In accordance with the plan determined upon for this edition, the Translations are collected from the separate volumes put forth by Mr. Longfellow and re-arranged here. As shown in the Biographical Sketch, translating played an important part in the development of Mr. Longfellow's powers. Before he had begun to write those poems which at once attested his poetic calling, and while he was busying himself with study and prose expression, he was finding an outlet for his metrical thought and emotion in the translation of lyrics and pastoral verse, and occasionally of epic and dramatic fragments. Tasks thus early begun passed easily into pleasant avocations, and to the end of his life he found an ever grateful occupation in recasting the foreign thought of other men in moulds of his own. It has been deemed most expedient to group these translations by the several literatures from which they are derived, following in each group a chronological order of composition, as far as possible. As the first most important work in this field by Mr. Longfellow was in a translation from the Spanish, the group from the literature of Spain takes precedence.

The successive publication of Coplas de Manrique indicates the importance attached to it by Mr. Longfellow, and both the treatment which it received at his hands and the formal statement of his theory of translation have an interest, for the contrast which they afford to his later judgment and practice.

The preface to the book, dated Bowdoin College, August 9, 1833, besides a brief notice of Don Jorge Manrique and some characterization of the poem which will be found in the notes, contained the following remarks on the translator's task:

"The object of this little work is to place in the hands of the lovers of Spanish literature the most beautiful moral poem of that language. The original is printed with the translation, that in the estimate of those at least who are versed in the Spanish tongue the author may not suffer for the imperfections of the translator

"The great art of translating well lies in the power of rendering literally the words of a foreign author while at the same time we preserve the spirit of the original. But how far one of these requisites of a good translation may be sacrificed to the other how far a translator is at liberty to embellish the original before him, while clothing it in a new language, is a

question which has been decided differently by persona of different tastes. The sculptor, when he transfers i the inanimate marble the form and features of a h being, may be said not only to copy, but to transl But the sculptor cannot represent in marble the bea and expression of the human eye; and in order to re edy this defect as far as possible, he is forced to trus gress the rigid truth of nature. By sinting the e deeper, and making the brow more prominent above k he produces a stronger light and shade, and thus give to the statue more of the spirit and life of the orig than he could have done by an exact copy. Sax the translator. As there are certain beauties of thoug and expression in a good original, which cannot be ful represented in the less flexible material of another is guage, he, too, at times may be permitted to transgres the rigid truth of language, and remedy the defect far as such a defect can be remedied, by slight and a cious embellishments.

"By this principle I have been guided in the foll ing translations. I have rendered literally the wor of the original, when it could be done without in their spirit; and when this could not be done, I ha occasionally used the embellishment of an additiona epithet, or a more forcible turn of expression. How I have succeeded in my purpose, the reader shall drar

mine."

It may be added that the translator did not keep the exact metre and rhyme of the Spanish original, adopted what he regarded as an equivalent stanza afterward adopted a much stricter rule of translati indicated by the couplet from Spenser prefixed to version of Dante :

Born amid mortal cares and fears, He suffered in this vale of tears

A death of shame.

Behold of what delusive worth

The bubbles we pursue on earth,

The shapes we chase

Amid a world of treachery!

They vanish ere death shuts the eye,

And leave no trace.

No rest the inconstant goddess knows, But changing, and without repose, Still hurries on.

Even could the hand of avarice save Its gilded baubles, till the grave Reclaimed its prey,

Let none on such poor hopes rely; Life, like an empty dream, flits by, And where are they?

Disastrous accident, and change,

That come to all;

Even in the most exalted state,

Relentless sweeps the stroke of fate;
The strongest fall.

Tell me, the charms that lovers seek
In the clear eye and blushing cheek,
The hues that play

O'er rosy lip and brow of snow,
When hoary age approaches slow,
Ah; where are they?

The cunning skill, the curious arts,
The glorious strength that youth imparts
In life's first stage;

These shall become a heavy weight,
When Time swings wide his outward gate
To weary age.

The noble blood of Gothic name,
Heroes emblazoned high to fame,
In long array;

How, in the onward course of time,
The landmarks of that race sublime
Were swept away!

Some, the degraded slaves of lust,
Prostrate and trampled in the dust,
Shall rise no more;

Others, by guilt and crime, maintain
The scutcheon, that, without a stain,
Their fathers bore.

Wealth and the high estate of pride,
With what untimely speed they glide,
How soon depart!

Bid not the shadowy phantoms stay,
The vassals of a mistress they,
Of fickle heart.

These gifts in Fortune's hands are found; Her swift revolving wheel turns round, And they are gone!

Are passions springing from the dust,
They fade and die;

But, in the life beyond the tomb,
They seal the immortal spirit's doom
Eternally!

The pleasures and delights, which mask
In treacherous smiles life's serious task,
What are they all

But the fleet coursers of the chase,
And death an ambush in the race,
Wherein we fall?

Unnumbered hosts, that threaten nigh,
Pennon and standard flaunting high,
And flag displayed;

High battlements intrenched around,
Bastion, and moated wall, and mound,
And palisade,

And covered trench, secure and deep,
All these cannot one victim keep,

O Death, from thee,

When thou dost battle in thy wrath, And thy strong shafts pursue their path Unerringly.

O World! so few the years we live,
Would that the life which thou dost give
Were life indeed!

Alas! thy sorrows fall so fast,
Our happiest hour is when at last
The soul is freed.

Our days are covered o'er with grief, And sorrows neither few nor brief

Veil all in gloom;

Left desolate of real good,

Within this cheerless solitude

No pleasures bloom.

Thy pilgrimage begins in tears,

And ends in bitter doubts and fears,
Or dark despair;

Midway so many toils appear,
That he who lingers longest here
Knows most of care.

Thy goods are bought with many a groan,
By the hot sweat of toil alone,
And weary hearts;

Fleet-footed is the approach of woe,
But with a lingering step and slow
Its form departs.

And he, the good man's shield and shade,
To whom all hearts their homage paid,
As Virtue's son,

Roderic Manrique, he whose name
Is written on the scroll of Fame,
Spain's champion ;

His signal deeds and prowess high
Demand no pompous eulogy,
Ye saw his deeds!

Why should their praise in verse be sung?
The name, that dwells on every tongue,
No minstrel needs.

To friends a friend; how kind to all The vassals of this ancient hall

And feudal fief!

To foes how stern a foe was he! And to the valiant and the free How brave a chief!

What prudence with the old and wise:
What grace in youthful gayeties;
In all how sage!

Benignant to the serf and slave,

He showed the base and falsely brave
A lion's rage.

His was Octavian's prosperous star,
The rush of Cæsar's conquering car
At battle's call;

His, Scipio's virtue; his, the skill
And the indomitable will
Of Hannibal.

His was a Trajan's goodness, his A Titus' noble charities

And righteous laws;

The arm of Hector, and the might
Of Tully, to maintain the right
In truth's just cause;

The clemency of Antonine,
Aurelius' countenance divine,
Firm, gentle, still;

The eloquence of Adrian,

And Theodosius' love to man,
And generous will;