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Stations.

TABLE NO. 3.-Secondary points located from the primary system.

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Meters.
1, 601. 35
197.10

220. 19 1,794.99 2,983.57

Of Chippewa County.
Mich.

In Sault Ste. Marie. Mich.

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TABLE NO. 4.-Tertiary triangulations, St. Marys River, Michigan, Little Rapids to Point Iroquois.

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TABLE NO. 5.-Geographical positions of the stations of the tertiary triangulation of the river between Little Rapids and Point Iroquois.

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F.-REPORT OF MR. H. VON SCHON, ASSISTANT ENGINEER.

UNITED STATES ENGINEER OFFICE,
Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., June 30, 1894.

SIR: I have the honor to submit herewith my annual report for the fiscal year, from July 1, 1893, to June 30, 1894, consisting of two parts, viz:

Part I. Report on the topographical survey along American shore of St. Marys River from July, 1893, to December, 1893.

Part II. Report on mapping, charting, sketching, and office operations from December, 1893, to June 30, 1894.

PART I.

SUBJECT OF SURVEY.

The subject of the survey, as defined in your letter of instructions to me dated June 13 and July 15, 1893, was the southern shore of the St. Marys River, beginning at Little Rapids, including the western side of the new channel, thence westerly to a point beyond Point Iroquois, afterwards determined to be Salt Point.

The survey was to extend from the shore line of the river back to the crest of the first range of hills parallel thereto, and to include all islands on the American shore. All light-houses, range lights, buildings; all topographical features relating to the conditions of the ground and improvements; all land survey, section and town lines, and contours for every 20 feet elevation were to be located and plotted on a scale of 1 to 5,000, afterwards changed to 1 to 10,000.

CHARACTER OF TERRITORY.

The character of this territory presents all the varieties to be found in this latitude. Almost the entire shore line on this reach is low and sandy or marshy, a rank growth of timber and brush reaching to the water's edge for more than half of the shore distance surveyed. Occasionally for short distances the shore line rises to a sandy bluff not exceeding 20 feet in height, and for the last 3 miles east of Salt Point outcroppings of a mineral formation are visible on shore, becoming very determined for about 1 mile, rising abruptly out,of the water to a height of about 15 feet.

The range of hills coming from the south enters this territory about 1 mile south of Little Rapids at an elevation of about 125 feet above the river level, then gradually approaches the west end of Sault Ste. Marie within one-third of a mile of the river shore at an elevation of about 115 feet, then bears south for a distance of about 24 miles and again approaches and touches the shore line at the Clay Banks at a height of about 85 feet. Thence it bears west to a point south of Point Iroquois, and thence north rapidly rising and culminating in the Iroquois formation at a maximum altitude of about 440 feet above the river level at Little Rapids. From here the hills gradually recede in a southwesterly direction to a considerable distance from shore, gradually decreasing in elevation.

The drainage of this hill range from Little Rapids to the Clay Banks issues in three small creeks, and thence to its northward course to Iroquois is absorbed by the Waiska River, a water course of considerable volume." The Iroquois range proper drains into two small lakes at its foot which lie about 30 feet above the river and are without any visible outflow. The reach from Iroquois to Salt Point is broken by one creek only.

The country between shore and hills is low and mostly thickly covered with all classes of timber and brush, tamarack, maple, and elm predominating. Occasionally large areas of timber are burnt over, and some depressions of considerable extent are swampy and marshy.

No land was found under cultivation after passing Sault Ste. Marie until the Waiska River is reached, where Superior, a settlement of about 100 people, is located, and some farming is done. On a peninsula 14 miles north of this is the village of Bay Mills, with about 400 inhabitants, and 1 mile farther north on the beach is the Indian settlement "Mission" with about 75 people. From this point west the character of the country changes, the timber is frequently sprinkled with oak, and considerable of the land is under cultivation. With the exception of the sandstone near Salt Point, no mineral formation of any description was discovered.

