An Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures - Thomas Hartwell Horne - Google Libros

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different kinds of legal impurities, particularly, 1. The Leprosy of the Per-

son.-2. The Leprosy of Clothes.-3. The House Leprosy.-V. Minor Legal

Impurities, and their Lustrations

CHAPTER VI. On the corruptions of Religion by the Jews.

SECTION I. On the Idolatry of the Jews.

I. Origin and progress of Idolatry-II. Sketch of its history among the Israel-

ites and Jews.-III. Idols worshipped by the Israelites alone.-IV. Idols of

the Ammonites, worshipped by the Israelites.-V. Idols of the Canaanites or

Syrians.-VI. Phoenician idols.-VII. Idols worshipped in Samaria during the

captivity. Hieroglyphic stones, why prohibited to the Jews.-VIII. Idols of

the Greeks and Romans mentioned in the New Testament.-IX. Allusions in

the Scriptures to the Idolatrous Worship of the heathen nations.-Different

kinds of Divination.

SECTION II. Account of the Jewish Sects mentioned in the New Testa-

I. The Sadducees.-II. The Pharisees.-III. The Essenes.--IV. The Scribes

and Lawyers.-V. The Samaritans.-VI. The Herodians.-VII. The Galilæ-

ans and Zealots.-VIII. The Sicarii.
300

SECTION III. On the extreme Corruption of the Jewish People, both in

Religion and Morals at the time of Christ's Birth.

General corruption of the Leaders of the Jewish nation-Of their Chief Priests,

and other ministers of religion-its deplorable effects on the people.-State

of the Jews not resident in Palestine.

PART IV. DOMESTIC ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS, AND OF OTHER

NATIONS INCIDENTALLY MENTIONED IN THE SCRIPTURES.

CHAPTER I. On the Dwellings of the Jews.

I. Tents.-II. Houses-their arrangement-materials-and conveniences-III.

Furniture.-IV. Cities and Markets.

CHAPTER II. On the Dress of the Jews.

I. Dress in the early ages.-Upper Garments.-II. Tunic.-III. Dress of the

Women.-IV. Distinction between the 'Iuariov or upper Garment and the

Xirov or Tunic.-V. Mode of dressing the Hair.-VI. Sandals.-VII. Some

articles of Female Apparel elucidated-complexion of the women.—]
-VIII.

Rending of garments, a sign of mourning.-IX. Numerous changes of ap-

parel, deemed a necessary part of their treasures.

CHAPTER III. Jewish Customs relating to Marriage.

I. Marriage accounted a sacred obligation by the Jews.-II. Polygamy tolerated.

-Condition of Concubines.-III. Nuptial contracts, and espousals.-IV.

Nuptial Ceremonies.-V. Divorces.

CHAPTER IV. Birth, Education, &c. of Children.

I. Child-birth.-Circumcision.-Naming of the Child.-II. Privileges of the

First-born.-III. Nurture of Children-IV. Power of the Father over his

Children.-Disposition of his Property.-V. Adoption.
413

CHAPTER V. On the Condition of Slaves and of Servants, and the

Customs relating to them, mentioned or alluded to in the New Tes-

I. Slaves how acquired.-II. Their condition among the Hebrews.-III. And

among other nations.-IV. Of Hired Servants.-Customs relating to them

and to slaves, alluded to in the New Testament.

SECTION III. Of the High Places, and Proseucha, or Oratories of

I. Of the High Places.-II. Of the Proseuchæ, or Oratories.

SECTION IV. Of the Synagogues.

I. Nature and origin of Synagogues.-The Synagogue of the Libertines ex-

plained. II. Form of the Synagogues.-III. The Officers or Ministers.-IV.

The service performed in the Synagogues.-V. On what days performed.-VI.

Ecclesiastical Power of the Synagogues.-VII. The Shemoneh Esreh, or

nineteen Prayers used in the Synagogue service.
238

CHAPTER II. Sacred Persons.

SECTION I. Of the Jewish Church and its Members.

I. The whole nation accounted holy.-II. Members of the Jewish Church;

Hebrews of the Hebrews.-III. Proselytes.-IV. Jews of the Dispersion.-V.

Hellenistic Jews.-VI. The Libertines.-VII. Devout Men.-VIII. Circum-

cision.-IX. Proselytes how introduced into the Jewish Church.

SECTION II. On the Ministers of the Temple, and other ecclesiastical

or sacred Persons.

I. Of the Levites.-II. The Priests, their functions, maintenance, and privileges.

-III. The High Priest.-Succession to the Pontifical Dignity-His qualifica-

tions, functions, dress, and privileges.-IV. Officers of the Synagogue.-V.

The Nazarites; nature of their vows. -VI. The Rechabites.-VII. The

CHAPTER III. Sacred Things.-On the Sacrifices and other offerings

General Classification of Sacrifices and Offerings:-I. BLOODY OFFERINGS, and

the divine origin of Sacrifices;-1. Different kinds of Victims ;-2. Selection

of Victims;-3. Manner of presenting them;-4. Libations;-5. Immolation

of the Sacrifice;-6. The Place and Time appointed for Sacrificing;-7.

