, churches built by,
182; column of, 186
Constantine Angelos, design of,
upon the throne, 97
Constantinople reproduced in Ve-
nice, II, 396; position of, in
regard to the populations of
the Balkan peninsula, 50; diverse
nationalities among the popula-
tion of, 140; did not assimilate
foreign immigrants, 141; the
chief city of the Western world
in 1200, 175; advantages of its
situation, ib.; advantages de-
rived from its being the capital,
and from commerce, 176; the
treasure-house of the East, 180;
its wealth compared with Wes-
tern cities, 181; its principal
buildings, 182; its wealth in
relics, 187, 355; its walls and
cisterns, 189; dwellings of the
poorer class, ib.; a city of
pleasure, 190; learning not ne-
glected there, 194; absence of
interest in religious questions in
the twelfth century, 195; mon-
asteries, 198; sense of security of
its inhabitants, ib.; effeminacy
of the ruling classes, 199; influ-
ence of Asia upon its social life,
200; administration of the
government and of justice, 206;
superstition of the people, 208;
comparison with Turkish Con-
stantinople, 215; the plot of the
crusade leaders against it, 259;
its defences, 303; attacked by
the crusaders, 305; fires in, 318,
320; assaulted and captured, 339;
sacked, 345
Contostephanos deserts with the
fleet to Andronicos Comnenos,
75; deprived of sight, 79
Corfu, the crusaders at, 290
Crusades, disorganisation wrought
in the Empire by, 36; difficulties
in the way of co-operation with
the Empire, 114; decline of the
religious spirit among the cru-
saders, 116; influence of, on the
capture of Constantinople, 132
first, 36
second, 43; its failure attributed
to the Empire, 118
third, 46, 122; in alliance with
the Turks, 47; its failure em-
bitters the feeling of the West
against the Empire, 122
fourth, origin of, 221; the Pope's
zeal in its behalf, 225; preached
by Fulk, 228; the command
offered to Theobald, 229; choice
of Venice as the port of departure,
231; terms made with the Doge,
234; destined for Egypt, 235;
the command transferred to Boni-
face of Montferrat, 239; breach
of the contract with Venice, 242;
diversion of the enterprise pro-
posed, 242; Venetians to take
part in the crusade, 250; influ-
ence of Dandolo, 251; capture
of Zara, 255; quarrel of cru-
saders with Venetians, 256; rea-
sons assigned by contemporary
writers for the diversion, 259;
treachery of Venice, 262; story
of the conspiracy against Con-
stantinople, 267; attack of the
city agreed on at Zara, 279;
deputation sent to Innocent III.,
283; arrival of the expedition at
Corfu, 290; feeling of the army
at the convention of Zara, 291;
arrival before Constantinople,
296; reply to the messenger of
Alexis III., 298; passage of the
Bosphorus, 300; Galata occu-
pied, 301; the imperial fleet sur-
prised, ib.; general attack on the
city, 302; a deputation sent to
Isaac II., 312; the contract with
Alexis IV, 314; Saracen mosque
attacked and the city set fire
to, 320; marauding expeditions,
323; insolent demand on Isaac
II. for payment, 326; siege of
Constantinople agreed on, 336;
prospective arrangements for the
division of the spoil, 337; con-
quest of the city, 340; election
of a Latin emperor, 370
Cyprus seized by Isaac Comnenos,
82; expedition of Isaac II. to,
96; conquered by Richard I.,
ib., 128
DADYBRA capitulates to the Turks,
108
Dalmatia Slavicised, 53
Dalmatius de Sergy obtains the
head of St. Clement, 357
Damascus, failure of the crusaders'
attack on, 122
Dandolo, Henry, his mission to
Constantinople, 168; his feelings
towards the Empire, 233; be-
comes one of the leaders of the
crusade, 250; his character, 251;
directs the seaward attack upon
Constantinople, 305; has an
audience with Mourtzouphlos,
334; refuses to become a candi-
date for the throne of Constanti-
nople, 367, 373; declares in
favour of Baldwin, 372; arbi-
trates between Boniface and Bald-
win, 391; his death, 393
Demetriza, battle of, 90
Despot, the title, 100 note
Doryleon, defeat of the Turks at,
39; refortified, 45
Durazzo captured by the Normans,
133; besieged by Bohemund,
134
EASTERN Church, the Romish differ-
ences with, 115, 131; its sub-
serviency to the Court, 204;
relics in, 187, 364; embittered
against the Western Church by
the Conquest, 387
Eastern Empire, its extent at the end
of the twelfth century, 1; Roman,
if often called Byzantine, 2; its
prosperity under the Basilian
dynasty, 3; weakened by centra-
lisation, 5; position of its ruler,
