Electricity for Public Schools and Colleges

Portada
Bombay, Longmans, Green and Company, 1897 - 53 páginas

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Contenido

Magnetometers Changes in the Earths Field
40
The two sorts of Electrification are always produced together
46
First Ideas as to Induction
52
Variation with Time
53
CHAPTER V
54
Electrophorus
59
INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER ON POTENTIAL ECTION PACE I Quantity of Electrification
65
Electrical Level or Electrical Potential
66
Measurement of differences of Electrical Level by Work
67
Elementary Ideas on Capacity
68
Lines of Force and Equipotential Surfaces
69
Induction from a Potential Point of View
70
Necessity of distinguishing Sign of Charge and Sign of Potential
74
CHAPTER VI
76
Experiments with the two Condenser Plates
78
Discussion of the Terms Bound and Free
81
Conditions Affecting the Magnitude of the Bound Charge
82
An Isolated Body considered as the Limiting Case of a Condenser
83
Leyden Jars
85
The Unit Jar
86
Cascade arrangement of Leyden Jars
88
Nature of the Leyden Jar Charge
90
Various Effects of the Discharge
91
Induction Effects of the Discharge
94
Wheatstones Sparkboard
96
The Condensing Electroscope
98
CHAPTER VII
100
Application to Induction Machines
102
Varleys Induction Machine
103
Sir W Thomsons Replenisher
104
The Voss Machine
105
The Holtz Machine
108
Potential and Difference of Potential
131
General Case
137
SECTION PAGE 19 Potential of an Isolated Sphere
141
Capacity of an Isolated Sphere
142
Distribution from the Potential Point of View
143
Potential and Density distinguished
144
Important Case of a Spherical Condenser
145
The Plate Condenser
147
Formulæ for Capacities c
148
Energy of Charging and Discharging
150
Examples in Energy of Discharge
151
Energy of Discharge in the Cascade Arrangement of Leyden Jars
152
Electroscopes and Electrometers
153
Sir William Thomsons Quadrant Electrometer
155
Uses of the Quadrant Electrometer
158
Examples in Energy of Discharge c
159
General Consideration of Electrostatic Fields of Force
161
CHAPTER XI
163
Galvanis Experiment
164
Voltas Experiments and Views
165
Voltas Pile from Voltas point of View
167
Voltas Cell and the Couronne des Tasses from Voltas point of View
169
The Contact and Chemical Theories
170
Theory of the Simple Voltas Cell
171
Digression on the Galvanometer
173
Polarisation
175
Constant Batteries
176
Remarks on Cells and on Batteries
180
THE CHEMICAL PHENOMENA ACCOMPANYING THE PASSAGE OF THE CURRENT 1 Introductory
182
Chemical Effects General View
183
SECTION PAGE 4 Grothüsss Hypothesis Nature of Electrolysis
186
Primary and Secondary Decompositions
188
Simultaneous Decompositions
189
Further on Faradays Laws of Electrolysis
190
Electrochemical Equivalents
191
Polarisation of the Electrodes
194
Secondary or Storage Cells
196
Plantés SecondaryCell
197
Faures Accumulator
200
CHAPTER XIII
201
Statement of Ohms Law
203
Resistance further Discussed
204
Conductivity
206
Application of Ohns Law in a Simple Case
207
Graphic Representation of Ohms Law
209
Applications of the Graphic Method
211
Shunts
214
Fall of Potential through the Circuit
215
Kirchhoffs Two Laws
216
Maximum Current with a given Battery
219
CHAPTER XIV
221
Resistance Coils and Resistance Boxes
222
Wheatstones Rheostat
224
Wheatstones Bridge General Principle
226
Slideform of Wheatstones Bridge
228
Wheatstones Bridge Resistance Box Form
229
Resistance of a BatteryCell
230
Measurement of E M F
231
Electrometer Methods Open Circuit
232
The Heating of Uniform Wires
243
Distribution of Heat in the Circuit
244
Heat Evolved with various Arrangements of n Cells
245
Case of no BackE M F in the Circuit 9 Case of a BackE M F e in the Circuit
246
Numerical Examples
247
Failure of a Smees Cell to Decompose Water
248
Partial Polarisation in the foregoing Case 13 Connection between E M F s and Heats of Combination
249
CHAPTER XVI
252
The Simple ThermoCell
253
The ThermoPile
254
ThermoElectric Series
255
ThermoElectric Powers
260
The Neutral Point
261
ThermoDiagrams 8 Peltier Effect Observed Facts
263
The Thomson Effect
264
Theory of the Simple ThermoCell
265
Theory of the Peltier and Thomson Effects
268
Sir W Thomsons Mirror Galvanometer
283
PAGE
285
Sir W Thomsons Graded Potential Galvanometer
289
The Absolute System of ElectroMagnetic Units
297
234
299
Magnetic Potentials due to Magnetic Shells
304
Action of a Pole on an Incomplete Circuit
310
SECTION PAGE 3 Potentials on Poles and on Circuits
316
General Law of Movement of Magnetic Shells or of Electric Circuits
318
The Case of Incomplete Circuits
319
Reconsideration of Ampères Laws
321
Cases of Continuous Rotation
322
Potentials on Circuits
323
CHAPTER XX
324
Ampères Theory of Magnetism
326
Solenoid and Hollow Cylindrical Magnet Contrasted
327
Matter Placed in a Uniform Magnetic Field of Force
328
Movements of Small Bodies in a NonUniform Magnetic Field
330
A Long Body in a Non Uniform Field
332
ElectroMagnets
333
Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Phenomena
334
PseudoDiamagnetic Phenomena
335
Is there Absolute Diamagnetism?
336
Rotation of the Plane of Polarisation in a Magnetic Field
337
Other ElectroOptical Phenomena
340
CHAPTER XXI
342
General Account of Induction Phenomena
343
General Reason for Induced Currents
346
More Exact Reasoning in a Simple Case
347
General Expression for Induced E M F
349
Induction where there is no Initial Current
351
Direction of the Induced Currents Lenzs Law
352
Constant Induced Currents
355
Changes that Give Induced Currents
357
SelfInduction The Extra Current
360
Induction in the Earths Field
366
Condition of the Secondary Circuit when Closed
373
CHAPTER XXIII
383
The Granıme Construction of Armature
390
Magneto Machines
395
SeparatelyExcited Machines
396
SeriesExcited Machines
397
ShuntDynamos
398
Other Methods of Winding 21 Alternate Current Machines
399
The Ferranti Alternate Current Machine
401
CHAPTER XXIV
402
SeriesDynamos as Motors
403
General Remarks on Dynamos and Motors
404
Formulæ for Activity
405
Efficiency 6 Representative Curves 7 S P Thompsons Diagrams Maximum Activity 8 Transmission of Power from a Distance 9 Electric Railways and...
408
Distribution of Potential in the Circuit of a Dynamo and Motor
412
Work done per Second upon a Dynamo as Related to the Velocity v of Rotation
415
CHAPTER XXV
416
Telegraphic Alphabets
419
The Needle System of Telegraphy
420
The Morse System
421
Relays
422
Earth Currents Condenser System of Working
424
Insulation of Wires 10 Duplex Telegraphy
426
Telephones Introductory
428
The Bell Telephone
429
Telephones with External Source of Current
431
Magnetic moment
xxiv
Equivalentresistance
xxxii
385
xlv
235
xlvi
131
xlviii
51
xlix
Microphones
l
CHAPTER XVII
lii
57
135
59
60

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