FORMS OF WARRANTS FOR LANDS IN MARYLAND.

The two following examples of warrants for lands in Maryland under the proprietary are given. The charter of Maryland to Lord Baltimore and his heirs in succession, for the province of Maryland, and by which they became lords proprietary, was in consideration of the province being held of the Crown of England; the proprietary forever rendering annually to the Crown "two Indian arrows for the same."

A grant of date September 30, 1724, by Benedict Leonard Calvert, Lord Proprietary. MARYLAND, s't:

Charles, absolute lord and proprietary of the provinces of Maryland, and Avalon, lord baron of Baltimore, &c., to all persons to whom these presents shall come, greeting in our Lord God Everlasting:

Know ye that for and in consideration that Arthur Nelson, of Prince George's County, in our said province of Maryland, hath due unto him three hundred and fifty-six acres of land within our said province by virtue of a warrant for that quantity granted him the twentieth day of August, seventeen hundred and twenty-four, as appears in our land office, and upon such conditions & termes as are expressed in our conditions of plantation of our said province, bearing date the fifth day of Aprill, sixteen hundred & eightyfour, and remaining upon record in our said province, together with such alterations as in them is made by our further conditions bearing date the fourth day of December, sixteen hundred and ninety-six, together also with the alterations made by our instructions bearing date at London the twelfth day of September, seventeen hundred & twelve, and registered in our land office of our said province: We do therefore hereby grant unto him, the said Arthur Nelson, all that tract of land called Nelson's Island, lying in Prince George's County, beginning at a bounded ash standing on the north side of Coynoy Island, in Potomock River, above Monococy, & running thence south thirty-seven degrs., east sixty p'ches; then south twenty degrs., east twenty ps.; then south forty degrs., east sixty pches; then south thirty-two degrs., east twenty pches.; then southeast sixty-four perches; then north sixty-nine & a half degrs., west one hundred and one perches; then north seventy-five degrs., west fifty perches; then north sixty-seven degrs., west sixty perches; then north sixty degrs., west forty ps. ; then north forty-eight degrs., west fifty-one perches; then north thirty-four degrs., west thirty-two ps. ; then north twenty-seven degrs., west twenty ps. ; then north fourteen degrs., west fourteen pches.; then north twenty-three degrs., west eighteen p'ches; then north eighteen p'ches; then north eighty degrs.; east fourteen ps.; then east thirty-two ps. ; then south seventythree degrs., east sixty p'ches; then south sixty-six degrs., east sixty-six ps.; then north forty-nine degrs. east forty-eight p'ches; then north forty-two degrs. west twenty-one p'ches; then north sixty-two degrs. west ten p'ches; then north fifty-five degrees west twenty p'ches; then north sev'ty degrs west sixty p'ches; then north seventyeight degrs. west twenty-four p'ches; then north seventy degrees west fifty p'ches; then north sixty-three degrs. west seventy-one p'ches; then north fifty-three degrees east forty-two perches; then east thirty-four perches; then south seventy degrees east eighty perches; then north twenty-five degrees east forty perches; then south seventyseven degrees east fifty perches; then north thirty-seven degrees east one hundred and thirty perches; then south twenty-five degrees east one hundred fifty-six perches; then south seventy degrees west one hundred twenty-two perches; then south thirty-three degrs. east fifty perches; then with a straight line to the beginning tree, containing and now laid out for three hundred fifty-six acres of land more or less, according to the certificate of survey thereof taken & returned into our land office, bearing date the eighteenth day of February, seventeen hundred and twenty-four, & there remaining, together with all rights, profits, benefits, and priviledges thereunto belonging (royall mines excepted), to have and to hold the same unto him the said Arthur Nelson, his heirs and assigns forever, to be holden of us and of our heirs as of our mannor of Calverton in free and common soccage by ffealty only for all manner of services yeilding & paying therefore yearly unto us and our heirs at our receipt at the city of S., maried at the two most usuall ffeasts in the year, viz: the feast of the annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary and S. Michaell, the archangell by even and equall portions the rent of fourteen shillings and three pence sterling in silver or gold; and for a fine upon every alienation of the said land or any part or parcell thereof one whole year's rent in silver or gold or the full value thereof in such commodities as we and our heirs or such officer or officers as shall be appointed by us and our heirs from time to time to collect & receive the same shall accept in discharge thereof at the choice of us & our heirs or such officer or officers afores'd: Pro

rided, that if the said sum for a fine for alienation shall not be paid unto us & our heirs or such officer or officers afores'd before such alienation and the s'd alienation entered upon record either in the prov'll court or county court where the same parcell of land lyeth, within one month next after such alienation, then the said alienation shall be void and of no effect. Given under our great seal at armes this thirteenth day of September, seventeen hundred and twenty-eight.

