Becket, Thomas à continued.
to his see by Alexander III., and during his exile assumes the Cis- tercian habit at Pontigny, 102, 103. Invested with the authority of le- gate to England, 105. He excom- municates some of the supporters of Henry, condemns the Constitutions of Clarendon, and menaces the king, 107. Henry fears an interdict; his vigorous measures against the legate Becket, 110. Distresses of the pri- mate's dependants, 111. Becket re- monstrates with Pope Alexander on his measures, 112. He kneels be- fore Henry, at an interview in France, 114. He demands all con- fiscations from himself and the min- istry to be repaid, 116. Being re- fused, he excommunicates many of Henry's household, as well as the bishops of London and Salisbury, 117. These censures well serve his purposes, 118. His interview with Henry in Touraine narrated, 122. The king's concessions, who holds Becket's stirrups in compliment, ib. Reconciliation effected, 123. The coronation of Prince Richard, with- out the means desired by his Holi- ness, offends Becket, 121, 126. He suspends the bishops of London and Salisbury, by excommunication, 117. Second excommunication against them sent by a nun, who precedes Becket to England, 128. Indigna- tion of the sheriff of Kent expressed on this occasion to Becket, when landing at Sandwich, ib. Hearty re- ception by his flock at Canterbury, 129. His proposal to the suspended bishops refused, and they embark for Normandy, 130. Assassinated by De Tracy and Brito, 132, et seq. He was warned. of his peril, 132. His heroism, 133, and death, 134. He is declared a saint and mar- tyr, 139. Jubilee in honour of him, and pilgrims with offerings, 140. Gold of his shrine, 262. False and real skull, ib. Henry VIII. strikes Becket's name from the Kalendar, ib. Bede, quotations from the Venerable, 9, 21.
Bells, church, 288.
Benedict, St., rule of, 57.
Benedictine monasteries, 45, 51. Take the lead of all monkish institutions, by the mildness of their discipline, 57. Union of the order, under a general, 58. They supersede the se- cular clergy in their cures, 62.
Beningfield, Sir Henry, his severity to Elizabeth when in his custody, 361. Berenger opposes the doctrine of tran- substantiation, 177.
Bernicia, description and history of the northern kingdom of, 20-28. Laid
waste by Cadwallon, the Briton, 28. Bertha, queen, causes the favourable reception of Augustine at Canter- bury, 16.
Bilney, Thomas, his study of divinity, 228. Grounds of his accusation, ib.
His recantation, ib. His new reso- lution, ib. Charged with giving an English New Testament, 229. Com- forts himself by the words of Scrip- ture, 230. Is burnt, 231. His dis-
ciples, Latimer, 242; and Lambert, 265.
Bishops, Augustine, 14-18. Melitus, 21. Laurentius, 22. Paulinus, 23- 27. Episcopal church government, 46. A cathedral is cause of Saxon princes assuming the name of king, ib. Theodore, archbishop of Canter- bury, 47. The authority of bishops, 49. Chorepiscopi, or rural bishops, ib. Chapters, or ecclesiastical courts, held, ib. Power of Odo the pri- mate, 58-60. Dunstan, archbishop of Canterbury, 62. Lanfranc, 68, et seq. Anselm, 76. Thomas à Becket, 82, et seq. The bishops endeavour to conciliate Henry and Becket, but fail against such stubborn tempers, 94-96. They transfer their obedi- ence from the primate to the pope, 98. The bishops and barons give support to Henry II., 103, 111. Becket excommunicates the bishops of London and Salisbury, 117. The prelates quail before the legate's power, 118. The coronation of Prince Richard gives new umbrage to Rome, 120, 134. The two pre- lates again excommunicated and sus- pended from their churches, 126. The bishops, King John's time, in- terdict the kingdom and fly, 146. Its consequences among the people, 147. Archbishop Langton, 143–157. Simon de Islip, 189. Simon Lang. ham, ib. Archbishop Sudbury, 190; is murdered in Wat Tyler's insurrec- tion, 194. Succeeded by Courtney, ib. Archbishop Arundel persecutes the Lollards, 196. The merciless Bishop Nix, 221, 229. Tonstal, Bi- shop of London, 228, 233. Cardinal Wolsey, 224, 237. Gardiner, 240. Cranmer made primate, 241. First mention of Protestant bishops, 255.