Different kinds of Fire-sacrifices;-i. Burnt Offerings;-ii. Peace Offerings;

-iii. Sin Offerings;-iv. Trespass Offerings;-National, regular, weekly,

monthly, and annual Sacrifices;-II. UNBLOODY OFFERINGS.-III. DRINK

OFFERINGS.-IV. ORDINARY OBLATIONS.-the Shew-bread and Incense.-V.

VOLUNTARY OBLATIONS, Corban.-VI. PRESCRIBED OBLATIONS;-1. First

Fruits;-2. Tithes.
277

CHATPER IV. Sacred Times and seasons observed by the Jews.

I. THE SABBATH.-How observed.-Jewish worship on that day.--Their Pray-

ers, public and private; Attitudes at Prayer; Forms of Prayer.-II. Their

manner of worshipping in the temple.-III. New moons.-IV. Annual Festivals.

-V. THE PASSOVER; when celebrated, and with what ceremonies; its mysti-

cal or typical reference.-VI. THE DAY OF PENTECOST-VII. THE FEAST OF

TABERNACLES.-VIII. THE FEAST OF TRUMPETS.-IX. DAY OF EXPIATION.

-X. Annual Festivals instituted by the Jews.-FEAST OF PURIM.-XI. THE

FEAST OF DEDICATION.-Other Festivals observed at stated intervals.-XII.

THE SABBATICAL YEAR.-XIII. THE YEAR OF JUBILEE.

CHAPTER V. Sacred Obligations and Duties.

SECTION I. Oaths and Vows

I. Of Oaths.-II. Nature of Vows-how far acceptable to God.-III. Requi-

sites essential to the validity of a Vow.-IV. Different sorts of Vows.-1. The

Cherem or irremissible Vow.-2. Other Vows that might be redeemed.-Of

SECTION II. On the Purifications of the Jews.

I. Materials, with which the Purifications of the Jews were performed.-II. Cere-

monies of Purification.-III. Of the persons lustrated.-IV. Account of the

different kinds of legal impurities, particularly, 1. The Leprosy of the Per-

son.-2. The Leprosy of Clothes.-3. The House Leprosy.-V. Minor Legal

Impurities, and their Lustrations

CHAPTER VI. On the corruptions of Religion by the Jews.

SECTION I. On the Idolatry of the Jews.

I. Origin and progress of Idolatry-II. Sketch of its history among the Israel-

ites and Jews.-III. Idols worshipped by the Israelites alone.-IV. Idols of

the Ammonites, worshipped by the Israelites.-V. Idols of the Canaanites or

Syrians.-VI. Phœnician idols.—VII. Idols worshipped in Samaria during the

captivity. Hieroglyphic stones, why prohibited to the Jews.-VIII. Idols of

the Greeks and Romans mentioned in the New Testament.-IX. Allusions in

the Scriptures to the Idolatrous Worship of the heathen nations.-Different

kinds of Divination.

SECTION II. Account of the Jewish Sects mentioned in the New Testa-

I. The Sadducees.-II. The Pharisees.-III. The Essenes.-IV. The Scribes

and Lawyers.-V. The Samaritans.-VI. The Herodians.-VII. The Galilæ-

ans and Zealots.-VIII. The Sicarii.
300

SECTION III. On the extreme Corruption of the Jewish People, both in

Religion and Morals at the time of Christ's Birth.

General corruption of the Leaders of the Jewish nation-Of their Chief Priests,

and other ministers of religion-its deplorable effects on the people.-State

of the Jews not resident in Palestine.

PART IV. DOMESTIC ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS, AND OF OTHER

NATIONS INCIDENTALLY Mentioned in THE SCRIPTURES.

CHAPTER I. On the Dwellings of the Jews.

I. Tents.-II. Houses their arrangement-materials-and conveniences-III.

Furniture.-IV. Cities and Markets.

CHAPTER II. On the Dress of the Jews.

I. Dress in the early ages.-Upper Garments.-II. Tunic.-III. Dress of the

Women.-IV. Distinction between the 'Ipariov or upper Garment and the

Xerov or Tunic.-V. Mode of dressing the Hair.-VI. Sandals.-VII. Some

articles of Female Apparel elucidated-complexion of the women.-VIII.

Rending of garments, a sign of mourning.-IX. Numerous changes of ap-

parel, deemed a necessary part of their treasures.

CHAPTER III. Jewish Customs relating to Marriage.

I. Marriage accounted a sacred obligation by the Jews.-II. Polygamy tolerated.

-Condition of Concubines.-III. Nuptial contracts, and espousals.-IV.

Nuptial Ceremonies.-V. Divorces.

CHAPTER IV. Birth, Education, &c. of Children.

I. Child-birth.-Circumcision.-Naming of the Child.-II. Privileges of the

First-born.-III. Nurture of Children -IV. Power of the Father over his

Children.-Disposition of his Property.-V. Adoption.
413

CHAPTER V. On the Condition of Slaves and of Servants, and the

Customs relating to them, mentioned or alluded to in the New Tes-

I. Slaves how acquired.-II. Their condition among the Hebrews.-III. And

among other nations.-IV. Of Hired Servants.-Customs relating to them

and to slaves, alluded to in the New Testament.