6; power of the merchant nobles,
10; began to decline after the
Basilian period, 12, 211; weak-
ened by attacks of the Seljukian
Turks, 13; by attacks from the
north, 50; by dynastic troubles,
63; by the crusades, 114; by the
action of England in seizing
Cyprus, 128; by attacks from the
West, 133; summary of the
causes by which it had been
weakened, 170; disorders under
the government of the crusaders,
393
Egypt, choice of, as the destination
of the fourth crusade, 235;
causes of its abandonment, 238;
concludes a treaty with Venice,
263
Emperor, Byzantine, position of the,
6; the popular conception com-
pared with the theory of Divine
right, 7; decay of the popular
respect for the, 99; effeminacy
of the later emperors, 205
Englishmen in the Waring guard,
153; their church in Constanti-
nople, 154
Erzeroum, the name, 3
Eudocia, intimacy of, with Andro-
nicos Comnenos, 70
Eunuchs, 203
Euphrosyne, mother of Isaac Ange-
los, tied to a battering-ram, 81
Eyoub mosque, 304
FLEMISH fleet separates from the
crusading force, 260
Foreigners, conditions under which
they lived in the Empire, 140
Francopolous, piracy of, 112
Frederic Barbarossa, crusade of,
47, 123; his victories, 48; his
destructive march through the
Empire, 52; comes into conflict
with Isaac's troops, 125; his
death, 126
Fulk preaches the fourth crusade,
228
GALATA, derivation of the name,
178 note; occupied by the cru-
saders, 301; confused with Pera,
319 note
Genoese, treaties of Manuel I. with
the, 164
George, king of Georgia, wars
against the Turks, 45
Georgia, conquest of, by Alparslan,
26
Gibbon, error of, as to the meeting-
place of the first Nicene Council,
36 note
Godfrey de Bouillon, crusade of, 35
Greek Christians, character of their
regard for relics, 364
Greek language, 3, 141, 388 note
Greeks, municipal spirit of the, 4;
its influence on the duration of
the Empire, 5; their mercantile
tendencies, 9; their theory of
government, ib.
Gregory VII., Pope, his appeals
on behalf of the Eastern emperor,
32
Gyrolemna, the camping-ground of
the Crusaders, 303, 304
HAGIA Sophia, 183, 352; plundered
by the crusaders, 353
Hagiochristophorides, a creature of
Andronicos I., 82, 84; killed by
Isaac Angelos, 85
Henry VI. of Germany, crusade of,
Henry of Sicily claims imperial
territory, 139
Hippodrome, the, 185
Hopf, Charles, historical collection
of, 265
Huns, the, 51; attack the Empire,
52
ICONIUM, origin of the Sultans of,
30; recovered by Manuel I., 45;
captured by Frederic Barbarossa,
48, 125
Innocent III., Pope, endeavours to
impose Roman authority on the
Eastern Church, 131; character
of, 223; his zeal for the deliver-
ance of the Holy Land, 225;
appeals to Alexis III., 226; agrees
conditionally to the contract
between the crusaders and the
Venetians, 235; declines to aid
Alexis IV., 274, 277; excom-
municates the Venetians, 284;
grants a conditional absolution to
the crusading army, ib.; appeals
to the army, 285; condemns the
expedition to Constantinople,
287; his indignation at the first
attack of Constantinople, 379;
replies to the Emperor Baldwin's
letter, 381; denounces the con-
duct of the conquerors, 382; his
anger against the Venetians,
383; reprimands Cardinal Peter
Capuano, 385; reproaches Boni-
face, 386; asks the Russians to
submit to the Roman See, 387;
tone of his letters relative to the
Conquest, 397
Iran, the term, 15 note
Isaac, a pretender, 99
Isaac Comnenos Sebastocrator in
possession of Cyprus, 82, 89; mur-
der of his sureties by Andronicos
I., 82; refuses submission to Isaac
II., 95; imprisoned by Richard I.,
96, 129; attempts to obtain the
imperial throne, 107; his offences
against the English king, 128
Isaac II. makes an alliance with
Saladin, 46, 125; his war with
the Wallachs, 58, 91; defends
Nicæa against Andronicos I., 81;
supposed prediction of a sooth-
sayer concerning him, 84; kills
Hagiochristophorides, 85; pro-
claimed emperor by the people,
ib.; yields Andronicos to popular
fury, 88; his character, ib., 100;
his difficulties with the Sicilians,
90; his conversation with his
prisoner Count Baldwin, ib.;
defeat of his army by the Wal-
lachs, 91; quells the revolt of
Branas, 92; despatches an expe-
dition to Cyprus against Isaac
Comnenos, 96; marches against
the revolted Wallachs and Bul-
garians, ib., 101; attempts upon
the throne during his reign, 97;
his misgovernment, 100; deposed
and imprisoned by his brother
Alexis, 101; his treaties with the
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