Latimer, 242, 260. Bishop Hooper, 285. Ridley, 286-299. The Pro- testants bishops dispossessed, 303. Conduct of bishops on the accession of Elizabeth, 363, 366. The vacant sees filled by Parker, Grindal, Cox, Sands, Jewel, Parkhurst, and Pil- kington, ib. The exiled Protestant bishops return, 367. Elizabeth re- plies to the expostulatory letter of Bonner, Heath, and Tuberville, the deprived bishops, 370. Archbishop Whitgift, 391, 399. Bancroft, ib., 413. Archbishop Abbot, ib. Laud, archbishop of Canterbury, 419-428, 451-474. Episcopacy abolished by the Puritans and Parliament, 480. The vacant sees filled by Charles II., 485. Sancroft primate, 497, 499. The seven bishops committed by James II., 502.
Bocher, Joan, condemned to the flames
by Cranmer and Edward VI., for de- nying the humanity of Christ, 297. Boleyn, Queen Anne, 225. Espoused by Henry VIII., 227. How far the Reformation was due to these nup- tials, 242. Her patronage of Lati- mer, ib.
Boleyn, Sir Thomas, 242.
Boniface, pope, sends missions and pre-
sents to the Anglo-Saxon kings, 24. Bonner, bishop, his oath of fidelity to Henry VIII. against the pope, 268. Dismissed from his bishop's see, 285. Restored, and tries such as charged with heresies in the Marian persecution, 304, 306, 337, 338, 341, 344, 360. Is imprisoned in the Mar- shalsea, and is in great public odium, 371.
Borromeo, S. Carlo, 161.
Boughton, Joan, and her daughter, Lady Young, burnt, 220. Bourne, bishop of Bath, his ingratitude, 322.
Bower, Sir Martin, interrogates Anne Askew, 270.
Bradford, John, affecting narrative of his burning, 321-326.
Brætwalda, or paramount sovereign of the Heptarchy, 19. Bran, father of Caractacus, 8. Branfield, Elias de, his mission to Rome, 144.
Britons, origin unknown, 3. Religion,
4, 5. Domestic institutions, 6. Shake off the Roman yoke to their loss, 13. Cadwallon, 28. Their hopes, ib. Those established in Wales, 28, 36. Broc, Ranulf de, excommunicated, 131.
Brooks, bishop of Gloucester, tries Rid- ley and Latimer, 330. On the new commission against Cranmer, 346. His speech, ib. Bucer, opinions of, 286. Bullinger, Swiss reformer, 308. Burgess, Dr. Cornelius, 480. Byrthelm, bishop of Dorchester, 61.
Cadwallon, British king, defeats Edwin and his Christian army, and ravages Northumbria, 28. His own disaster, and death, ib.
Calamy deputed by the Presbyterians to Lord Clarendon, 488. His letter intercepted, marks insincerity, ib. Conferences, 489, 492.
Caledonian invasion of Britain, 11. Calvin's approval of Cranmer's church government, 296. His opinions, 388. The irreversible decrees of Calvin- ism, 420. Sour spirit of his doc- trine, 422.
Cambridge, its schools established, 81. The university demands that some of the suppressed monasteries should be made colleges, 260.
Campian, the Jesuit, executed, 381. Canon law so employed by priests as to protect themselves, 83.
Canterbury, royal city of, 17, 18. Church music introduced, 34, 47. Archbishop Theodore, ib. Cele- brated school, ib. School instituted by Theodore, seventh archbishop, ib. Dunstan receives the pall from Pope John XII., 62. Cathedral rebuilt by Lanfranc, 71. History of Arch- bishop Becket, 82-142. He is assassinated in the cathedral, 134. Upon the decease of Archbishop Hu- bert, an important contest arose in the election of rival candidates, be- tween the king, pope, and the clergy, 144. The monks expelled, 146. See BISHOPS.
Carthusians, or monks of Chartreux, 247.
Cartwright less violent in old age in his religious dissent, 395, 399.
Cassian, his tenets modified in Semi- pelagianism, 170.
Castro, F. Alonso de, confessor to Phi- lip II., account of, 324. Catharine of Arragon, queen of Henry VIII., 225, et seq. She speaks of her affection for the king when she is dying, 254.
