to delivery. Let the whole arm move, and let the movement be free and flowing.

Thirdly;-As a general rule, let the hand be open, with the fingers slightly curved. It then seems liberal, communicative, and candid; and, in some degree, gives that expression to the style of delivery. Of course, there are passages which require the clinched hand, the pointed finger, &c.; but these are used to give a particular expression.

Fourthly;-In the movements of the arm, study variety and the grace of curved lines.

When a gesture is made with one arm only, the eye should be cast in the direction of that arm; not at it, but over it.

All speakers employ, more or less, the motions of the head. In reference to that member, we make but one observation. Avoid the continuous bobbing and shaking of the head, which is so conspicuous in the action of many ambitious public speakers.

The beauty and force of all gesture consists in the timely, judicious, and natural employment of it, when it can serve to illustrate the meaning, or give emphasis to the force of an important passage. The usual fault of young speakers is too much action. To emphasize all parts alike, is equivalent to no emphasis; and by employing forcible gestures on unimportant passages, we diminish our power to render other parts impressive.

With these general remarks, we leave the subject to the good sense and the good taste of the intelligent teacher.

QUESTIONS.-What is the first general direction with regard to gesture? What attitude is the most favorable for free motion? What gross faults are mentioned? What two objects are to be observed with regard to the movements? With what should every gesture be in harmony? How can what is called a graceful manner be best obtained? What is the first direction with regard to the use of the arms? What is the second ? What is the third? What is the fourth? What remark with regard to the motion of the head? In what does the beauty and force of all gesture consist? What is the usual fault of young speakers ?

TO TEACHERS.

IN the SECOND PART, some lessons are given with a rhetorical notation, and such remarks are added, as are deemed appropriate.

In ARTICULATION, as the exercises are already extensive, a few lessons only are added, especially adapted to the purpose of practice. Let it be remembered, that every word, in every lesson, is an exercise in articulation. It is only by constant practice in this fundamental element of elocution, that an easy, correct, and distinct enunciation can be attained and preserved.

In the lessons upon INFLECTION, a few simple principles are first stated, and illustrated by lessons, and to these are added new ones at the head of each division, until, at last, an epitome of the whole subject is presented. Thus the subject is opened, by degrees, until all its principles are placed before the mind connectedly. This plan of presenting the subject, it is believed, will commend itself to the teacher.

IN EMPHASIS and POETRY, a synopsis is also placed at the head of each division, and the lessons for practice include all the previous

notation.

With regard to the lessons on MODULATION, a single remark seems necessary. The tone and manner in which emotion is expressed, are instinctive. A proper expression can be given, only by imbibing the spirit of the subject. In the notation, high and low tones are specifically indicated. Loudness is sufficiently denoted, in most cases, by emphasis.

A considerable number of lessons are added at the close of the Second Part, exhibiting all the principles connectedly. Occasionally, a lesson is without notation, that the pupil may learn to apply the principles as he progresses, and, in the THIRD PART, he is left wholly to his own judgment and the aid of his teacher.

The following characters are used in the Second Part.

THE RISING INFLECTION IS DENOTED BY

THE MONOTONE, BY A LINE PLACED OVER THE VOWEL
EMPHATIC WORDS ARE DENOTED BY ITALICS OR CAPITALS.

THE EMPHATIC PAUSE, BY A LINE BEFORE OR AFTER THE WORD
THE CESURA IS DENOTED BY

(II)

(1)

(h)

(hh)

(1)

(u)

PART SECOND:

LESSONS IN READING, WITH RHETORICAL NOTATION.

EXERCISES IN ARTICULATION.

1. * * *

LESSON I.'

DESCRIPTION OF A STORM.

THEY looked round on every side, and hope gave way before the scene of desolation. Immense branches were shivered from the largest trees; small ones were entirely stripped of their leaves; the long grass was bowed to the earth; the waters were whirled in eddies out of the little rivulets; birds, leaving their nests to seek shelter in the crevices of the rocks, unable to stem the driving air, flapped their wings and fell upon the earth; the frightened animals of the plain, almost suffocated by the impetuosity of the wind, sought safety, and found destruction; some of the largest trees were torn up by the roots; the sluices of the mountains were filled, and innumerable torrents rushed down the before empty gullies. The heavens now open, and the lightning and thunder contend with the horrors of the wind.

2. In a moment, all was again hushed. Dead silence succeeded the bellow of the thunder, the roar of the wind, the rush of the waters, the moaning of the beasts, the screaming of the birds! Nothing was heard save the plash of the agitated lake, as it beat up against the black rocks which girt it in.