Witness our Dear Brother Benedict Leonard Calvert, esq., governor and commanderin-chief in and over our said province of Maryland, chancellour and keeper of the great seale thereof. BEN'DT LEON'D CALVERT, [HAND.]

(Heavy wax seal attached by tape.) (Endorsed.)

PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY.

Mr. Arthur Nelson, 356 acres of land.
Passed Nelson's Island.

Recorded in the land records of Maryland, Lib. P. L. N. No. 7, page 450.
Examined.

J. LAWSON, Ex'r.

The following is a warrant issued in Maryland, in 1761, by Horatio Sharpe, lieutenant-general and chief governor of the province of Maryland:

MARYLAND, 88:

FREDERICK, absolute lord and proprietary of the provinces of Maryland and Avalon, lord baron of Baltimore, &c, to all persons to whom these presents shall come greeting in our Lord GOD everlasting

KNOW YE, that for and in consideration that Arthur Nelson of Frederick County in our said province of Maryland hath due unto him thirty acres of land within our said province by virtue of a warrant for that quantity granted him by renewment the twenty-second day of September, seventeen hundred and sixty-one, as appears in our land office, and upon such conditions and terms as are expressed in our conditions of plantation of our said province, bearing date the fifth day of April, sixteen hundred and eighty-four, and remaining upon record in our said province; together with such alterations as in them are made by our further conditions bearing date the fourth day of December, sixteen hundred and ninety six; together also with the alterations made by our instructions bearing date at London, the twelfth day of September, seventeen hundred and twelve, and registered in our secretary's office of our said province; together with a paragraph of our instructions bearing date at London, the fifteenth day of December, seventeen hundred and thirty-eight, and registered in our land office. WE DO therefore hereby grant unto him the said Arthur Nelson all that tract or parcell of land called the Point of Rocks, lying in the aforesaid county, beginning at the end of the twenty-eighth line of a tract of land called Nelson's Island, the line being north fiftythree degrees east, running thence north eighty-six degrees west eighteen perches; north fifty-two degrees west twenty-four perches; south sixty-nine degrees east eighteen perches; north seventy-five and an half degrees east twenty-two perches; north thirty degrees east fifty-four perches; north eight degrees east eighteen perches; north seventy-eight degrees east twenty perches; south fifty-three degrees east seventy-seven perches, then by a straight line to the beginning, containing and now laid out for thirty acres of land, according to the certificate of survey thereof, taken and returned into our land office, bearing date the seventh day of October, seventeen hundred and sixtyone, and there remaining, together with all rights, profits, benefits, and privileges, thereunto belonging, royal mines excepted, TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the same, unto him the said Arthur Nelson, his heirs and assigns, forever, to be holden of us and our heirs, as of our manor of Conegocheege in free and common soccage, by fealty only for all manner of services, YIELDING AND PAYING therefore, yearly, unto us, and our heirs, at our receipt at our city of St. Mary's at two most usual feasts in the year, viz., the feast of the annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Michael, the archangel, by even and equal portions, the rent of one shilling and two pence half-penny sterling, in silver or gold; and for a fine upon every alienation of the said land, or any part or parcel thereof, one whole year's rent, in silver or gold, or the full value thereof, in such commodities as we and our heirs, or such officer or officers as shall be appointed by us and our heirs from time to time, to collect and receive the same, shall accept in discharge thereof, at the choice of us and our heirs, or such officer or officers aforesaid: PROVIDED, that if the said sum for a fine for alienation shall not be paid unto us and our heirs, or such officer or officers aforesaid, before such alienation, and the said alienation entered upon record, either in the provincial court, or county court, where the

same parcel of land lieth, within one month next after such alienation, then the said alienation shall be void and of no affect. GIVEN under our great seal of our said province of Maryland, this seventh day of October, anno Domini seventeen hundred and sixty-one.

WITNESS our trusty and well-beloved HORATIO SHARPE, Esq., lieutenant-general and chief governor of our said province of Maryland, and chancellor and keeper of the great seal thereof.

(Heavy wax seal attached by tape.)
(Endorsed :)

Mr. Arthur Nelson's patent 30 acres.
The Point of Rocks.

Recorded in records of lands, S. No. 15, pg. 597.

HORO. SHARPE.

WM. STEWART, Rd.

CHAPTER XXXV.

METHODS OF SURVEY AND DISPOSITION OF PUBLIC OR CROWN LANDS IN CANADA, AUSTRALIA, BRAZIL, AND MEXICO.

The following several sections will show the methods of survey and disposition of public or Crown domain in the several countries named:

THE DOMINION OF CANADA.

