terity will award to the members, the honors of eminent benefactors of the Hawaiian nation.

We are now in a position duly to appreciate the great benefits conferred on the nation by the introduction of seeds, plants and animals, by those who have gone before us.

In running through the pages of Capt. Cook, we find the following productions, only, of the Islands seventy two years ago, viz: Taro of large size and fine quality.

Sweet potatoes, from 12 to 14 pounds each.

Plantains, five or six varieties.

Bread fruit; scarce.

Yams; scarce.

A sweet root like a yam in form; probably the root of the ti plant. Sugar cane of large size and good quality.

Cocoa nuts.

Ava root.

Gourds.

Fowls; scarce.

Hogs; abundant.

Dogs; used as food.

Geese.

Large White Pigeons.

Fourteen years afterward, or fifty eight years ago, when Vancouver visited the Islands, we find that the following were the only new productions, viz: Goats,

Since those days the productions of the Islands have become wonderfully multiplied, and their wealth has increased in proportion. I have taken some pains to learn to whom the Islands are indebted for. this great and beneficial change. They are as follows:

1. The discoverer, Capt. Cook, who on Sunday, the first of February 1778, left on the Island of Nijhau, one ram goat and 2 ewes, a boar and sow of English breed, and the seeds of melons, pumpkins, and onions.

2. Captain Colnet, who left a ewe and a ram on Kauai, before the arrival of Vancouver.

3. Captain Vancouver, who, on Sunday the fourth of March, 1792, left to Tianna on Hawaii, some vine and orange plants, some almonds and garden seeds, and to Keaumoku (the father of Kaahumanu) a goat and kid, some fine orange plants and garden seeds. On the 13th of March, 1792, he left to the young Prince Kaumualii, of Kauai, a male and female goat and two geese; on the 25th February, 1793, he left to Keaumoku, before mentioned, one ram, two ewes and one ewe lamb; on the 19th February, 1793, he landed a bull and cow from California, for Kamehameha I, in the canoe of Krimamahoo, off the coast of Hawaii; on the 22d of February, 1793, he landed five cows, two ewes and a ram, in the bay of Kealakeakua, for Kamehameha İ; on Tuesday, the 5th of March, 1793, he landed in the same place, for the King, a variety of culinary utensils, implements of husbandry, smiths' and carpenter's tools; on the 17th of March, 1793, he presented a large assortment of useful tools, implements and household utensils, and some goats to the king of Maui; on the 28th of March, 1793, he presented a complete set of armorer's tools to Enemo, the ruling chief of Kauai; on the 15th of January, 1794, he landed a bull, two cows, two bull calves, five rams, and five ewe sheep, from California, in Kealakeakua Bay, for Kamehameha I.

4. Don Francisco de Paula Marin, who came to the islands at a very early period, (it is believed in the Princesa Real, in 1791) and who appears to have served the King in many capacities. His jounal, kept in Spanish, and consisting of several volumes, is in my possession. The volumes are much dilapidated, and as the first entry is dated 14th November, 1809, there is reason to believe that several volumes have been lost. I have hastily extracted the following particulars from his journal:

On the 11th January, 1813, Marin says he had planted at sundry times, some pine apples and an orange tree, beans, cabbages, potatoes, peaches, chirimoyas, horse radish, melons, tobacco, carrots, asparagus, maize, fig trees, lemons, lettuce, and that he had been engaged in making kukui oil, cocoa nut oil, candles, tiles, hay, cigars, and had acted in the several capacities of butcher, cook, mason, ship carpenter and physician :

On the 27th of June, 1813, he was engaged in making nails:

On the 24th of February and 1st of March, 1815, he was engaged in planting vines for the King:

On the 6th of July 1815, it is recorded that he made 38 gallons of wine :

On the 13th July, 1815, that he made five flasks of brandy:

On the 7th of December, 1815, that he made a barrel of beer : On the 30th of December, 1817, there is a record that he planted coffee, cotton, made lime, planted cloves, salted pork, made pickles, planted tomatoes, turnips, pepper and chilis, sow'd wheat and barley, made castor oil, soap, molasses, syrup of lemon juice, planted saffron, cherries, and made shirts:

On the 25th of February, 1819, he was engaged in making sugar : On the 15th of April, 1819, that he was sent for to cure the King, with whom he remained till the 8th of May, when he says, the king died, aged 60 years and 6 months:

On the 18th of May, 1819, that he was repairing muskets :

On the 27th of August, 1819, that he was selling vegetables for the King to the French sloop of war "Descubierta :"

On the 14th of September, that he was making extensive purchases from vessels, for the King:

On the 22d of September, 1819, he says: "This day they brought me the first orange, though I planted the seeds eight years ago;"

On the 4th of November, 1819, that he was engaged bartering sandal wood for rum :

On the 8th of December, 1819, that he received the commission of Captain, which commission is still extant :

On the 14th of March, 1820, he records, "this day arrived the brig of middling size, called the Thaddeus, Capt. Blanchard, bringing miзsionaries for these Islands.

