testify, that for several years, we needed a good appetite to enable us to keep soul and body together. I refer to those days to remind myself and you also of the multiplication of physical comforts since those years of scarcity. Of the change of living I have often been reminded of late years, when I have seen the well spread table loaded with comforts almost entirely the product of the islands. The well baked beef, roasted turkey, or broiled chicken, with excellent Irish potatoes; the coffee with its rich trimmings, the golden butter, and the cheese fresh and palatable, if not the richest; and the rich wheaten loaf, together with various inexpressibles all Hawaiian and-good enough for any man! Well may we be grateful to Him who enables us to spread such a table. Thousands of such tables might be spread on these charming islands, and I call upon every member of the Royal Hawaiian Agricultural Society to encourage both by precept and example, a more systematic and thorough cultivation of the soil till the best resources of the islands shall be fully developed. For this purpose, let parents who profess to desire the prosperity of the islands, give now and then a son to the ennobling work, the God given employment of tilling the earth, rather than as heretofore, devoting so many of them to the belittleing business of measuring tape, and weighing sugar and nails. I mean no reflection on the regularly educated merchant. Such an one, it seems to me, has ground to complain that so many whom God designed for farmers, have with little or no preparation engaged in mercantile business. "Every one to his trade," the old adage hath it, and there is good sense in this saying. Had there been more agriculturists at the islands for the last few years, and fewer merchants, the depression of the times would have been less severe. I am astounded when I look around for the young farmers among the families devoted to the special work of elevating and saving the Hawaiian race. Who can tell me where one even, can be found? Not many months since, we on Maui, welcomed such an one as we supposed, one too who had taken lessons in New England on agriculture, who had studied practical farming. Some of us fondly hoped that our sons would be benefitted by his example and instructions. Most earnestly did I beseech him to hold on to his purpose of cultivating the soil of his island home, though strongly advised as he assured me he had been by all his friends at the metropolis, to engage in mercantile business. As this

young farmer is a member of our Society, and may be present at some of our meetings, he can tell us in what business he is now engaged. One of two things is true in relation to us as a foreign community. Either first, according to the old adage, "Misery loves company," so some of the elder children of foreign residents and missionaries having become merchants or clerks, they encourage their juniors to imitate their example, and thus keep them in countenance; or secondly, practical farming is in low repute. The latter is I fear, the true cause that while merchant's clerks, and young traders can be counted by the score, scarcely an individual of this class seems to think even of the plow. Need I say that while things continue thus, while public sentiment discourages youth from engaging in husbandry, the father who would rejoice to train his son to the honorable business of an agriculturist will have his own trials-will be likely to fail. 'Tis easy, on an occasion of our anniversary, to talk and say many fine things; 'tis easy also to write commendatory of this sort of labor, to praise the giant of the "brawny arm," and "huge fist," but 'tis quite another thing to consent to hold the relation of pater vel mater to such an ungainly, plainly clad, sun-burnt, rough-handed offspring. Am I not right, gentlemen, in supposing that labor of the agricultural sort is held practically in low repute? If so, pardon me while I solemnly pledge myself to belay you soundly till you shall be ashamed of cherishing any thing like secret contempt for the primary, God appointed occupation of man, even in his state of innocency and dignity; and till you who have sons, shall plant one of them, at least, on the Hawaiian soil as a tiller of mother earth. This I shall do the more earnestly as there can be little hope of the perpetuity of good institutions among the Hawaiians unless they become an industrious, agricultural people. In proportion as I see evidence of the nation's improvement in this respect, in the same proportion is the strength of my hope in regard to the future temporal, political, and moral state of Hawaii. And need I say that an ounce of example, especially with this people, is worth a whole pound of precept. There have been tons of the latter bestowed upon the Hawaiian race, to how little purpose the neglected fields around us too plainly tell. Now then for a little increase of good example. If this would not change the whole country, I am greatly mistaken. Is not the experiment well worth trying?