Area, 3,483,952 square miles, or 2,229,729,280 acres.

The commissioner of lands of the Dominion of Canada, Lindsey Russell, esq., is appointed by and subject to the minister of the interior, and resides at Ottawa.

The Crown domains of the several provinces are disposed of under special laws, but the vast area of Dominion lands (corresponding with the public domain of the United States) is disposed of under the provisions of the statute known as the 42d Victoria, May 15, 1879.

Agents, known as agents of Dominion lands, are appointed in the several Territories, viz, Manitoba, Kerwatin, and Northwest Territories. These agents give notice, by publication, of the filing of maps of survey and that the lands are open to cash sale or settlement.

Surveyed townships are grouped into "districts," which are numbered from No. 1. These districts each have an agent at a local office. They are subordinate to the agent of the Territory, who is subordinate to the commissioner of the land office at Ottawa. The Dominion does not control public lands in some of the provinces. A surveyorgeneral of the Dominion is also appointed, under whom the surveys are made. His office is at Ottawa, in the department of the interior. The law relating to the Dominion lands is here given entire. It will be noticed that this statute gives the executive charged with the control and disposition of the public domain large discretionary authority.

The body of this act is based upon the best features of the land system of the United States, with beneficial additions. Many features of this statute could be engrafted upon our system with profit.

LAW RELATING TO PUBLIC LANDS IN CANADA.

42 Victoria, Chap. 31.

[AN ACT to amend and consolidate the several acts respecting the public lands of the Dominion.Assented to 15th May, 1879.]

Whereas it is expedient with a view to the proper and efficient administration and management of certain of the public lands of the Dominion, that the same should be regulated by statute, and divers acts have been passed for that purpose which it is expedient to amend and consolidate: Therefore Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows:

PRELIMINARY-INTERPRETATION.

1. This act shall apply exclusively to the lands included in Manitoba and the several territories of the Dominion, which lands shall be styled and known as Dominion lands; and this act shall be known and may be cited as the "Dominion lands act 1879," and the following terms and expressions therein shall be held to have the meaning hereinafter assigned them, unless such meaning be repugnant to the subject or inconsistent with the context; that is to say:

1. The term Minister of the Interior means the Minister of the Interior of Canada.

2. The term surveyor-general means the said officer, or, in his absence, the chief clerk performing his duties for the time being.

3. The term agent or officer means any person or officer employed in connection with the administration and management, sale or settlement of Dominion lands; and the term local agent means the agent for Dominion lands employed as aforesaid, with respect to the lands in question; and the term land office means the office of any such agent.

4. The term Dominion land surveyor means a surveyor duly authorized under the provisions of this act to survey Dominion lands.

5. The term Crown timber agent means the local officer appointed to collect dnes and to perform such other duties as may be assigned to such officer, in respect to the timber on Dominion lands.

6. The term island, as used in connection with timber, means an isolated grove or clump of timber in prairie.

7. The term belt, as used in connection with timber, means a strip of timber along the shore of a lake, river, or water course.

8. The term section means a section of this act distinguished by a separate number and the term subsection means a subdivision of any clause distinguished by a separate number or letter, in smaller type.

9. The term Canada Gazette means the official gazette of the government, published at Ottawa.

DOMINION LANDS OFFICE.

2. The department of the Minister of the Interior of Canada shall be charged with the administration and management of the Dominion lands.

1. Such administration and management shall be effected through a branch of the said department, to be known and designated as "The Dominion lands office."

2. Copies of any records, documents, plans, books, or papers belonging to or depos ited in the said office, attested under the signature of the Minister of the Interior or the surveyor-general, and of plans or documents in any Dominion lands or surveys office in Manitoba or the Northwest Territories, attested under the signature of the agent or inspector of surveys, as the case may be, in charge of such office, shall be competent evidence in all cases in which the original records, documents, books, plans, or papers could be evidence.

3. No person employed in or under the Dominion lands office shall purchase any of such lands, except under authority of an order in council, or shall locate military or bounty land warrants, or land scrip, or act as agent of any other persons in such behalf.

SYSTEM OF SURVEY.

3. Subject always to the provisions hereinafter made with respect to special cases— 1. The Dominion lands shall be laid off in quadrilateral townships, containing thirtysix sections of one mile square in each (except in the case of those sections rendered irregular by the convergence or divergence of meridians as hereinafter mentioned), together with road allowances of one chain and fifty links in width, between all townships and sections.

2. The sections shall be bounded and numbered as shewn by the following diagram:

3. The township therefore will, subject to deficiency or surplus from converging or diverging meridians, as the case may be, measure on each side, from centre to centre