3. Again, greater darkness enveloped the trembling earth. Anon, the heavens were rent with lightning, which nothing could have quenched but the descending deluge. Cataracts poured down from the lowering firmament. For an instant, the horses dashed madly forward; beast and rider blinded and stifled by the gushing rain, and gasping for breath. Shelter was nowhere. The quivering beasts reared, and snorted, and sank upon their knees, dismounting their riders.

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*

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4. He had scarcely spoken, when there burst forth a terrific noise, they knew not what; a rush, they could vibration which shook them on their horses. before the roar of the cataract. It seemed

not understand; a Every terror sank that the mighty

mountain, unable to support its weight of waters, shook to the foundation. A lake had burst upon its summit, and the cataract became a falling ocean. The source of the great deep appeared to be discharging itself over the range of mountains; the great gray peak tottered on its foundation!-It shook!-it fell! and buried in its ruins, the castle, the village, and the bridge!

D'ISRAELI,

1.

LESSON II.2

HYMN TO THE NIGHT-WIND.

UNBRIDLED SPIRIT, throned upon the lap
Of ebon Midnight, whither dost thou stray?
Whence didst thou come, and where is thy abode?
From slumber I awaken at the sound

Of thy most melancholy voice; sublime,
Thou ridest on the rolling clouds, which take
The forms of sphinx, or hippogriff, or car,
Like those by Roman conquerors of yore,
In Nemean pastimes used, by fiery steeds
Drawn headlong on; or choosest, all unseen,
To ride the vault, and drive the murky storms
Before thee, or bow down, with giant wing,
The wondering forests as thou sweepest by!

2. Daughter of Darkness! when remote the noise
Of tumult, and of discord, and mankind;
When but the watch-dog's voice is heard, or wolves
That bay the silent night, or from the tower,
Ruined and rent, the note of boding owl,

3.

Or lapwing's shrill and solitary cry;

When sleep weighs down the eyelids of the world,
And life is as it were not; down the sky

Forth from thy cave, wide-roaming, thou dost come
To hold nocturnal orgies.

Behold!

Stemming with eager prow the Atlantic tide,
Holds on the intrepid mariner; abroad

The wings of night brood shadowy; heave the waves
Around him, mutinous, their curling heads,
Portentous of a storm; all hands are plied,
A zealous task, and sounds the busy deck
With notes of preparation; many an eye
Is upward cast toward the clouded heaven;
And many a thought, with troubled tenderness,
Dwells on the calm tranquillity of home;
And many a heart its supplicating prayer

Breathes forth: meanwhile, the boldest sailor's cheek

Planches; stout courage fails; young childhood's shriek,

4.

5.

Awfully piercing, bursts; and woman's fears
Are speechless. With a low, insidious moan,
Rush past the gales that harbinger thy way,
And hail thy advent; gloom the murky clouds
Darker around; and heave the maddening waves
Higher their crested summits. With a glare,
Unvailing but the clouds and foaming sea,
Flashes the lightning; then, with doubling peal,
Reverberating to the gates of heaven,

Rolls the deep thunder, with tremendous crash,
Sublime as if the firmament were rent

Amid the severing clouds that pour their storms,
Commingling sea and sky.

Disturbed, arise

The monsters of the deep, and wheel around
Their mountainous bulk unwieldy, while aloft,
Poised on the feathery summit of the wave,
Hangs the frail bark, its howlings of despair
Lost on the mocking storm. Then frantic, thou
Dost rise, tremendous Power, thy wings unfurled;
Unfurled, but not to succor nor to save:
Then is thine hour of triumph; with a yell
Thou rushest on; and with a maniac tone
Sing'st in the rifted shroud; the straining mast
Yields, and the cordage cracks.

Thou churnest the deep

To madness, tearing up the yellow sands
From their profound recesses, and dost strew
The clouds around thee, and within thy hand
Tak'st up the billowy tide, and dashest down
The vessel to destruction!- -She is not!-
But when the morning lifts her dewy eye,
And to a quiet calm, the elements,
Subsiding from their fury, have dispersed,
There art thou, like a satiate conqueror,

Recumbent on the murmuring deep, thy smiles
All unrepentant of the savage wreck.

WILSON.

LESSON III. 3

THE CATARACT OF LODORE.

[This lesson is inserted on account of its very peculiar adaptation for practice on the difficult sound ing.]

How does the water

Come down at Lodore?

From its sources which well

In the tarn on the fell;