Again I call upon every member of the R. H. A. Society to aid in every possible way in developing the best resources of which the country is capable. With the blessing of God which is never withheld from those who seek it, we might soon see "the fruitful field laugh with abundance." Let us see that these fields be not fertile in their own disgrace. Let them groan with the weight of the luscious sugarcane; be turned into a wilderness of our unequalled coffee; let the plains wave with the golden wheat; with barley, oats and corn let the valleys be filled; while clover, herd's-grass, and other species shall crown the mountains to satisfy the lowing herds, and the bleating sheep; while the grape, fig, guava, orange, lemon, mango, chirimoya, tamarind and peach, filling our gardens shall well nigh make us forget our father's house and the luxuries of our own country. In a word let the experiment be made of causing to grow on these delectable isles, so far as man can cause to grow, "every tree, and every plant, and flower, and grain, that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food." And though we shall not find "the tree of life in the midst of our gardens," yet who can say that in the enjoyment of these earthly fruits and flowers we shall not find awakened in us the desire of tasting of that "tree which bears twelve manner of fruits, and yields her fruit every month, and whose leaves are for the healing of the nations ?" Especially let us determine that "bread," which, gentlemen, we have from high authority, "is the staff of life, and in which is contained the quintessence of beef, mutton, veal, venison, porridge, plum-pudding and custard, and through which is diffused a wholesome and fermented liquor;" I repeat let us determine that nothing on our part shall be wanting to make bread abundant among all classes, not only of the foreign residents but of the native Hawaiians. I am of the opinion that the free use of bread would give stamina and character to the people. Quite a number at Makawao and Kula have enengaged wheat for sowing, and they seem determined to re-engage in its cultivation, not only for traffic, but for their own use. My people have lately formed an Agricultural Society, and as the rage for speculation seems to have spent itself, I may be able by another year to communicate on their behalf something of importance. Some of them may possibly compete with us for premiums. May I not suggest to the Society the propriety, not to say, justice of increasing the number

and value of premiums on wheat and corn. Only a single premium, I perceive is offered for each of these grains, and this no more than is offered for a hundred cigars, or for 5 pounds of cured tobacco. Could I offer an amendment to the report of the committee on premiums, I would recommend the putting of TOBACCO with the CUT-WORM, and offering $40 for the destruction of both. If any of us shall be permitted, as was predicted at a former meeting of this society, "to sit under our own vines and fig trees," it will be I trust, for a very different purpose than "to smoke Hawaiian long nines." Most earnestly do I pray that no part of the soil of these lovely islands may be impoverished and polluted by the growth of this loathesome, and deadly weed, nor the balmy air tainted by the poisonous fumes of tobacco.

As I hope to have many a competitor soon in the growth of cereals permit me to suggest that for wheat and corn there be offered a premium, 1st. On the best bushel; 2nd. On the best acre; and 3rd. On the best 25 acres. A premium also on oats and barley. I would also recommend a change in the kind of premiums, a substitution of the plow, the sickle or the hoe, for the medal, which, pardon me when I say, has no particular use. Let the growers of flowers have the medals, but let the growers of flour aspire to something higher-more substantial. Our farms are ill supplied with implements of husbandry, and we need help in this department rather than in the ornamental. Our agricultural libraries are small and need replenishing. Would not the "New England Farmer," or the "Cultivator," or some other agricultural periodical be an acceptable and useful premium.

The state of the highest prosperity which God promised to His ancient people in case of obedience was indicated by reference to agricultural products. God prepared for Isreal a land "flowing with milk and honey," i. e. a country admirably adapted to agricultural pursuits. When obedient, his Creator declared "thou shalt be blessed in the fruit of thy ground, the fruit of thy cattle, the increase of thy kine, in the flocks of thy sheep, in thy basket and in thy store." In the fulfillment of this promise, "He made him to ride on the high places of the earth, that he might eat the increase of the fields, and He made him to suck honey out of the rock. Butter of kine and milk of sheep with the fat of lambs, and rams of the breed of Bashan, and goats, with the fat of kidneys of wheat, and thou didst drink the pure blood of the

grape." Had they been uniformly obedient, it is said, "He should have fed them also with the finest of the wheat, and with honey out of the rock should I have satisfied thee." And in a season of prosperity it is said "He maketh peace in thy borders, and filleth thee with the finest of the wheat." Let all labor and pray, that as we have peace in our borders, we may experience the fulfillment of the entire promise, all have a full supply, from our own soil, of this heaven bestowed, life invigorating nutriment.

REPORT ON HORSES.

To the members of the Royal Hawaiian Agricultural Society:

Since the last annual report we have but few statements to make. We would reiterate our opinion that there should be a limited number of stallions allowed to each district, to be selected by men appointed for that purpose, who are capable of judging of the qualities of the horse-impartial and independent in their choice without regard to the owners. This in our opinion will have a great tendency to improve the breed and at the same time relieve us of the wretched specimens of horses now to be seen on these islands, without apparently strength and spirit enough to take them to their stalls.

We would advise that every licensed stallion should be advertised by its owner through the newspaper, giving his name and the place at which he will stand. Three years is a good age for stallions, and from that to fifteen or twenty. Many think it is far safer on the score of profit to breed from an old stallion, who has uniformly proved himself a getter of valuable stock, than from young stallions who are entirely untried as to the qualities of their progeny-others again prefer young stallions. But we have noticed that both in England and the United States some of the best horses have been from old stallionsand likewise the same with old mares which have bred much, being more roomy for colts.

We are of opinion that the large breed of Sydney cart horses are