The means of transportation through this territory westerly are a dirt road (Waiska Bay road) leading from a point about 5 miles south of Sault Ste. Marie due west to Superior, whence it follows the shore to Mission; thence it leads upon the Iroquois platean, and due west for about 5 miles to Dollar Settlement, where it terminates. The Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railroad touches this territory at Superior, and thence pursues a northeasterly course to Sault Ste. Marie. The Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railroad enters in the eastern part, leading first north and then northeasterly to Sault Ste. Marie.

The whole territory is located in Chippewa County, Mich., comprising Ts. N. 47, 1 E.; N. 47, 1 W.; N. 47, 2 W.; N. 47, 3 W.; N. 47, 4 W., and the northern half of N. 46, 2 W.

The principal meridian of Michigan passes through the western part of Sa ult Ste. Marie, Mich.

METHODS.

The organization of the topographical party under my charge consisted of 1 recorder, at $70 per month; 4 rodmen, at $50 per month, each; 1 cook, at $50 per month. The instruments used were the Buff & Berger transit No. 245, from July 12 to August 14, exclusively. On August 8 the Buff & Berger plane table No. 1, and on August 14 the stadia rods for the same were received, and this instrument was then used when and wherever it was practicable to do so; but much of the weather being stormy, and most of the territory being covered with a rank growth of brush, and large areas being swampy, made it often advisable to use the lightest and simplest field outfit to make reasonable progress possible, and in these cases a Fauth transit was used.

The methods employed with the transit were of the usual practice in "traversing;" the plane table was used in much the same manner, as no sheets with coordinated points located had been prepared for the reach under survey. A section of shore line between reference points was first located, and from it traverse lines to the range of hills were run. These latter had to be invariably chopped through the timber or brush, while much of the shore had to be similarly cleared before the instrumental work could be done. A working programme being decided upon by the chief, lines to be cleared were chopped out by the rodmen under the direction of recorder, the chief running shore line or roads at the same time with transit and two rodmen, or employing himself at plotting. When practicable the plane table was used for detailed surveys, requiring then the entire party. The horizontal distances were obtained by stadia readings always, and the elevations by the vertical angle. Azimuth observations on Polaris were made during the progress of the survey.

The records of the survey were kept in field books, as customary in transit work, and when the plane table was used a field sheet was constructed on the table as the work progressed, notations in field book also being made of distances and vertical angle readings.

'NARRATIVE.

The topographical party was organized on July 1, 1893, took the field on July 12, in camp at Little Rapids, moving on July 21 to shore near Ashmun Creek; on August 10, to Point Louisa, Canada; on September 18, to Birch Point; on September 29, to Waiska Bay; on October 16, to Mission Hill; on November 16, to Dollar Settlement; and on November 25, returning to Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, where it was disbanded.

The survey was begun at A East Base, tying, in its progress, on 5 primary and 12 tertiary triangulation stations, and closing on the secondary station at Salt Point. The levels were referred to B. M. "A", at Little Rapids, and checked on P. B. M. "4" of the precise level line located on west side of Waiska River.

RESULTS.

The field work of the season covered about 51.4 square miles of territory, resulting in the location of about 48 miles of shore line, 28 miles of hill range, 19 miles of railroads, 634 miles of roads, and all the details of conditions of ground and improvements within this territory.

The office records of this work are in 6 field books and in 7 field sheets, all of them on file at the engineer office at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich.

The cost of the survey was for

Instruments purchased.

Camp outfit purchased

Salaries paid to members of party.

Subsistence of members of party.

Repairing camp outfit....

Transportation of members of party.

Total cost

$305.00

286.63

2, 237.21

479.68

6.25

48.56

3,363.33

The cost per square mile of survey is found by charging the survey with all amounts paid for

Salaries, subsistence, transportation, and repairs of camp outfit

10 per cent of the cost of instruments

50 per cent of the cost of camp outfit..

Total cost of 51. 4 square miles of topographical survey..

Cost per square mile, $57.30.

$2,771.70

30.50

143.32

2,945. 52

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