Catholic (Roman) faith. See ROME. Cecil, Sir William, secretary to Eliza- beth, 361, 367. Lord Burleigh, a profound statesman, 374. Celibacy of priests, 58, 62, 70, 79, 80, 266, 284. Their marriages declared unlawful, 303. Non-observance of, by Ministers of religion, one cause, among others, of extreme persecution, 308, 315, 341, 347. Their marriages declared lawful, 409. Chapters' or bishops' courts, 49. Charles I., accession of, 415. The Commons refuse him supplies for carrying on the war, ib. Danger from the Puritans, ib. The king at- tempts to govern without a Parlia- ment, and raise resources by his pre- rogative, 416. The Puritans occu- pying many pulpits, broach the doc- trine that preaching is necessary, and Scripture without exposition of little effect, 417. The commonalty crowd to their sermons, ib. Tuning the pulpits; Archbishop LAUD, 419, 421, 427. Persecution of, 451-462. Trial and defence, 462-465. The primate condemned to die, 466. He is beheaded, 467-473. Charles I. declares that no Papist should be put to death, 421. His zeal for the Protestant Church, ib. The Star- chamber, and the promulgation of the New Canons, offend the people, 423, 424. The Divine right of kings declared, 425. The Scotch malcon- tents; account of the Covenant, 429,
et seq. Measures of the Parliament, 430. The trial of Strafford, 431; and of Laud, 432-474. Protesta- tion of Parliament to maintain the true reformed religion, 433. Efforts of the Puritans against the Church, 435-439. The Bishops' protest; those who signed it sent to the Tower by Parliament, 442. Bishops deprived of their seats, ib.
The queen Henrietta, ib. The assembly of divines convoked, 442. Their mea- sures, 443. The king unable to turn the torrent of puritanical innovation, 442-449. He sends to Laud a par- don, which the Parliament disallows, 466. He betakes himself to the Scotch army, 479. Terms proposed by the Presbyterians that he should abolish Episcopacy, ib. He resolves to maintain it, ib. Murder of the king, 481. His advice to Prince Charles concerning the Church, 483. His vow, 484.
Charles II. recalled from exile, 482.
His declaration from Breda, 485, 490. Religious liberty offered by Charles; is resisted by the opposing sects, 486. They provoke the court by their conduct, ib. Reports as to his and James's religion being the Popish, ib. Joy of the people at his return, 487. Act of Uniformity pass- ed, 491. Clause of renouncing the Covenant occasions the Presbyterian ministers to be deprived, ib. Some of the wiser ministers conform and are promoted, ib. Charles's new de- claration of toleration, 492. The Five-mile Act imposes an oath on the clergy, 493. The Dissenters un- able to take this oath, ib. Plots by Algernon Sidney, and others, 494. Conspirators executed, ib. The fire of London, ib. Charles dies in the Romish profession, 495.
Cheke, Sir John, preceptor to Edward VI., 280.
Chester, Sir William, sheriff, 316. Chillingworth, 448, 461.
Christ, the only efficient Mediator, 256. Reverence made to his holy name, 436. The Puritans refuse to bow at the name of Jesus, 442, 476. Christianity introduced into Britain, 8. First martyr, 9. Era of adoption at Rome, 10. British and Irish saints, fabulous, ib. Banished from the Heptarchy, 12. Mission of Augus- tine, 15, 16. Compared with heathen rites, 20. Is established in all the Saxon kingdoms, 29. Causes of its general adoption by the Anglo-Saxon princes, 30. The missionaries de- scribed; their noble and zealous mo- tives, 31. Moral and political bene- fits obtained by its introduction, 33. Use of the alphabet, ib. Latin em- ployed by ecclesiastics, ib.; and by the fathers of the Western Church in their voluminous writings, 34. Zeal and enthusiasm excited, 35. Doctrinal corruptions and ceremonial innovations, 37. Popularity, and ad- mirable exertions of the ministers and priests, 36. Augustine's doc- trine, 17, 36. Government of the Church, and application of tithes, 46, 47. Church government of the An- glo-Saxons, 49. Its state in the age of St. Dunstan, 57. Revolution in monachism; change from austerity to milder rule and comfort, ib. Mi- racles of Dunstan, 62. Miracles countenanced by Lanfranc, 72. State of religion at Rome under Hilde-
Christ's Hospital founded by Edward VI., 299.