CHAPTER VI. Domestic Customs and Usages of the Jews.

I. Forms of Salutation and Politeness.-Reverence to Superiors.-II. Mode of

receiving Guests or Visitors.-III. Food and Entertainments.-IV. Mode of

Travelling-V. Hospitality a sacred duty among the Jews.-Account of the

Tessera Hospitals of the Greeks and Romans.
Page 426

CHAPTER VII. On the Occupations, Arts, and Sciences of the Hebrews.

SECTION I. Agriculture and Horticulture of the Jews.

I. Agriculture of the Jews.-II. Manures known and used by them.-III. Their

mode of ploughing, sowing, and reaping-IV. Different ways of threshing out
corn.-V. Vineyards, and the culture of the Vine and Olive.-Gardens. 441

SECTION II. On the Arts of the Hebrews.

I. Origin of the Arts.-State of them from the Deluge to the time of Moses.-

II. State of the arts from the time of Moses until the Captivity.-III. State of
the Arts after the Captivity.-IV. Account of some of the Arts practised by

the Jews. Writing;-Materials used for this purpose ;-Letters;-Form of

Books.-V. Poetry.-VI. Music and Musical Instruments.-VII. Dancing. 454

SECTION III. On the Sciences of the Hebrews.

I. Origin of the Sciences. II. History, Genealogy, and Chronology.-III.
Arithmetic, Mathematics, Astronomy, and Astrology.-IV. Surveying.-V.

Mechanic Arts.-VI. Geography.-VII. Physics, Natural History, and Philo-

sophy.-VIII. Medicine.-IX. Notice of some particular Diseases mentioned

in the Scriptures, viz. 1. Disease of the Philistines;-2. Of King Saul;--3 Of

King Jehoram;-4. Of King Hezekiah;-5. Of Nebuchadnezzar ;-6. Palsy;

-7. The Disease of Job ;-8. Issue of Blood;-9. Blindness ;-10. Demonia-

cal Possessions.

SECTION IV. On the Commerce of the Hebrews.

I. Commerce of the Midianites, Egyptians, and Phoenicians.-II. Mode of trans-

porting Goods.-III. Commerce of the Hebrews, particularly under Solomon

and his successors.-IV. Notice of antient shipping.-V. Money, weights,

CHAPTER VIII. Allusions to the Theatres, to Theatrical Perform-

ances, and to the Grecian Games in the New Testament.

I. Allusions to the Theatres and to Theatrical Performances in the New Testa-

ment.-II. Allusions to the Grecian Games, particularly the Olympic Games.

-1. Qualifications of the Candidates.-Preparatory Discipline to which they

were subjected.-2. Foot Race.-3. Rewards of the Victors.-4. Beautiful

allusions to these Games in the New Testament, explained.

CHAPTER IX. Jewish Mode of treating the Dead.-Funeral Rites.

I. Mosaic Law relating to the Dead.-II. Treatment of the Deceased.-III. La-

mentations for them.-IV. Rites of Sepulture.-V. Notice of the Tombs of

the Jews.-VI. Funeral Feasts.-Duration of Mourning.
494

No. 1. Geographical Index of the principal Places mentioned in the

Scriptures, especially in the New Testament.

No. II. Tables of weights, Measures, and Money, mentioned in the

No. III. A Chronological Index of the principal Events recorded in

CRITICAL STUDY AND KNOWLEDGE

THE HOLY SCRIPTURES.

SUMMARY OF BIBLICAL GEOGRAPHY AND ANTIQUITIES.

A SKETCH OF THE HISTORICAL AND PHYSICAL

GEOGRAPHY OF THE HOLY LAND.

HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE HOLY LAND.

I. Names.-II. Boundaries.-III. Inhabitants before the conquest of

Canaan by the Israelites.-IV. Division by Joshua.-Allotments of

the twelve tribes.-V. The Kingdom under David and Solomon.-

VI. The Kingdoms of Judah and Israel.-VII. Divisions in the time

of Jesus Christ.-VIII. Account of the City of JERUSALEM:-1. Its

situation;-2. Names;-3. Fortifications and walls;-4. Remark-

able Buildings;-5. Notice of the successive captures of the city ;-

6. Sketch of its present state.-IX. Historical Epochs.

1. THIS country has in different ages been called by various

names, which have been derived either from its inhabitants, or from

the extraordinary circumstances attached to it. Thus, in Jer. iv. 20.

it is termed generally the land: and hence, both in the Old and New

Testament, the word г, which is sometimes rendered earth, is by

the context in many places determined to mean the promised land

of Israel; as in Josh. ii. 3. They be come to search out all the

country (Sept. nv yv); Matt. v. 5. The meek shall inherit the

earth (y, the land); and in Luke iv. 25. where a great famine is

said to have prevailed throughout all the land (e xadav env gnv).

In like manner, oxoumevn, which primarily means the inhabited world,

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