From this brief account of the labors of Don Francisco de Paula Marin, from 1809 to 1820, few of you will doubt that much of the present wealth of the Islands, is owing to seeds, roots, and plants introduced by that one man. In my own opinion, it may be fairly ques-. tioned if there existed on these slands, or exists at present, any man, to whom the Hawaiian people are generally so much indebted. His surviving children, therefore, are well entitled to the favorable consideration of the King's Government.

It is true that Marin was more frequently engaged in distilling brandy, rum and beer, than I have thought it worth while to record.

But, nevertheless, he seems to have been, upon the whole, a temperate man, for, from 1809 to the 14th of March, 1820, he only records that he was drunk on three occasions, on one of which they had to carry him home. If he had been oftener drunk, I have no doubt he would have mentioned it, for his journal is singularly minute in regard to his private habits, and those of the King and the ladies of his family. It is due to his memory to mention, that amongst his papers were found some ancient translations into native of the Lord's prayer, and other prayers used by the Catholics, from which it is to be inferred that he had made some effort to abolish the native idolatry.

As the intercourse of the natives from 1778 to 1827 was confined almost wholly to English and Americans, a knowledge of their language had become indispensable to the multiform agencies in which the King employed him; consequently he had applied himself to the study of their language with so much success as to become a kind of notary and interpreter for the King.

It may not be out of place, here to remark that on the 30th of October, and 26th of November, 1814, and on the 6th of January, 1815, he records three successive and peremptory orders, as sent down from Hawaii, by Kamehameha I., touching the residence of foreigners, and their rights, which clearly show how much Kamehameha III. has exceeded his father in the liberality of his policy towards foreigners.

In fourteen years that intervened between the visits of Capt. Cook and Vancouver, the Islands had been visited by Captains Brown, Meares, Metcalf, Portlock, Kendrick, and others engaged in the fur trade, but I have been able to find no record of any introductions of seeds, plants, or animals by them, and in like manner from the time of Vancouver up to the arrival of the missionaries, they had continued to be visited by vessels engaged in the same trade, and in the sandal wood trade, and it is fair to presume that several, from their own benevolence, or at the request of resident foreigners, had made large additions to the seeds and plants and animals known at the time on the Islands. To do justice to those parties, I know no one so well qualified as my friend Mr. Reynolds, now present, who in his person unites the Consular Agency of France, the Consulship of Bremen, and the Consulship of Hamburg.*

* It is believed that the Islands are indebted to Capt. John Meck, and to Mr. Wm. French, for sundry valuable importations.

Although Marin's journal is continued from the 14th of March, 1820, to the 1st of August, 1826, I have abstained from any mention of his labors in promotion of agriculture, beyond the former date, because after that date a new and more sytematic agency commenced on the Islands, I mean that of the American Missionaries, the first of whom then arrived, under instructions from the philanthropic Board, which they and their successors have carried into effect, in so many places and with such beneficial results in the introduction of seeds, plants, roots, implements and utensils, as cannot be done justice to in a passing notice.

Suffice it to add that Marin died in October, 1837, in the 63d year of his age, and that he devoted all his spare time up to the day of his death, to the cultivation of his garden, and to the other useful works. in which he had taken an active part for many years.

If every member of the society only intimate his zeal, with the additional advantage of the enlightened policy, now adopted by His present Majesty, I am quite certain that with its installation will indeed dawn a new and a better era, on these charming Islands.

REMINISCENCES OF HAWAIIAN AGRICULTURE.

BY STEPHEN REYNOLDS, ESQ.

Agriculture claims the attention of the world. To a greater or less degree every nation cultivates the ground. The first discoverer of these Islands found agriculture was attended to, and considered of the utmost importance by the natives: although not extensive. Their commerce was trifling, consisting of occasional visits from and to the different islands of the group. The kalo was the great object of their agriculture, yet the sweet potatoe, melon, banana and other vegetables and fruits were not neglected; but by whom and when introduced, so far as I have been able to ascertain, is unknown.

There can be but very little doubt, that the discoverer and early navigators left seeds and plants, but not being cared for by the natives, very little attention was paid to their cultivation-and therefore soon