Church, the, among the Britons, 8, 15,
16. St. Augustine, 15. Of the An- glo-Saxons, 17-29. Advantages de- rived therefrom to the nations of the Heptarchy, 30-34. Corruptions, 37. Of the Welsh, 36. Purity of the Church long preserved, ib., 50. Ear- ly church government in England, episcopal, 46. Monasteries, cathe- drals, endowments of land, ib. Ob- lations and origin of tithes, ib. Re- ligious and charitable purposes of, 46, 47. Church property; churches vested in the founders, 48. Glebe lands, ib. Building, endowing, and dependence of churches, ib. Eccle- siastical government, 49. Advance- ment of learning, 48, 50. Monas- teries plundered, 50. Monachism; era of Dunstan, 51. Pious bequests of lands to him, transferred to the Abbey of Glastonbury, 56. He pur- poses to reform the Church with a view to curb the licentiousness of its ministers, 58. The prelacy overturn the power of King Edwy, 61. Strug- gle between the regular and secular clergy, 62. Bishop Beornelm sup- ports the secular ministers; Dun- stan's reply, 63. Changes in the prelacy by William of Normandy, 68. A liturgy established in the Anglo- Norman churches, 72. The right of investiture of prelates disputed, 77, 79. Homage to kings for the tem- poralities of bishops' sees, 79. De- cay of discipline; no councils held; Archbishop Anselm's reforms, ib. Severity of canons, ib. Celibacy of clergy enforced, ib. Henry I. realizes a tax on clergy who retained their wives, 80. State of the Church on the accession of Henry II., 82. Cler- gy exempt from secular jurisdiction, ib. Immunity and privileges of the order of clergy, 86. Constitutions of Clarendon declared, 88. They rec- tify the concessions of King Stephen to the pontiff of Rome, 90. Henry II.'s quarrel with Becket and the pope nearly dissolves the union of the Church with Rome, 103-134. Excommunications by Becket, 107. Account of this tyranny, and the law in relation to it, 108. Interdict, and
Church-continued.
deposition of kings, 110. Impostures recorded with regard to the death of Becket, 139. Jubilee in remem- brance of him, 140. Usurpations of the Romish Church in the reign of King John, 144-157. The papal system; its doctrine and practice, 159-180. Ritual of the Western Church, 162. Relics, 163. Purga- tory, 173. Pilgrimage, 174. Masses for diseased persons, ib. Legends,
ib. Corruptions which led to the reformation of the Romish Church, 173-180, 185. Rise of the Reform- ation, 181. Foreigners possessed of the benefices, 187. Church lands exempt from burdens, ib. Account of Wicliffe, 188. His attack on the Rom- ish Church, 190. Fate of Lord Cob- ham, 201, et seq. His opinion on the sacrament of the Lord's supper, and the question of transubstantiation; also that of the then Church of Eng- land on the same, 204, 206. Chris- tian faith designated faith in transub- stantiation, 215. The papal power in England overthrown by Henry VIII. and his successors, 222, et seq. The temporal lands of the Church in danger of confiscation, 222, 223. Penalties of the Statute of Præmu- nire, 222, 227. The clergy acknow- ledge the supremacy of Henry VIII., 227. The translations of Scripture create a spirit in favour of Church re- form, 228, 230, 233. Progress of public opinion causes an Act to re- strain the clergy from persecutions, without presentments, 243. The ques- tion of the king's supremacy proves fatal to Fisher and More, 249, 250. Confiscation of the possessions of the lesser convents, 253, 254. Both houses of Convocation; their acts, 255. Articles and tenets of the Church set forth, just preceding the Reform- ation, ib. The convents produced advocates for the reformed religion, 254. Trials regarding transubstan- tiation, 264. The Six Articles enu- merated, 266, 292. The Roman- ists still possessing influence with Henry VIII., the pulpit became a place of controversy, 275. Images, and shrines, and pilgrimages dis- countenanced on the accession of Edward VI., 282. Licences to preach, ib. Office of the commu- nion, 284. Liturgy, ib. Communion table, 286. Laymen, 288. Chan- tries, free-chapels, and colleges con-
ferred upon the king, 289. The bishops' lands protected by Edward VI., 290. Insurrection for a re- sumption of some old religious ob- servances, 292-295. A Latin ser- vice or liturgy demanded, 292, 294. Episcopacy, 296. The Protestant bishops and ministers dispossessed of their sees and churches, 303. The martyrs in the time of Mary I., ib., et seq.
See ELIZABETH. Toleration, its principle first recognised, 386. Anabaptists burnt in the reign of Elizabeth, ib. Founders of the Eng- lish Church described, 387, 388. Cal- vin, 388. The Nonconformists, ib., 391. The Puritans, 391, 397. James I.; state of religious parties, 396. He holds a conference at Hampton Court with the prelates, 398. Book of Common Prayer, ib. Next he hears the Puritans on the Articles of the Church, ib. The Lambeth Ar- ticles, 399. King James's speech on his supremacy, 406. The High Court of Commission, ib. Dissatis- faction of the Puritans, 408. Mar- riage of clergy declared lawful, 409. The gunpowder treason, 411. The Jesuit Garnet executed, 412. See PURITANS, 388-423. Influence of the pulpit, and ambition of the Pu- ritans to preach, 417, 418. Lec- turers established out of the Impro- priation Purchase Fund, 418. The feoffment of these being declared il- legal, and confiscation recurring, Archbishop Laud becomes thereby unpopular, 419. See LAUD, 419- 416, 422-474. No papist to be ex- ecuted for religion, 421. The clergy leavened with the sour spirit of Cal- vinism, 422. The Communion table, 423. The Star-chamber, ib. The new canons promulgated; give of- fence to the nation, 425, 431. Oath proposed to the clergy to maintain the doctrine and discipline of the established Church, ib. Dr. Man- waring's political sermon, for which he is fined and suspended from his duty, ib. The established Church supported by the authority of Laud, 427. Religious malcontents in Scot- land, 429. The Covenant, ib. rebellion prepared by the Covenant- ers, 430. Bill against the Bishops voting, 432. The High Commission Court abolished, 433. Puritans at- tack the Book of Common Prayer, communion table, chancel, and refuse
to bow at the name of Jesus, 435, 436. Episcopacy attacked, 439. De- fence of the bishops, ib. They are by a bill deprived of their seats in parliament, 442. The "Assembly of Divines," ib., 475. The clergy eject- ed from their livings, 448. Some perishing of hunger, some murdered, somè imprisoned, 449. Confined in ships, ib. Some sold as slaves in Barbadoes, ib. Death of Laud, ib. The liturgy superseded by a direc- tory, 474. The Presbyterians, 477. The Erastians, ib. The Independ- ents, ib.
Charles I.'s commands to the prince relative to the Church, 483. Impropriations held by the Crown, 484. Alterations in the Book of Common Prayer made by the re- stored bishops, 489. Conferences be- tween the prelates and the Presby- terians, 487, 489. Charles II. refers to Parliament to pass an act for set- tling the Church affairs, 490. The Dissenters, 495. James II. takes overt steps towards re-establishing Popery, 497, 498. Declaration for liberty of conscience; abolishing tests, 499. Sancroft the primate's petition presented to the king, ib., 500. The Seven Bishops; their in- terview with James, 500. He com- mands his Declaration to be pub- lished, 501. He summons the Seven Bishops on a charge of misdemeanour, and commits them to the Tower, 501, 502. Enthusiasm of the peo- ple in their cause, on the way to Westminster Hall, 503. Their pe- tition declared to be libellous by the Chief Justice, but they are acquitted by the jury, 505. Exultation of the people, ib. Sancroft the primate shows the Dissenters their danger from Popery if it were to be re-estab- lished, 508. Interview of James and the bishops; attempt at conciliation, 508-510. James summons a par- liament too late, 512. He flies, 513. The Revolution, 514, 515. Security of the Church, 516. Churches, dilapidation of the Saxon, 81. Windows of painted glass required a grander architecture in the new edifices, ib. Reparation of, 427. The Puritans deface the churches, 416, 447. Clarendon, great council assembled at, near Salisbury, 88. Question before it; the royal customs, i. e. privileges, 89. Constitutions of Clarendon ;
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